...explore and get the parent to pay attention. If the world is not responsive to the baby’s needs, s/he develops a sense of mistrust. Some mistrust is useful, as complete naiveté or gullibility puts a person at risk. In a healthy resolution, there is more trust than mistrust however, allowing the person to connect with others and trust them. * The virtue developed is Hope. 2. Autonomy vs. shame, doubt * During the second year of life the toddler develops a sense of autonomy and self control, due in part to toilet training and motor development, walking and climbing. The psychological issue is broader, though, including the concepts of holding on and letting go. Adults that support toddlers’ exploration and protect them from their vulnerability build in a sense of personal control. Those who are over-protected or shamed by their experiences or parents’ discipline develop a sense of doubt in their efforts at independence. Autonomy should prevail in a healthy development, but some shame and doubt enable moral development and safety awareness. * The virtue developed is Will. 3. Initiative vs. guilt * From 4 – 5 years old children learn what kind of person to be, based on identification with parents (Freud’s Oedipal complex and gender identity development) Children are interested in sexuality and sex differences and are developing a conscience (superego). They are curious and...
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...ACT for Youth Center of Excellence A collaboration of Cornell University, University of Rochester, and New York State Center for School Safety ACT for (Trans) Youth, Part 1 March 2008 Growing Up Transgender: Research and Theory by Seth T. Pardo As transgender identities become increasingly visible, those who work with and those who love trans youth seek resources to understand what it means to grow up “trans.” With little to guide us, adults may fall back on outdated theories or confuse transgender and gay identities. This article offers an introduction to current research and theory behind transgender identity formation, and suggests a framework for understanding gender that moves beyond a rigid binary system. Part two of this series will focus on moving from risk to resilience with trans youth. Gender is one of the few characteristics we are conditioned to see as a binary construct; height, weight, IQ, and hair length, for example, are all perceived along continuums. Also, because Western society is deeply rooted in the notion that there are only two sexes, our language keeps us trapped in a binary discourse about gender. At birth we are named and identified by our external sexual (genital) features; soon after, we develop sexspecific behaviors or gender roles based on our social experiences as males and females. But sometimes a child demonstrates cross-gendered behaviors, or thinks s/he should have been born (or even is) the opposite sex. Cross-gender identification...
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...conflict in each stage. The resolution of each conflict creates a new emerging part of total personality. The person must move through the 8 stages and resolve the conflict in order to achieve a healthy Personality. Erikson suggests that each individual must learn how to hold both extremes of each specific life stage challenge in tension or the other Only when both extremes in life stage challenge are understood and accepted as required and useful 12- 18 years old comes in stage 5 according to Erikson which is : identity vs. role confusion Teenager seeks to answer questions such as: who am I? Where do I fit in? Where am I going in life? If parents allow their children to explore, they will find their own identity. If parents force their child to conform to their view the child will have an identity crisis Erikson’s view of this stage was to define a sense of self identity Identity incorporating parent’s culture and roles, also embracing teenager’s uniqueness and society’s current offering. The transition from childhood to adulthood is most important. Children are becoming more independent and begin to look at the future in terms of career, relationship, families and housing. The individual want to belong to a society and fit in This is a major stage of development where the child has to learn the roles he will occupy as an adult It’s during this stage the individuals try to find out exactly who he or she is. Erikson suggested that two identities are involves: the sexual and...
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...Conflict Resolution and Peacemaking PSY/400 February 20, 2012 Jodi Clarke Conflict Resolution and Peacemaking People do and say what they think according to their identity. As individuals, needs, goals, principles, and ethics drastically vary from one person to another. Inevitably when two or more people or groups interact, the individual needs, and goals may vary creating conflict. Although every person in an independent nation possesses freedom of expression, sensitive issues, and controversial topics surface creating the need for conflict resolution and peacemaking. Conflict within a group or among individuals normally results from an individual’s feeling of wrongdoing directed toward him or her, or over the pursuit of self-interests. Conflict results from incompatibility of activity or ambitions. Social parties become involved in conflicting situations when intelligently seeking self-interest and eventually apprehended in a commonly detrimental manner of conducting oneself. Society attempts to prevent conflict with implementing laws and guidelines that controls and regulates the egotistic behaviors and needs of individuals and groups (Myers, 2010). Public schools experiences conflict with a large variety of issues, which delivers a huge impact on societies across the nation. One conflict that exists includes bullying and peer pressure among children in school. The conflict has an impact on the students, parents, and society, and the results may leave severe consequences...
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...personality development. His two major contributions to psychodynamic thought include a reappraisal of the ego and an extended view of developmental stages. The New Ego Erik Erikson believed that the ego Freud described was far more than just a mediator between the superego and the id. He saw the ego as a positive driving force in human development and personality. As such, he believed the ego's main job was to establish and maintain a sense of identity. A person with a strong sense of identity is one who knows where he is in life, has accepted this positions and has workable goals for change and growth. He has a sense of uniqueness while also having a sense of belonging and wholeness. Those who have weaker egos, encounter trying times, or who have poorly developed egos get trapped in what is termed an identity crisis. According to Erikson, an identity crisis is a time in a person's life when they lack direction, feel unproductive, and do not feel a strong sense of identity. He believed that we all have identity crises at one time or another in our lives and that these...
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...safe environment before change can occur. Reality therapy is a flexible, friendly, and firm approach to working with clients, it is also action oriented. It emphasizes the fulfilment of psychological needs, the resolution of personal difficulties, and the prevention of future problems (Gladding, 2005). Reality Therapy View Of Human Nature/Personality Gladding said that Glasser maintained that people act on a conscious level and that they are not driven by instincts and the unconscious. Glasser believes that there is a health/ growth forces in every person that seeks both physical and psychological health/ growth. Physically, there is the need to obtain and use life-sustaining necessities such as food, water, and shelter. According to Glasser, human behaviour was once controlled by physical need for survival. He associates behaviours such as breathing, digesting, and sweating with physical or old-brain, needs because they are automatically controlled by the body. The four primaries psychological or new-brain needs include belonging, power, freedom and fun. (p.92) Associated with these psychological needs is the need for identity, that is, a psychologically healthy sense of self. Glasser believes that identity or a healthy sense of self is necessary. A success identity comes from...
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...Introduction The Waterview is one of the best places for many tourists to spend time on relaxing and enjoying the view of the Muskoka District area during the summers. The Waterview was a snack bar located on the waterfront property, and associated with a full-season resort in the Muskoka District of Northern Ontario. It served a pub-fair lunch, dinner menu, beverages and alcohol; and was only open during the summers. Moreover, there were countless lakes, shops, restaurants, and golf courses throughout the area that attracts millions of tourists come to visit annually. Thus, increasing the customer services and quality are very important in tourist industry at this area, in order to meet the high expectation and retain the customers. According to the case, The Waterview used to have a high reputation among the tourists. However, there is a continuously decreasing on the services quality and customer satisfaction due to the multiple changes of ownership in recent years. In this case, the major issue is the workplace conflict between the assistant operations manager – Rebecca Boddington and Waterview supervisor – Michael Welland. There are four particular incidents that pointed out in the content. Frist incident is Rebecca didn’t consulted and notified Michael there is a change of arrangement of his job before the opening of the snack bar. Second incident is Rebecca didn’t raise and adjust Michael’s wages as much as she promises him before the employment. Third incident is Rebecca...
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...Freud believed that humans went through a series of stages in psychosexual development. Passing through these stages required the id's impulses to be controlled and resolved by the ego. However if the impulses were not satisfactorily resolved then the lingering unconscious conflicts could lead to psychological problems in later life. In the Oral Stage (birth to 18 months) the child is focused on the mouth as a way of seeking pleasure because of its requirement for nursing. If the child's weaning is traumatic, in later life any unresolved conflicts may manifest as a preoccupation with oral activities such as smoking, drinking, eating or bite his or her nails or chew pencils and pens. The Anal Stage (18 months to three years) is a time in which pleasure is based on eliminating and retaining bowel movements and gaining control over them. In terms of conflicts during this stage, the end result can be an obsession with cleanliness, perfection, and control (anal retentive) or they may become messy and disorganized slobs (anal expulsive). During the Phallic Stage (ages three to six) the attention witches to the genitals as boys and girls learn that they are differences between the genders and become aware of the similarities and differences between them and their parents. Freud believed that during this stage boys develop unconscious sexual desires for their mothers and come to see their fathers as rivals for her attention and affection. He also believed that boys develop a fear...
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...officially formed until 1962. In 1915, Athabascan tribal Chiefs from throughout the Alaskan interior banded together to protect their Alaska Native land rights, an issue that propelled Alaska into statehood in 1959, and continues today. Tanana Chiefs Conference is organized as Dena’ Nena’ Henash or “Our Land Speaks”; an Alaska Native nonprofit corporation, charged with advancing Tribal self-determination and enhancing regional Native unity. TCC provides health and social services balancing traditional Athabascan and Alaska Native values with modern demands. Vision: Healthy, Strong, Unified Tribes Mission:...
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...William Hopper Mrs. Tsirgiotis Honors English IV 24 August 2015 What is Freedom? Freedom is the ability to think or perform without any restrictions other than the restrictions that are given at birth, but for some, those restrictions are not there. Although absolute freedom is the absence of jurisdiction, a restricted freedom is what people in most countries experience since birth, and since freedom is restricted to an extent, it allows for people to live securely in the hands of a country such as America. Restricted freedoms allow for others to safely secure an identity for themselves, and creates individuality. Even without the use of laws, morals still effect the decision making of others. With all of these definitions of freedom combined, it shapes into what we call freedom every day. Since birth, humans are raised on a multitude of morals that dictate their entire life, and these morals are what humans base their entire decision making on. Though most humans have the right to think whatever thoughts they choose, actions are typically restricted to a certain degree. It is morals that allow humans to live in a society that is typically free from fear and hatred, but other humans can have a different set of morals that tend to spread hatred in a society. Morals are what prevent most people from committing murder of thievery every day, although some choose to disregard morals and impose ill-will on others, which is way to be free from morals, but what prevents people...
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...1. [Google, 2014] Attachment and Relational Theories • Human attachments are universal & biologically based; serve to diminish isolation, fear, & distress • In order to thrive emotionally, infants need warm, intimate, continuous relationship with primary caregiver • Attachment figure’s sensitivity affects quality of attachment bond between infant & caregiver • Children who experience “secure base” with attachment figure explore the world with confidence & return to “safe haven” when comfort is needed • Both client & practitioner influence the relationship • The larger social & political contexts inevitably influence the working relationship • Change comes through a “two-person” approach with an emphasis on interaction & inter-subjectivity • Change emphasizes “the relational matrix” • Careful, deliberate, & timely disclosure is given by the practitioner when disclosure is relevant & needed • Attention is given to the “relational unconscious” which is “experientially familiar” • Awareness comes through “not knowing” and , instead, “wondering together” References: • Psychodynamic Presentation. (2014). Retrieved from http://ncsss.cua.edu/res/docs/field/PsychodynamicHBSE.pdf • Cherry, K. (2014). Psychology Center. Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/psychologystudyguides/a/personalitysg_3.htm • Google. (2014). Retrieved from https://www.google.com/search?q=psychodynamic+theories&rlz=1T4RNVL_enUS574US575&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=chU_...
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...HOMOSEXUALITY AND CHRISTIANITY 3 Working Outline I. The term homosexuality is frequently use to describe both orientation and behavior. (Main idea). A. People often use the terms sexual identity and sexual orientation interchangeably. 1. Sexual identity relates to individual expression of feelings. whether heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual involved in the metabolic processes of the brain and body. a. Heterosexual feelings involve an emotional and/or a physical attraction to the opposite sex. b. Homosexual feelings involve an emotional and/or a physical attraction to the same sex. c. Bisexual feelings involve an emotional and/or a physical attraction to same and opposite sex. 2. Sexual orientation describes the direction and focus of sexual and emotional attractions experienced by a person. a. Sexual direction and focus b. Emotional attraction and focus B. Many myths surrounding homosexuality exist and they need to be corrected. Here are five essential myths (First subordinate idea). 1. Perhaps the most destructive is the beliefs that homosexuals are child molesters. a. A homosexual can molest a child. b. A heterosexual can molest a chld. 2. The belief that homosexuals are promiscuous and incapable of long-term committed monogamous relationships. c. This is a general statement that shows no knowledge of this particular population...
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...order for any organizations to work smoothly (Schermerhorn, 2010). However, there are times where the lines are blurred due to various reasons. Sometimes, relationships, beliefs and principles come into play when the time comes for one to make certain decisions. This scenario is called an ethical dilemma whereby individuals are forced to weigh the right and wrong of their actions (Westerholm, Nilstun, & Øvretveit, 2004). Therefore, this paper is going to examine the ethical dilemma that can happen in a workplace and try to find the appropriate resolution to this conflict based on ethical theories. To answer this question, this essay will, firstly, describe a work situation at my previous employment that has posed an ethical dilemma for me. Later, this essay will look at the resolution, if any, that has taken place to solve the dilemma. Finally, by using the Utilitarianism theory, this paper is going to analyze and assess whether the resolution is ethical. Description of a work situation with an ethical dilemma At my previous employment, I have worked as a technical communicator for a major health organization. My task is to develop a new software system acting as a database that will gather all the necessary records from hospitals, clinics, health maintenance organizations, laboratories and physicians around my area. These records that contained personal information about the patients are highly confidential and private in nature. Revealing some of this classified information...
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...Twelve Angry Men Eric Schoon Concordia University-Saint Paul Twelve Angry Men I. Introduction Twelve Angry Men is set in a New York City court of law jury room in 1957. The movie opens to the empty jury room, and the judge’s voice is heard giving a set of final instructions to the jurors (Reginald Rose, Twelve Angry Men Study Guide).Twelve men with diverse backgrounds are confined in a room and are unable to leave until they can reach a unanimous decision, one which will either condemn a young man to death or set him free. The twelve strangers are bound to each other until the goal is achieved. The scene is composed of two rather small rooms, one with windows that overlook the downtown area and the second room is a restroom. It seems that the deliberation takes place in the summer; humidity and the room’s stuffiness, due to the lack of air conditioning and a sporadically working fan, add to the undue stress of their task. This paper will discuss the different elements of group dynamics and how they relate to group cohesion and their effectiveness. II. Relational characteristics of group dynamics Group formation Levi, (2011) states to become more effective, teams should address several issues when first formed. First the team should socialize new members into the group. This socialization process assimilates new members while accommodating their individual...
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... Early and Middle Adulthood The person must learn how to form intimate relationships, both in friendship and love. The development of this skill relies on the resolution of other stages. It may be hard to establish intimacy if one has not developed trust or a sense of identity. If this skill is not learned the alternative is alienation, isolation, a fear of commitment, and the inability to depend on others. Early adulthood you experience freedom and mistakes due to you becoming a young adult or somewhat anxious to get away from mom and dad. Some young adult are very careless with relationships as well as sexual acts too, which would change everything meaningless and unprotected sex usually ends up pregnancy. The intimacy comes in later adolescence and is marked by the teen's ability to sustain a relationship in which self-fulfillment is balanced with the desire to satisfy another's needs. Such a relationship is characterized by the ability to combine affection, sexuality, and friendship all in one. One can maintain a strong attachment to another without the fear of being absorbed by the other person. Closeness can grow and be fostered even in the face of differences and conflicts. The process of forming an identity and of being able to engage in intimate relationships gets started in early adolescence, although the initial steps are somewhat unwieldy as development during this time is very uneven...
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