Interest rate parity | A theory that the interest rate differential between two countries is equal to the differential between the forward exchange rate and the spot exchange rate. Interest rate parity plays an essential role in foreign exchange markets, connecting interest rates, spot exchange rates and foreign exchange rates. Interest rate parity, or sometimes known as International Fisher effect, is an economic concept, expressed as a basic algebraic identity that relates interest rates and
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Lecture 5 Chapter 8 Foreign currency derivatives Lecture outline Chapter 8: Foreign currency derivatives Futures contracts Options Chapter 9: Interest rate and currency swap Interest rate risk management FRAs Interest rate futures (not examinable) Swaps 2 Foreign Currency Derivatives Financial management of the MNE in the 21st century involves financial derivatives. These derivatives, so named because their values are derived from underlying assets, are a powerful tool used in business
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CONDITIONS AND CURRENCY FORECASTING ARBITRAGE AND THE LAW OF ONE PRICE THE LAW OF ONE PRICE A.Law states: Identical goods sell for the same price worldwide. B.Theoretical basis :If the price after exchange-rate adjustment were not equal, arbitrage in the goods worldwide ensures eventually it will. C.Five Parity Conditions Result From These Arbitrage Activities 1. Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) 2. The Fisher Effect (FE) 3. The International Fisher Effect(IFE) 4. Interest Rate Parity (IRP)
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Bank for International Settlements, the BIS, does a major survey of the foreign exchange markets. In the latest survey, the BIS estimates that the average turnover in the foreign exchange market, meaning spot transactions, forwards and swaps and currency options, in April 2013 was $5.3 trillion per day. Other years’ results: | |1998 |2001 |2004 |2007 |2010 2013 | |turnover ($trillions)
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exchange rate determination “Having endeavored to forecast exchange rates for more than half a century, I have understandably developed significant humility about my ability in this area…”[1] - Alan Greenspan Figure 1: Exchange Rate Determination [pic] Source: Exchange Rate Determination I. Short-Run Forecasting Tools Short-term changes in exchange rates are the most difficult to predict and are often determined based on bandwagon effects, overreaction to news, speculation, and
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------------------------------------------------- Chapter 9 International Trade & Exchange rate ------------------------------------------------- What You will Learn in this Chapter * Study the theory of Comparative Advantage * Differentiate between Terms of Trade and Balance of payments * Explain Exchange Rate Determination * Describe the Concepts closely related to exchange rate of exchange A. The theory of comparative Advantage: In his book ‘Principles of Political
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firm does not have to deal with exchange rates, different laws in different countries, transferring funds between subsidiaries in different countries, having to communicate in different languages, and so forth. All of these factors create complications and challenges for multinational firms. In spite of these challenges, there is a strong trend among corporations to “go global.” The primary motivation is profit—many firms can increase their rates of return on investment, and their stock
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as exchange rates, interest rates, inflation etc. In other words, a firm is “exposed” to uncertain changes in a number of variables in its environment. Exposure may therefore be defined as a measure of sensitivity of the value of a financial item to changes in the macro economic variables mentioned above. Risk refers to the variability of the value of the item. FOREIGN EXCHANGE EXPOSURE Foreign Exchange Exposure occurs because of unanticipated change in the exchange rate. For example the difference
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Definition Any financial instrument that locks in a future foreign exchange rate. These can be used by currency or forex traders, as well as large multinational corporations. The latter often uses these products when they expect to receive large amounts of money in the future but want to hedge their exposureto currency exchange risk. Financial instruments that fall into this category include: currency options contracts, currency swaps, forward contracts and futures contracts. Types There are three
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of Low Interest Rates In a market economy, resources tend to flow to activities that maximize their returns for the risks borne by the lender. Interest rates (adjusted for expected inflation and other risks) serve as market signals of these rates of return. Although returns will differ across industries, the economy also has a natural rate of interest that depends on those factors that help to determine its long-run average rate of growth, such as the nation's saving and investment rates.4 During
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