Williamson Ether Synthesis * Produces unsymmetrical ethers through a nucleophilic substitution reaction (a nucleophile is a species that donates an electron pair to a positively charged species called an electrophile) * Involves an SN2 reaction of an alkoxide ion (which is the conjugate base of an acid – one less hydrogen - and is therefore an organic group bonded to a negatively changed oxygen atom) such as a sodium alkoxide and a primary alkyl halide (chemical compounds derived from
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involves, as proffered by Williamson et al., (2004), lots of research to gain deeper insight into the business which encompasses all aspects of the business and its environment. In short, it is a holistic process that unearths the secrets of the business and identifies areas needing attention. It thus seeks to find answers to questions like where is the business now, what does it do and how does it do it, where does it want to go and how can this be achieved (Williamson et al., 2004). Yes, it
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8. Reaction of acidic terminal hydrogen (acid-base reaction) Alkyl Halides Preparation: 1. Addition of halogen halide to alkenes 2. Reaction of phosphorus and sulfur halides with alcohols Reaction: 3. Hydrolysis 4. Williamson ether synthesis 5. Nitrile formation 6. Amine formation 7. Alkene formation 8. Grignard formation Phenols Preparation: 1. Pyrolysis of sodium benzene sulfonate 2. Dow process 3. Air oxidation of cumene Reaction: 4
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A Grignard-Like Organic Reaction The Synthesis of 1-phenyl-3-buten-1-ol Introduction The Grignard reaction is an important synthetic process by which a new carbon to carbon bond is formed. Magnesium metal is first reacted with an organic halide forming the Grignard reagent. The Grignard reaction is the addition of an organomagnesium halide (Grignard reagent) to a ketone or aldehyde, to form a tertiary or secondary alcohol, respectively. For example, the reaction with formaldehyde leads to
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product is isolated by steam distillation and is extracted into the distillate with ether that is dried in a column of drying agents. Removal of the ether leaves the product cychohexanone. Theory Cyclohexanone is used as a precursor for nylon. This makes it one of the largest mass produced chemicals in the industry. Billions of kilograms of cyclohexanone are produced each year for the making of nylon. The synthesis of cyclohexanone is simple. First, sodium hypochlorite and acetic acid are reacted
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Representative Carbon Compounds. An Introduction to Organic Reactions: Acids and Bases. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Conformations of Molecules. Stereochemistry: Chiral Molecules. Alkenes and Alkynes I: Properties and Synthesis. Alkenes and Alkynes II: Addition Reactions. Radical Reactions. Alcohols and Ethers. Conjugated Unsaturated Systems. Aromatic Compounds. Reactions of Aromatic Compounds. Aldehydes and Ketones I: Nucleophilic Additions to the Carbonyl Group. Aldehydes and Ketones II: Aldol Reactions. Carboxylic
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Organic Chemistry Second Edition The INSTANT NOTES series Series Editor: B.D. Hames School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK Animal Biology 2nd edition Biochemistry 2nd edition Bioinformatics Chemistry for Biologists 2nd edition Developmental Biology Ecology 2nd edition Immunology 2nd edition Genetics 2nd edition Microbiology 2nd edition Molecular Biology 2nd edition Neuroscience Plant Biology Chemistry series Consulting Editor: Howard Stanbury Analytical
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Darden Graduate School of Business Administration University of Virginia Working Paper No. 01-02 A Stakeholder Approach to Strategic Management R. Edward Freeman John McVea This paper can be downloaded without charge from the Social Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection at: http://papers.ssrn.com/paper.taf?abstract_id=263511 A Stakeholder Approach to Strategic Management R. Edward Freeman And John McVea The Darden School University of Virginia Forthcoming in M. Hitt
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Darden Graduate School of Business Administration University of Virginia Working Paper No. 01-02 A Stakeholder Approach to Strategic Management R. Edward Freeman John McVea This paper can be downloaded without charge from the Social Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection at: http://papers.ssrn.com/paper.taf?abstract_id=263511 A Stakeholder Approach to Strategic Management R. Edward Freeman And John McVea The Darden School University of Virginia Forthcoming in M. Hitt
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Anthropology Lecture 1 introduction Common Misconceptions with Drugs . The effect of a drug is caused solely by its pharmacological properties and effects. . Some drugs are instantly addictive . The gateway/ stepping stone theory - the use of 1 drug leads to the use of other more dangerous drugs What are drugs ? Krivanek's definition : Drugs are substances that are introduced into the body knowingly but not as food. Therefore illicit drugs, legal recreational drugs and legal
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