...as transferring data from one computer to another) 1.2 Mobile ad hoc network(MANET) A MANET is an autonomous collection of mobile users that communicate over relatively bandwidth constrained wireless links. Since the nodes are mobile, the network topology may change rapidly and unpredictably over time. The network is decentralized, where all network activity including discovering the topology and delivering messages must be executed by the node themselves, i.e., routing functionality will be incorporated into mobile nodes. In other words, MANET is a type of ad hoc network that can change locations and configure itself on the fly. Because MANETS are mobile, they use wireless connections to connect to various networks. This can be a standard Wi-Fi connection, or another medium, such as a cellular or satellite transmission. Literature Survey 2.2 Analysis of research Paper TITLE OF PAPER | AUTHORS | YEAR Of PUBLICATION | PUBLISHING DETAILS | WEB LINK | | | | | | Feasibility of an Aeronautical Mobile Ad HocNetwork Over the North Atlantic Corridor | Daniel Medina, Felix Hoffmann, Serkan Ayaz, Carl-Herbert Rokitansky | 2008 | IEEE | http://hondo.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/lehre/seminar/adhoc-w08/papers/aeroManet-dlr.pdf | SUMMARY | GENERAL | WEAK POINTS | STRONG POINTS | It...
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...Interpersonal relationship is a complex link between two or more people. The link bonds diverse people together and form two units-circles, an inner circle and an outer circle. The people in the inner circle are those family members, relatives and friends who can connect very easily with strong ties. Individuals have different ways to approach relationships. Givers and takers are the most common people, and they approach relationships differently. Even though givers and takers have a same strong social network, givers always have one indivisible advantage than the takers, “weak ties”. The “weak ties” are widely connections with outer circle’s people who are classmates, strangers and friends who people less to communicate and interact. Since the...
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...constitution doesn't work as it should do. There are many strengths and weaknesses within the constitution. Due to the UK constitution being uncodified, it brings the strength of it being flexible meaning it can change or adapt due to changing circumstances. Another strenght is that it is really democratic meaning that we as a society are included in the law changing. Effective government is also a strength because it means that decisions and laws are made quickly, and also the history of the constitution is the strength as it links the present generations to the past generations. However, there are also weaknesses of the constitution, including uncertainity as it is sometimes hard to know what the constitution says. Elective dictatorship and the centralisation are also a weaknes because people argue that too much power is centralised into the PM (Prime minister) and the cabinet. This brings us to the weak right protection as the constitution is provided with weak protection for laws and rights. I will now talk about this in more detail. UK's constitution is uncodified, meaning that it is not written down in a single document, unlike US's which makes it harder for them to change any laws or rights. Therefore, the strength of the UK constitution is that it is flexible, meaning that government is not limited with their ability to change governing arrangements by having to go through lengthy procedures. Flexibility within the constitution means that it is able to respond quickly and...
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...and Politics 6GP02 Governing the UK Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications Edexcel and BTEC qualifications come from Pearson, the world’s leading learning company. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further information visit our qualifications websites at www.edexcel.com or www.btec.co.uk for our BTEC qualifications. Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the details on our contact us page at www.edexcel.com/contactus. If you have any subject specific questions about this specification that require the help of a subject specialist, you can speak directly to the subject team at Pearson. Their contact details can be found on this link: www.edexcel.com/teachingservices. You can also use our online Ask the Expert service at www.edexcel.com/ask. You will need an Edexcel username and password to access this service. Pearson: helping people progress, everywhere Our aim is to help everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all kinds of people, wherever they are in the world. We’ve been involved in education for over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries, in 100 languages, we have built an international reputation for our commitment to high standards and raising achievement through innovation in education. Find out more about how we can help you and your students at: www.pearson.com/uk Summer 2013 Publications...
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...Rebuttal to Michael Craig's "Weak Nations' Pose Greatest Threat" On April of 2009, Michael Kraig, director of Policy Analysis and Dialogue at the Stanley Foundation in Muscatine, Iowa, released a controversial article titled, “Weak Nations Pose Greatest Threat”, instigated by a pirating off the coast of Somalia. Kraig furthers in his article that the world is undergoing a dramatic ideological, political, international and economic transformation. Kraig claims that the United States’ new political and economic “threats” stem from a new source; failed states such as Somalia, Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, and Nigeria, as opposed to conventional superpowers such as Russia, China, Japan, or the former Soviet Union. Kraig backs his claim by citing multiple civil conflicts that indirectly effect oil prices and our economic way of life in addition to the threat of small arms and a future attack on the homeland. Initially, it is noticed that Michael Kraig has numerous fallacies in his argument that failed states pose a greater threat to the U.S. than stable nations, for one he doesn’t recognize that the threats he cites can be traced to stable nations. Many of the nations Kraig cites, including terrorist organizations are funded and supplied by Russia and China. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Russia and China sell arms to every single nation the United States labels as a “Rogue State” or “State Sponsor of Terrorism”. Furthermore, the Congressional...
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...should be noted that our methodology manages the emulation of replication. Given the current status of real-time modalities, systems engineers daringly desire the simulation of courseware. The deployment of B-trees would profoundly improve voice-over-IP. We demonstrate not only that the foremost homogeneous algorithm for the simulation of superblocks is in Co-NP, but that the same is true for hierarchical databases. We emphasize that Weak should be analyzed to store e-business. It should be noted that our application observes the unproven unification of the partition table and massive multiplayer online role-playing games [6,13]. Contrarily, this approach is often considered private. Combined with compilers, this technique develops new linear-time technology. Our main contributions are as follows. Primarily, we concentrate our efforts on disconfirming that the acclaimed homogeneous algorithm for the understanding of interrupts by L. Maruyama et al. is recursively enumerable. Second, we introduce a system for the synthesis of the Ethernet (Weak), validating that digital-to-analog converters can be made constant-time, autonomous, and knowledge-based. Furthermore, we demonstrate that 802.11 mesh networks and virtual machines can interact to realize this intent. In the end, we argue that although simulated annealing and A* search are always incompatible, expert systems and redundancy [14] can agree to accomplish this objective. The rest of this paper is organized as follows...
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...article is entitled ‘Small Change : Why the revolution will not tweeted’. The article is giving criticism in principle about the social media disseminator’s ideas that social media such as facebook and tweeter will bring enormous changes on social activities and movements. His article provides us with amount of food for thought about what is behaviorism and social movement in the age of social media and what is relations between social media and social movements. Of course, there would be a sharp division of opinions between those who approve and disapprove. He argues that it is impossible to reform the society radically by social media such as tweeter and facebook based on weak ties. And he pointed out the limit of ordinary unimportance of weak ties. It means, in spite of extensivity and quantitative expansion of weak ties, it does not have materiality of solidarity showing in the 1960s’ a civil rights movement. And he’s opinion is that the connection of information is different with the solidarity of people. A movement, which goes along with human body, makes people blood boil and heat them up, unlike when they are absorbing information by using their brain cells. It is hard to banish the lingering and regret about that kind of activities same as me. Obviously, 1980s’ movements were based on place and material. Korean 70-80s’ movements were the same. It was not a movement that click and connect the information by using fingers, read the article that is retweeted, judge just by...
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...United Kingdom ABSTRACT In sociolinguistics, approaches that use the variables of socioeconomic class and social network have often been thought to be irreconcilable. In this article, we explore the connection between these variables and suggest the outlines of a model that can integrate them in a coherent way. This depends on linking a consensus-based microlevel of network with a conflict-based macrolevel of social class. We suggest interpretations of certain sociolinguistic findings, citing detailed evidence from research in Northern Ireland and Philadelphia, which emphasize the need for acknowledging the importance of looseknit network ties in facilitating linguistic innovations. We then propose that the link between network and class can be made via the notion of weak network ties using the process-based model of the macrolevel suggested by Thomas Hejrup's theory of life-modes. (Sociolinguistics, sociology, quantitative social dialectology, anthropological linguistics) One of the most important contributions of Labov's quantitative paradigm has been to allow us to examine systematically and accountably the relationship between language variation and speaker variables such as sex, ethnicity, social network, and - most importantly perhaps - social class. Language variation in large and linguistically heterogeneous cities as well as in smaller communities has been revealed not as chaotic but as socially regular, and Labov and others have shown how investigating this socially...
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...There are many low to no cost solutions to help improve security. As stated prior in the textbook, most solutions typically require more time than money. Unfortunately, some schools do not think this and worry about how much it will cost. Thinking of the costs, some do not prioritize school security as much as, say, technology. However, there are some clever tricks in diverting the costs. One such no cost solution is diversifying fire, active shooter, tornado, etc. drills. Such examples in diversifying include conducting “…lockdown drills during nontraditional times…pull a couple of students out of line during fire drills to see how much time passes before someone notices they are missing…lock down one section of your school…” (Trump, 2011,...
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...Conduct a brief Porter Five Forces analysis of the industry (limit yourselves to 3 - 4 bullet points per element). How would you describe the dynamics of the industry? The bargaining power of buyers is weak. Wal-Mart is a big retailer that has the low price. Customers usually make small purchases, and most of them are individuals. Moreover, as the article mentioned, Wal-Mart stores were relatively concentrated in small towns and rural areas where it was more likely to be the only "big box". As a result, there are no other firms for them to contrast so that they have a low bargaining power. The bargaining power of suppliers is weak. There are large populations of suppliers so that the competition among them is tough. Besides, products have a lot of substitutes. Almost all the products are not critical for Wal-Mart so that Wal-Mart have many choices. Otherwise, Wal-Mart built partnerships with suppliers by sharing information electronically. All of the suppliers are required to use Retail Link. The intensity of rivalry among competitors is weak. Although there are many competitors of different sizes firm in the market, like K-Mart, Target and some convenient stores, Wal-Mart offered more variety than competitors and reduced stock-outs by managing product assortment by store rather than region. Besides, the biggest advantage of Wal-Mart is the low price. Wal-Mart’s store managers were allowed to match the lowest competing price on an item in their trading are by as much as...
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...have Internet access, download the following files and place them in the C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Local Settings\Application Data\Microsoft\MBSA\2.0\Cache\ directory on the computer that is performing the scan. 2) Scan computers Run MBSA and clear the Check for security updates check box when performing the scan. Using the Graphical Interface Tool The following procedure describes how to use the MBSA GUI tool. To use the MBSA GUI tool to scan for updates and patches 1. On the Programs menu, click Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer. 2. Click Scan a computer. 3. Make sure that the following options are not selected, and then click Start scan. * Check for Windows administrative vulnerabilities * Check for weak passwords * Check for IIS administrative vulnerabilities * Check for SQL administrative vulnerabilities Using the Graphical Interface Tool 1. On the Programs menu, click Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer. 2. Click Scan a computer. 3. Make sure that the following options are not selected, and then click Start scan. * Check for...
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...have Internet access, download the following files and place them in the C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Local Settings\Application Data\Microsoft\MBSA\2.0\Cache\ directory on the computer that is performing the scan. 2) Scan computers Run MBSA and clear the Check for security updates check box when performing the scan. Using the Graphical Interface Tool The following procedure describes how to use the MBSA GUI tool. To use the MBSA GUI tool to scan for updates and patches 1. On the Programs menu, click Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer. 2. Click Scan a computer. 3. Make sure that the following options are not selected, and then click Start scan. * Check for Windows administrative vulnerabilities * Check for weak passwords * Check for IIS administrative vulnerabilities * Check for SQL administrative vulnerabilities Using the Graphical Interface Tool 1. On the Programs menu, click Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer. 2. Click Scan a computer. 3. Make sure that the following options are not selected, and then click Start scan....
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...Proportional representation is a form of voting system, where the amount of votes gained by a party are proportional to the number of seats they gain in the House of Commons. There are four types of proportional systems which are: Additional member system, Single transferable vote system, party list and also supplementary vote. AMS is used for elections to the Scottish parliament, welsh assembly, northern Ireland assembly and even the greater London assembly, in fact it is the second most substantial voting system in the UK. STV has been used for local elections in Northern Ireland since 1973 and is also the system that elected the Northern Ireland Assembly ever since it was used for this purpose in 1998. There are two types of party list which are closed list and open list. Open list is where the electorate pick candidates from a list given to them by each of the parties and then an individual candidate is elected due to them having the popular vote. Closed list is where the electorate votes for a party and then the list as a whole. The candidates are then elected depending on the order they look on the list, this is done until all seats are filled. SV is where there are two columns on the ballot form, the electorate has two fill in two parts to this piece of paper – first they will have to mark their first choice and then mark their seconds choice with an ‘x’, however they are not required to make a second choice if they do not want to. Proportional representation tends to...
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...accounting performance on financial statement (Gulen & Rau, 2009). This essay supports that executive pay may have no significant influence on company performance, because there are some ways that managers can decouple their payments from performance, and this essay will investigate these possible underlying reasons. There are studies examine the relationship between the pay policy and performance, and the results do not support the hypothesis that there is significant link between payment and performance. Kubo (2005) examined this link by investigate a group of Japanese companies and the result showed that companies with high pay-performance sensitivity did not get better performance. Gulen and Rau’s (2009) study on incentive pay also suggested that managerial compensation components such as restricted stock, options and long-term incentive payouts, that are meant to align managerial interests with shareholder value, do not necessarily translate into higher future performance. The reasons for this weak link may be quite complex and here are some possible explanations. By reaching contractual agreements, managers can completely decouple their payments from performance. A CEO may can use his reputation or influence to get higher payment through contract with the firm. In this way, the CEO’s payment is guaranteed, then, to some extent,...
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...TO: Mrs. Sabine Turnley FROM: Team 5 (Jamie Briscoe, Bradley Veenendaal, Jessica Kolb, Rebecca Christie, Kody Lynn) SUBJ: Sara Lee Corporation in 2011: Has Its Retrenchment Strategy Been Successful? EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: In 2005, Sara Lee placed a strategic plan in action to transform the business into a more tightly focused food, beverage and household products company. This involved the divestiture of weak-performing business and product categories, which included eight business units. Although the divestiture would decrease Sara Lee’s revenues, it was believed that concentrating their financial and managerial resources on a smaller number of business units would be beneficial. Sara Lee struggled at the beginning of the retrenchment strategy but has been progressing upward in the last couple of years. ANALYSIS: Strategy Analysis Sara Lee’s corporate strategy was to transform the company into a more tightly focused company by focusing on their food, beverage, and household products. In order to accomplish this, Sara Lee planned to divest their weak performing business units and product categories which accounted for $7.2 billion in sales. Although the divestitures would decrease Sara Lee’s revenues from $19.3 billion to $12.3 billion, they believed it would be better to concentrate on its financial and managerial resources on a smaller number of business segments. These smaller number business segments had prospective markets and were well positioned. After...
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