essentially as a result of the four processes which in this case are mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and selection both artificial and natural. Mutation is actually a nucleotide sequence change of an organism genome, extra chromosomal genetic element, or virus. These processes come as a result of unrepaired damage to the RNA genomes or to DNA, the deletion or insertion of DNA segments by the mobile genetic elements, or from the errors that result from replication process. Mutations therefore
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a means of survival. It is necessary in order for a species, like the human race, to reproduce and therefore will always be a topic of thought and discussion. The need and use of sex both in and out of marriage is determined and manipulated by genetic code. Genes have a way of working to either sabotage or safe-guard a relationship. Infidelity Marriage and sex go hand-in-hand and unfortunately infidelity often is part of that union. Both men and women cheat, but for very different reasons.
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lasting and debilitating. It may intensify as the months go by. People with clinical depression may become unable to carry out the simplest of life’s activities, and some even try to end their lives. Biological theory researchers have relied on genetic studies and on investigations into biochemistry to help explain the causes of unipolar depression. Many theorists believe that some people inherit a predisposition to unipolar depression. Support comes from many sources – family studies, twin studies
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results in greater degree of variation. Two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from two parents. Sexual reproduction generates genetic variation by homologous parings (half of the chromosomes form the mother and half from the father). The process crossing over is the exchange of genetic material which enhances variation in a species; it produces recombinant chromosomes, which combine genes inherited from two parents. Crossing over occurs early in meiosis
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curiosity that takes us into finding out whether we are genetically inherit to some of the biological traits of our parents or if living in certain environments develop our social well being. There have been studies into schizophrenia and the genetic traits that may be passed on to the children. The study was conducted to observe children who had biological parents who suffered from schizophrenia and their adoptive parents showed no signs of the illness. The study was also conducted on children
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Mice and rats breed fast, which allows for the testing of generations in a few months, whereas it would take years to test at that level in humans. Along the lines of breeding, it is also worthy to note that the test subjects are inbred, so any genetic anomalies caused by the product over generations would be easier to track. When looking at product safety, or the potential threat posed by the product, we can look at various generations to find a modicum of proof, it is this level of testing that
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and for using non-human animals. Strengths By knowing the physiological basis of behaviour we can treat symptoms with drugs evolutionary theory can explain things that would otherwise be unexplainable Weaknesses It is difficult to seperate genetic influence from environmental influence It's reductionistic Can't explain altruism well Historical Context The biological perspective was created as a reaction to the theory of dualism, that the mind and the brain are two seperate entities.
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and Watson in the early 1950s, the focus on medical research has shifted to the understanding of the genetic cause of a particular disease. Because of this, we are now able to understand the pathophysiology behind much of the diseases that has been a mystery to us before. An example of this is cancer, which was initially untreatable, but now thanks to our ever improving understanding of the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of the disease we are almost a step closer to achieving a reliable cure.
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mutation is present throughout a person’s life in virtually every cell in the body. Mutations that occur only in an egg or sperm cell, or those that occur just after fertilization, are called new (de novo) mutations. De novo mutations may explain genetic disorders in which an affected child has a mutation in every cell, but has no family history of the disorder. Acquired (or somatic) mutations occur in the DNA of individual cells at some time during a person’s life. These changes can be caused by
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someone else will act in a similar situation. The Nature Theory says that more abstract traits such as intelligence, personality, aggression, and sexual orientation are also encoded in an individual's DNA. These genetic traits make up your personality. If you have the genetic trait of having a flexible, risk-taking personality, you would, more than likely, be able to handle a larger percentage of dissimilarities more successfully than a cautious personality, enjoying more intensive exchange
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