Despite being a young country, Brazil spends as big a share of national income on pensions. It spends just 1.5% of GDP on infrastructure, compared with a global average of 3.8%, even though its stock of infrastructure is valued at just 16% of GDP, compared with 71% in other big economies. Dilma Rousseff, the President of Brazil, has scared investors away from infrastructure projects and undermined Brazil’s hard-won reputation for macroeconomic rectitude by publicly chivvying the Central Bank chief into
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QUANTITATIVE EASING: A RATIONALE AND SOME EVIDENCE FROM JAPAN This paper was prepared for the NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics 2009. Volker Wieland thanks the European Central Bank for support as Duisenberg Research Fellow while the initial presentation for the ISOM conference in June 2009 in Cyprus was prepared. The help of Alberto Musso from the European Central Bank in collecting data on Japan is gratefully acknowledged. Helpful comments by conference participants, and in particular
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Assignment On The Role of Monetary Policy: Bangladesh Perspective * Introduction 3 * Impotance of Monetary Rule 3 * Objectives of Monetary Policy 5 * Functions of Monetary Policy 5 * Economic Growth 6 * Bangladesh Monetary Policy 7 * Note Issuing Processes 7 * The Broad Discussion of Monetary Policy Objective 9 * Strategy of Monetary Policy 11 * Conclusion 13 INTRODUCTION: Monetary Policythe
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specific economic situation - Automatic — built in policies like unemployment compensation, progressive income tax, etc... Other Review: Calculating % increase — (2nd year data - 1st year data) / 1st year data then multiply by 100 to get percentage Equation of Exchange — MV = PQ GDP = C + I + G + (exports - imports) [Expenditures Approach] OR GDP = W + I + P + R + Depreciation + Indirect Taxes [Incomes Approach] Investment spending (capital) – low interest rate to borrow money Financial investment
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Indonesia Country Report Q1 2012 POLITICAL AND SOCIAL BACKGROUND Indonesia has excellent prospects for long term growth, based on macroeconomic stability, supported by strong domestic consumption and stable political conditions. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s reputation remains high in international circles, boosted by the country’s focus on re-establishing its leadership role within ASEAN and as the incoming Chair of APEC 2013. The country has a demonstrated desire to take on a global
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Macroeconomic Theory Macroeconomic Theory A Dynamic General Equilibrium Approach Michael Wickens Princeton University Press Princeton and Oxford Copyright © 2008 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 3 Market Place, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1SY All Rights Reserved ? A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library This book has
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leads to increased financial distress (Shleifer 2011). In this way, fire sales can depreciate asset prices and decrease economy-wide liquidity to the point of having a significant negative effect on an economy. Macroeconomic Effects The literature discussing the negative macroeconomic effects of fire sales is numerous. Many of these papers quote negative impacts to be
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this text, four primary models will be presented; the Aggregate Supply - Aggregate Demand (AS/AD) Model, the Loanable Funds Model, an HMCMacroSim simulation model, and the IS/LM Model. All but the Loanable Funds model are inclusive models of the national economy. The Loanable Funds Model is a model of the finance markets and is used to discuss interest rate determination theory. Types of Models There are four types of models used in economic analysis, visual models, mathematical models, empirical
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ECON 1002 Macroeconomics Suggested answers Tutorial 4 Equilibrium and the Aggregate Expenditures Model In this tutorial we return to Funland (from LA2 in Module 4) and explore the concept of equilibrium with the Aggregate Expenditure model. Please note you will learn this conceptual material by doing it yourself. Copying answers from friends will mean you do not really learn which will then be a big disadvantage for you in the mid-semester test. Suppose that Funland people consume 75 cents
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Switzerland prior to the recent financial crisis. We follow Coelli et al. (1999)’s methodology to adjust the estimated cost and profit efficiency scores for environmental influences including key banks’ risks, bank- and industry specific factors and macroeconomic conditions. Our evidence suggests that failing to account for environmental factors can considerably bias the efficiency scores for investment banks. Specifically, bank-risk taking factors (including liquidity and capital risk exposures) are found
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