(PROJECTS) TOPIC 7. CONSULTING AND ENGINEERING ACTIVITY TOPIC 8. SHORT, MEDIUM AND LONG-TERM FINANCING TECHNIQUES TOPIC 9. SPECIAL FINANCING TECHNIQUES TOPIC 10. EUROMARKET FINANCING TECHNIQUES TOPIC 1. COMBINED COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS 1.1. Countertrade: genesis and determinant factors 1.2. Barter and offsets: specifics of carrying and contracting 1.3. Counter-purchase: participants and the mechanism of carrying. 1.4. Buy-back. 1.5. Re-export: reasons and the mechanism of carrying. 1.6. Re-import
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Role of countertrade in the world market Noted US economist Paul Samuelson was skeptical about the viability of countertrade as a marketing tool, claiming that "Unless a hungry tailor happens to find an undraped farmer, who has both food and a desire for a pair of pants, neither can make a trade". (This is called "double coincidence of wants".) But this is arguably a too simplistic interpretation of how markets operate in the real world. In any real economy, bartering occurs all the time, even
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Import under Countertrade At times, standard goods-for-cash payment structures do not work, are cumbersome, expensive, or simply impossible. In these cases, companies can adopt countertrade. Countertrade involves the exchange of goods in barters or other ways in place of money. For example, if a nation’s currency is not exchangeable or no good overseas, they may offer a commodity or other product in place of cash. Countertrade was common in the USSR in the 1960s when its currency was nonconvertible
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technology. 10. It is also observed that within the service sector strategic alliances are less common, but those between hotels, airlines and tour operator’s and between accountants and management consultants are increasing. COUNTERTRADE: Countertrade is a form of international trade in which certain export
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Countertrade means exchanging goods or services which are paid for, in whole or part, with other goods or services, rather than with money. A monetary valuation can however be used in counter trade for accounting purposes. In dealings between sovereign states, the term bilateral trade is used. OR "Any transaction involving exchange of goods or service for something of equal value." Types of countertrade There are five main variants of countertrade: * Barter: Exchange of goods or services directly
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medium-size enterprises, such as SpinCent as seen in the opening case for chapter 13, account for ________ of all U.S. exporters. A) 38% B) 54% C) 79% D) 97% Answer: D Diff: 1 Learning Outcome: Discuss the roles of exporting, importing, and countertrade in international business Skill: Concept Objective: 1 3) Which of the following best explains why SpinCent decided to export? A) growth opportunities in Asia B) labor demands in the U.S. C) declining tariffs in the EU D) promising market
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Counter trade is a form of market entry strategy. Countertrade is a form of international trade in which certain export and import transactions are directly linkrd with each other and in which import of goods are paid for by export of goods, instead of money payments. In the modern economies, most transactions anvovle monetary payments and receipts, either immediate or deferred. As against this, countertrade refers to a variety of unconventional international trade practices which link exchange
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Direct and Indirect Export 8 2.4 Case Study 9 3.0 PIGGYBANKING…………………………………………………………………………………….10 4.0COUNTERTRADE……………………………………………………………………………………10 4.1 Forms of Countertrade…………………………………………………………………………….10 4.2 Examples of Countertrade…………………………………………………………………………11 4.3 Disadvantages of Countertrade……………………………………………………………………11 5.0 BARTER………………………………………………………………………………………………11 5.1 Forms of Barter Trade…………………………………………………………………………….11 6.0 FOREIGN PRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………14
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Exporting, Importing, and Countertrade OPENING CASE: SteelMaster Buildings How has SteelMaster Building been able to grow its exports? Did they use resources? What were they? How has the Internet helped to level the playing field for small- and medium-sized enterprises like SteelMaster Buildings that want to maximize their export opportunities? IMPROVING EXPORT PERFORMANCE Why export? Why has export increased? What are the enablers? What are our major exports? What are the common pitfalls
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strategies for international purchasing 7 Element 2 – Implement international purchasing strategies 10 Element 3 – Undertake more complex international purchasing 12 Element 4 – Determine payment strategies 15 Element 5 – Arrange barter and countertrade 18 Element 6 – Determine logistics strategies 20 Element 7 – Evaluate international purchasing strategies and implement identified improvements 22 Portfolio Activities Semester 2, 2013 24 Introduction Continued pressure to reduce costs
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