HISTORY OF ATOM: Atom is the basic unit of matter, the smallest unit of an element, atom consists of electrons, protons, and neutrons, and all matter is made of atoms. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible. All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties. Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms. A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms; atoms can be neither created nor destroyed. BONDS BETWEEN ATOMS: Bond between atoms, the very heart
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Scopes Bond energies, bond lengths & bond polarities Drawing Lewis structure and calculate the formal charge Forms of Chemical Bonds 1) Intramolecular bond – forces hold the atoms _______ a molecule • Ionic / Electrovalent Bond • Covalent Bond • Metallic Bond 2) Intermolecular bond – forces ________ the molecules • Hydrogen bonding • Van der Waals 3) Co-ordinate / Dative Bond FHSC1114 Physical Chemistry Chapter Scopes • • • • Electrovalent / ionic bonding Covalent bonding
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CH 111: General Chemistry Dr. Ananda M The University of Dodoma, Tanzania Teaching Compendium on General Chemistry (CH 111) by Dr. AnandaMurthyM.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D. Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, College of Natural &Mathematical Sciences, The University of Dodoma. UDOM- Study Material 2013-14 Page 1 CH 111: General Chemistry Dr. Ananda M Preface The importance of learning chemistry cannot be overemphasized. In this regard, all branches of
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1.1 Atomic structure The Structure of the Atom Mass Spectrometry Electronic Structure Ionisation Energies | | THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM a) Protons, neutrons and electrons Atoms are made up of three fundamental particles: protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus and are collectively called nucleons. Electrons orbit the nucleus in a similar way to that in which planets orbit a sun. In between the
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is incorrect? A) Ionic bonding results from the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. B) Dipole moments result from the unequal distribution of electrons in a molecule. C) The electrons in a polar bond are found nearer to the more electronegative element. D) A molecule with very polar bonds can be nonpolar. E) Linear molecules cannot have a net dipole moment. 2. Atoms having greatly differing electronegativities are expected to form: A) no bonds
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Atoms, Molecules, and Elements Atoms, Molecules, and Elements Our Periodic Table is designed to help us understand how elements are going to react to each other and also gives us the breakdown of how many atoms are in each element. This chart also helps us to identify metals, liquids, and gases. This chart shows us the atomic mass and structure of each element. Knowing this information allows us to determine which elements can bond and interact with each other. Alkali metals and halogens can
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Biology- The scientific study of life. Life is structured on a size scale ranging from the molecular (smallest components of life) to the global (Earth) scale. Biology encompasses a large variety of life on earth. Uses of Biology in every day life: Molecular Biology – (Biology that deals with the smallest components of life such as cells, DNA, RNA) is used to solve crimes and reveal ancestry. Ecology- The scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environment is used to address
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used in the covalent bonding between the atoms. All the above Lewis dot structures are of covalent bonds between atoms. The attraction in covalent bonds are an electrostatic one between the positive charge of the nuclei and the negative charge of the electrons. The first molecule of H-Cl has a bond order of 1, a single bond. The molecule of H2C=CH2 has a bond order of two, the bond itself is short that a single bond and therefore is stronger. The third molecule of N2 has a triple bond, which is shorter
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either elements or compounds. 5 Pure Substances Elements Compounds Chem 100 Spring 2014 Pure Substances - Elements An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances even by a chemical reaction. 6 Chem 100 Spring 2014 Elements and their Symbols Element symbols often consist of one or two letters of the element’s name. Examples: carbon: C calcium: Ca 7 Chem 100 Spring 2014 Elements and their Symbols List of Elements and
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