Origin of Earth * 3.8 billion years ago—evidence of microbial cells Agriculture * Bacteria in plant (soybean plant) fixes nitrogen to usable nitrogen for environment * Cows have microbes in digestive tract to digest grass into sugar Energy—biofuels (methane, ethanol—from sugar cane) produced from microbial Disease—Cause & Treatment * More death-causing bacteria in 1900’s than today (in US!) Food—Microbes make food—bread, beer, cheese, 1665—Hooke; first
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The normal body flora on the surfaces of the body, reduce the area available for pathogens to attach to, as well as acting as a competitor for suitable nutrients. The body also produces several antimicrobial substances that kill or break down bacteria. A specific example of a physical barrier is when the blood produces a clot to seal the wound to prevent microbes from entering when the skin has been cut. The second line of defence is also non-specific and involves the process of phagocytosis
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diseases are caused by agents such as bacteria, parasites, protozoa, fungus and virus. Bacteria exist on every surface including in the air and below sea level. Most bacteria are harmless but others are harmful to our body and can do bad to your health and internal organs, kidneys and the heart. Bacteria can invade into the body via the mouth, sexual organs, nose, eyes or any cuts which need to be cleaned and dressed. Bacteria can enter the body if food is full of bacteria or it isn’t cooked properly, this
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Unit 21: Biomedical science techniques Assignment one Task one Bacteria Virus Fungi Protozoa Structure Structure of bacteria includes a cell wall made up of glycoprotein murein, a plasma membrane made up of proteins, phospholipids and carbohydrates which make a fluid mosaic. It also consists of cytoplasm, ribosome which is small granule made up of protein and RNA, plasmid that are a small circle of DNA, flagella which has a rigid rotating tail, Pilli which has small protein appendages and
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procaryotes and bacteria. The first edition of the guide was based on specific characteristics of gram staining and metabolic reactions, which was a method called phenotypic. However with the new second edition, classifications and identification goes more in depth. It’s based on genetic information, specifies the relationship and phylogenetic history of the bacteria. Bergey’s Manual 2nd edition is broken down into five volumes: Vol. 1 separates Domain Archaea and Domain Bacteria into their own
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Lab Safety against Pathogenic Bacteria Considering that there are still a lot of unknown bacteria, it is really important that in lab when handling bacteria extreme precaution is taken towards handling them and to treat them as pathogenic. Today it is an acknowledged fact that anyone in the laboratory whether they are researchers, scientist, or students must follow all guidelines and safety rules for their safety. Every laboratory has its own lab safety equipment and guidelines such as dress code
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Contaminated water contains biological microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Silver nanoparticles are used conventionally as an antimicrobial compound to exhibit multi-interactional activity to fight bacteria. Inevitably, low concentration of silver compounds will remain in the environment. For example values of accumulated silver nanoparticles for surface water, American soil, sludge, , Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) effluent, STP sludge, and sediment were reported 0.088 µg/L/year, 6
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things like these that are not considered to be alive can “evolve”? Viruses reproduce via bacterial gene transfer. Prions are proteins so they replicate with the rest of the genome. Viroids are small RNA plant pathogens that do not code any protein products, therefore replicate by stealing what is needed from the host. However, it may be important to keep in mind that there is a great deal of discussion about whether viruses should be defined as live or not. They contain some of the structures
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Minute living things * Too small to be seen with the unaided eye * Members of several different groups * Microorganisms - Microbes - Germs GROUPS OF MICROORGANISMS * Bacteria Bacteriology * Fungi Mycology * Protozoa Protozoology * Microscopic Algae Phycology * Viruses Virology ALGAE * photosynthetic unicellular or simple multicellular * mostly aquatic * organisms with cell walls of cellulose * produce their own food through photosynthesis
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the properties of individual particles. The Kingdom Monera is the most prominent. Examples of these are the bacteria. Bacteria are the first life forms. They are the smallest and the most numerous. They have no complex organelles and have only a few hundred genes. They grow, replicate DNA and split for every twenty minutes. Another example are the viruses which are much smaller than the bacteria and are not considered as living things. Next, the Kingdom Protista, from the name itself, are composed mainly
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