PRINCIPLES OF AUDITING The field of accounting offers its candidates several career choices from Tax Accountant, Payroll Accountant, CPA, and Forensic Accountant just to name a few. Most of the jobs require a Bachelors’ Degree from an accredited university. Local accounting firms (AKA) public accounting firms provide services such as preparing taxes for business or personal, located within the city limits. The federal, state, and local taxes that are due from or to the business or individual
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further into the money he was handed. 2) (a) Independence in appearance is when the perception of the auditor-client relationship is impaired. Independence in mental attitude is a bit different because it deals with improper biases when auditing a company. The mind must be kept separate from any preconceived notions or biases that you may have. (b) The Code of Professional Conduct does address the personal client relationships because it is very important to understand the auditor-client
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was a direct response to corporate scandals, such as WorldCom, Enron and Tyco who covered up or misrepresented questionable transactions. The scandals resulted in large losses including the closure of Enron and Arthur Anderson. This act applies to all US public companies as well as international companies that have “registered equity or debt securities with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the accounting firms that provide auditing services to them”. (Sarbanes-Oxley Essential Information)
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Internal Audit Internal auditing is a self-governing, objective assurance and consulting movement designed to add value and advance an organization's operations. The main objective of the internal audit activity is to determine whether the organization/company’s network of risk management, control, and governance processes, as designed and represented by the management, is adequate and functioning in a manner to ensure: risks are identified and managed, objectives are achieved, and compliance with
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Q1 a) The earnings (net income) are considered as the most critical financial figure in the financial statements as it indicates the profitability of the company. All benefits for shareholders including both the capital gains and dividends are closely related with the earnings. In other words, the performance of the company and the management can be largely evaluated by the earnings figure. Due to the importance of earnings, it is not surprising the management is keen to improve the figure via
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WorldCom 1. a. Estimated Future Line Costs (L) XXX Line Cost Expense (E) XXX b. Line Cost Expense (E) XXX Estimated Future Line Costs (L) XXX Cash (A) XXX c. The fundamental
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of the 21st century there were a lot of problems with the financial marketplace. The world saw numerous multinational companies acting unethically and cheating their accounting systems in order to exploit the investor community. Companies such as WorldCom, Tyco, and Enron were involved in some of largest financial scandals in human history. In the investor community there was in chaos as investors began to lose confidence in the financial statement being released by companies. The government had to
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Introduction WorldCom is a telecommunications company which was lead by CEO, Bernard Ebbers and CFO, Scott Sullivan. In 1999, WorldCom was not melting Wall Street’s revenue and earnings expectations, and it appeared that the coming year would produce more bad news. The CFO argued for setting realistic targets. However the CEO insisted that the company needed double digit growth, and pushed for aggressive targets. These aggressive targets were not supported by historical data or strategic assessments
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but a huge sigh of relief for those that had the most to lose at the hands of fraud and illegal activity. Sarbanes-Oxley wasn’t something set into motion for little reason. The emerging scandals of huge corporations such as Enron, Tyco, ImClone, WorldCom, and others in the early years of the 21st century prompted Congress to pass the much needed reform (Bumgardner, 2003). It was something that could have prevented the decline of the stock market, at least at that time, had it already been in place
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I do feel that Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was the right reaction to the accounting scandals associated with Enron and Worldcom and in light of 2008-2009 accounting scandals. I feel that think that Sarbanes Oxley has been effective in establishing a solid set of boundaries and expectations pertaining to corporate lawyers regarding ethical standards. Regulations have been instilled to establish protection for both businesses and the public in regards to unethical practitioners (Salem, 2003). Risk can
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