molecules, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde. These products are then able to enter the glycolysis pathway to be converted to pyruvate, which is essential for the citric acid cycle and the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for cellular energy. A2. Deficiency in Aldolase B A hereditary deficiency in aldolase B could be caused by mutations in the ALDOB gene. An aldolase B deficiency will prevent the breakdown of fructose past the point of the fructose 1-phosphate stage. This causes
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when it comes to experimenting with things that will have a drastic change at the end. Doing lab ten, I was kind of desperate to see the result in the chemicals that I was working with. For example, when I was doing experiment 10.1 Aerobic Cellular Respiration, in this lab I had to wait a couple of minutes to see if the phenol red solution will turn into yellow if I stir it for about 40 minutes. This was the section that surprised me the most because I honestly did not believe that the Phenol red
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LAB6_AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC GROWTH As humans, we are accustomed to thinking that oxygen is essential to life. Microorganisms, however, are quite adaptable and diverse and vary considerably in their oxygen requirements. Some bacteria require oxygen; some can grow with or without it and some are actually killed by oxygen. Bacteria are generally classified into three main groups with respect to oxygen: 1. Obligate aerobes: Like humans, these organisms have an absolute requirement for oxygen
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Introduction: During exercise, our muscle cells respire more than when we are resting. Exercise is carried out by increasing the respiration rate and the heart rate. (BBC Bitesize 2014) Exercise occurs when the muscles contract and relax which create movement. Energy for cells is created in the mitochondria of every cell, through the process of cellular respiration (Glucose + Oxygen -----> Carbon Dioxide + Water + ENERGY). The Mitochondria is known as the "powerhouse" of all cells and they act
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2 AQA BIOL5: The synoptic essay AQA A2 Biology: Writing the Synoptic Essay by Dr Robert Mitchell CT Publications Copyright © Dr Robert Mitchell 2010 www.ctpublications.co.uk 0800 040 7901 Dr Robert Mitchell A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-907769-02-3 First published in May 2010 by CT Publications Copyright © Dr Robert Mitchell 2010 The right of Robert Mitchell to be identified as the author of this work has been
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Mitochondrial myopathies are a group of diseases and not just one particular disease. However, all these diseases affect only one thing in our body. This one thing is the mitochondria. Those who have studied human genetics or similar sciences, know that mitochondria are present in all our nerve cells and deal with the functions our muscles. These mitochondria are what provide energy to our cells which in turn help in movement of muscles et al. If these mitochondrial problems affect only the muscles
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Action of enzymes as catalysts in biochemical processes * Enzymes acts as catalyst and increase the rate of all the chemical reactions. * Enzymes are also described by two properties like all other catalysts. It composed of two main functions. * The first function is that, they increase the rate of chemical reactions by without consumed themselves or undergo any change or alteration in the reaction. . ( Zemitec et,al 2008). * The second function is, they increase reaction rates
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CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM Carbohydrates are found as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides or complex carbohydrates. They function in energy storage (starch&glycogen), signaling (glycoproteins and glycolipids, e.g. blood group determinants), fuel the nervous system and muscle (and virtually all cells, although there are distinct cell type specific differences in choice of primary fuel molecule), are parts of nucleic acids (genes, mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes), and as cell surface markers
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provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.[3] The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition
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1. Define the three energy pathways. For each pathway, identify two exercises that utilize the pathway. If you were training to run a marathon, which pathway would be the focal point of your training? What types of activities would you incorporate into your marathon training and why? How will an understanding of energy pathways help you in your future training endeavors? Three different metabolic energy systems power your workouts — and your day. Here’s how each one works, and how to make the
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