independently living cells that, like humans, live in communities. Microorganisms include a large and diverse group of microscopic organisms that exist as single cell or cell clusters (e.g., bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, protozoa and helminths) and the viruses, which are microscopic but not cellular. While bacteria and archaea are classed as prokaryotes (Gr. pro-before+ karyon-nucleus) the fungi, algae, protozoa and helminths are eukaryotes (Gr. eu-true or good+ karyon-nucleus). Microorganisms are
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biology and genetics b. Defining what a microbe is: * a microbe is a living organism that requires a microscope to be seen c. Where did microbes come from? Evolutionary origins, fossil evidence; prokaryotic cells eukaryotic cells * bacteria is the oldest known life form. Oldest datable geographical evidence was 3.8 bya * eukayotic cells arose from divergent prokaryotic lines. Endosymbioses came from mitochondria and chloroplasts. Unicellular types came from simple multicellular
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June Monday 9,2014 Patti Cantamessa Abstract Infectious pathogen in salmonella is salmonella enterica bacterium. Salmonella are motile, non-spore forming, gram negative, rod-shaped bacteria. There are approximately 2,400 types of salmonella. (Schneider, 2013) There are many different kinds of this bacteria, salmonella serotype, typhimurium and salmonella serotype enteritis are the most common types. Salmonella is wide spread in the environment and is associated with all animals’ species including
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Biotechnology Biotechnology is the way in which man uses other organisms to make useful products. Yeast has been used for centuries to make beer, wine and bread. Moulds have been employed in cheese making, and bacteria in yogurt making. Single- Cell Protein (SCP) Microorganisms are single cell organisms which can be cultured to rapidly produce foodstuffs rich in protein, minerals and vitamins. Microorganisms are grown in large fermenters where nutrient, pH and temperature are constantly monitored
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difference between a bactericidal and bacteriostatic agent? Between sterilization and disinfecting? The difference between the two is that bactericidal kills bacteria directly. While bacteriostatic stops the bacteria from growing. Bactericidal will injure the plasma membrane and the cell will leak out, killing it. Bacteriostatic stops bacteria from replicating. The main difference between sterilization and disinfection is, that sterilization kills all microorganisms, while disinfection eliminates
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about 5,000 viruses have been described in detail. [Secondary Source] Although there are millions of different types, viruses also undergo cycles in order to reproduce and harm and/or help organisms. There are two types of viral cycles known to men, the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle. In the lytic cycle the virus attaches itself to the host cell and nucleic acid is inserted into the cell. Next it makes copies of DNA and capsid and more viruses are assembled. Finally the viruses are released
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(range & units): Unique characteristics (how is each microbe different from the others): Bacteria Prokaryote Cell wall are composed of peptidoglycan-a polysaccharide. Bacteria move with finger like flagella about 20 nm in diameter, which grow at the tip and rotate counterclockwise in bundles to cause runs and rotate independently clockwise to cause tumbles. Pili in bacteria is used to exchange of DNA. All bacteria have cytoplasmic membrane are phospholipids made of ester linkages in bilayer. Cytoplasm
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examples listed in Chapter 14, but if you want to choose an operon not described in your book, please ask me for approval. Make sure you do not pick the same operon as your classmates; we want to expose ourselves to as many regulation proteins and bacteria as possible. In your initial discussion board post, please include the following: The Tryptophan(trp) Operon 1. Describe an operon, the regulatory proteins, the cellular process and the molecules being “sensed”. 2. Include details about
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influenza and high blood pressure. Some diseases are contagious which can be transmitted from one individual to another such as influenza. Pathogens which consist of micro-organisms causing this disease include a whole spectrum of bacteria, fungi and viruses. These organisms can be transmitted from lack of hygiene, hand to mouth after contact with infectious material, insect bites, sexual transmission, so on and so forth. Only some diseases such as influenza are contagious
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Technique……………………………………………………………………………………… page 2 Acid-Fast Stain Technique………………………………………………………………………………………… page 3 The importance of the Gram Stain Technique to a physician……………………………………. page 4 The importance of varying shapes/colonies formation of bacteria……………………………. page 5 Spore Stain Technique………………………………………………………………………………………………. page 6 The Importance of incubation/protocol techniques…………………………………………………... page 7 The importance of various types of media for bacterial growth…………………………………
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