Gurgaon is a geographically a semi-arid area. Thus it was historically supporting only a mix of 3 kinds of occupations in the peripheral villages of the Gurgaon town. Its proximity to the Aravalli’s, meant that stone crushing was a natural occupations of the residents. Cattle rearing and agriculture were the other two works that the people were involved with. Thus the typology of the residential unit was heavily influenced by this fact. The climate along with the nature of land that is not very rich
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Concrete + Fly ash Properties of the material Shapes Fly ash consists mainly of hollow spherical shapes which creates a ball bearing effect in the mix, improving workability without increasing water requirements. Fly ash also improves the pump-ability of concrete by making it more cohesive and less prone to segregation. The spherical shape improves the pump-ability by decreasing the friction between the concrete and the pump line. In addition, some fly ashes have been shown to significantly decrease
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Chapter 3. Scope of work We have learnt a variety of civil engineering structure likes buildings, bridges, dams, roads etc. The consulting geotechnical engineer is concerned with how the soil behaves when it is loaded by these structures. It is the consulting geotechnical engineer’s job to make sure the load that reaches the soil is such that the soil is able to with stand the load in manner that is safe for the structure. It is the consulting geotechnical engineer, who decides the type of foundation
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1. INTRODUCTION Aluminium and its alloys are used in fabrications because of their low weight, good corrosion resistance and weldability. This encourages the use of aluminium and its alloy in aerospace industry, internal combustion engine parts, ship building etc. [1]. Welding being most widely used joining method can be used for welding aluminium. Tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) and metal inert gas welding (MIG) are commonly used for aluminium. In this study TIG welding is used since TIG welding
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INTRODUCTION 1.1 General Concrete due to its versatility and mouldability is one of the most widely used men made construction material in the world. This is the only substance on our planet which is utilized second to water. Concrete plays an important role in infrastructure development of fast growing countries like India. Concrete for the twenty first century can be made much stronger, more durable and cost efficient. Concrete require cement as a binding material which is
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Molding Methods Molding process is used to create intricate metal components. The mold material used to make these “molds” could be either temporary or permanent. Temporary molds are made up of refractory sands and resins. The temporary mold has to be broken to retrieve the cast. Permanent molds are made of ferrous materials and are normally employed for casting low melting point materials but this process is too costly. Because of this conundrum, most of the foundry industry has its castings produced
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but also the advancements of architecture. This paper will explore the development of both Roman concrete and the arch, including the importance of each and the results of their use. Development. While the Ancient Romans did not invent the arch, they did improve upon the concept and create an arch that could support a much larger weight than previously allowed. Until the invention of Roman concrete, corbeled arches had been made of brick or stone which were laid closer to the center as they rose
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While concrete has been around in one form or another since before Roman times, in this era the cement was usually mixed by hand using a shovel or spade. However in the late 1920 when the automobile industry started to become popular so did the portable cement mixer or concrete mixer as it is more commonly know in the construction industry. A cement mixer is device often used in the construction industry to produce a concrete substance, this is done by adding compound components such as the concrete
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to retain the lawn soil that may be on the ground or raised, but also gives a seaside appearance to the garden. They can be modified or cut on the top portion to give a wavy appearance, and coloured varyingly to create pleasing looks. Brick and concrete block edging Bricks are widely available cheap and choice for landscape edging in many regions. Brick and block edging can be done in several ways. They can be laid as pavers over a bed of sand, pushed together tightly so that no turf can pass
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4 HMA - Marshall Method: The basic concepts of the Marshall mix design method were originally developed by Bruce Marshall of the Mississippi Highway Department around 1939 and then refined by the U.S. Army. Currently, the Marshall method is used in some capacity by about 38 states. The Marshall method seeks to select the asphalt binder content at a desired density that satisfies minimum stability and range of flow values (White, 1985). This section consists of a brief history of the Marshall
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