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Abrahamic Religions

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JUDENDOM, KRISTENDOM OCH ISLAM
JUDENDOMEN Judarnas gudsbild: GUD ÄR PERSONLIG OCH MÄNNISKAN STÅR I RELATION TILL HONOM - EN RELATION SOM SKA KÄNNETECKNAS AV KÄRLEK - VISAS GENOM ATT GÖRA GUDS VILJA. Gud är skaparen till allt och hans skapelse är god. Man uppfattar Gud genom hans verk i naturen och historien. Han har omsorg men kan straffa och förlåta. Det onda ses som något Gud skapat och inte något vid sidan av. Vem är Jude? Man är antingen född av en judisk mor, eller har minst en judisk förälder samt en judisk uppfostran i form av skola eller liknande. Konverterat till judendomen
. Vem var Abraham och Moses? Abraham “Trons fader”: är stamfar för judar, muslimer och kristna. Abraham har gett upphov till folket och är en anhängare av religionerna. Abraham representerar TRO, och Gud förklarade honom rättfärdig pågrund av hans starka tro till Gud. Mose: Hade också en tro till Gud men hans uppdrag var att föra israeliterna ut ur slaveriet i Egypten till Kanaans land.
Judendomens heliga texter: Tanach - består av 3 delar. - Tora (de fem moseböckerna), Neviim (profeterna) och Ketuvim (de heliga skrifterna) Vad innebär den judiska messiasförväntningen? Messias (den smorde) är en efterlängtan för alla judar då de sägs att en ny värld ska ges till de rättfärdiga under domens dag då Gud ska hålla människorna över världen genom att belöna och straffa. Judarnas historia i korthet: Abraham utvandrade och lovades att bli stamfader åt ett stort folk. Hagar och hans fru föder sonen Ismael, stamfader av araber och muslimer. Sara (också Hagars fru) föder sonen Isak - judarnas andra patriak Hungersnöd i Kanaans land i Egypten, israeliterna utvandrade till Egypten. (andra moseboken - slavar i egypten) Alla nyfödda pojkar skulle dödas och Mose blev räddad av faraos dotter Mose dödar en slav och flyr till sinaiöknen, och Gud befaller Mose att återvända till Egypten.
Varför firar judarna sabbat och hur går det till? Firas varje vecka från fredags solnedgång till lördag kväll då “tre stjärnor syns”. Inget arbete får utföras, och man får inte ha tillgång till ström. Man tänder ljus och läser en välsignelse (kvinnan) Man äter en festmåltid under fredagskvällen, man läser välsignelser över vinet. På lördagmorgon läser man ett avsnitt av Torah. Sabbat avslutas med en ceremoni (Havdalah)
Bakgrunden till det judiska påskfirandet: Gud dödar allt förstfött och israeliterna släpps fria- Därför firas påsken. Centrala begrepp: Tora (Lagen) - innehållande de fem moseböckerna. Historiska berättelser samt regler och bud. Shalom - hebreiskt ord som betyder “fred”, varierande innebörd som “hej” , “adjö”. Diaspora - När etniska grupper bor i andra länder som har för förföljts Progrum - förföljelse av Gudar Bar Mitzva - då en judisk pojke uppnår sin religiösa myndighetsålder, 13 år. Bat Mitzva - budets dotter, 12 års ålder. Man läser ett utdrag ur Torah, ofta de tio Guds bud. Rabbih- judisk förkunnare “min mästare”, undervisning i tros och rit frågor. Synagoga - judisk samlingslokal, tillbedjan & religiösa studier Kosher - Judarnas sätt att tillaga mat Tanach - Judarnas heliga skrift
KRISTENDOM Vad innehåller den kristna trosbekännelsen? Dvs vad tror kristna på? Den apostoliska trosbekännelsen: Paul (fd. Saul) , apostel missionär och nytestamentig författare. Han var en av dem som gav sin personliga version av Jesu liv, verksamhet, död och uppståndelse. Han lärde att tron på Jesus gjorde att Torahn (lagen) blev onödig för att nå frälsning.
Martin Luther - strävan att reformera den katolska kyrkan. Missnöjd med avlatshandel (att man kunde köpa sig från synd) Predikans betydelse var det viktigaste (inte ritualer) Man skulle inte lita på sina egna handlingar utan Guds nåd. Bakgrunden till kristna helger: Juldagen - som firas till minne av Jesu födelse Påsken - som firas till minne av Jesus död (långfredagen) och uppståndelse (påskdagen) Pingstdagen - som firas av den heliga andes utgjutande och den kristna församlingens “grundande”. Vad det nya testamentet innehåller och vad det handlar om: Evangelierna - handlar om vad Jesus sade och gjorde, hans liv, död och uppståndelse, apostlagärningarna, och uppenbarelseboken (Johannes uppenbarelse) Det centrala i bergspredikan från matteusenvangeliet kap 5-7 bergspredikan är det tal som Jesus enligt Matteus höll på ett berg i galileen, det är hans längsta tal. Jesu etiska undervisning av Matteus koncentrerad bergspredikan
ISLAM Vad betyder islam? Att underkasta sig och överlämna sig till den enda Guden och hans vilja. Att visa total lydnad, kärleksfullhet och villighet till Gud. ”Underkastelse för Guds vilja”. Vad tror muslimen på? Muslimen tror på att endast dyrka Gud (Allah) och att Gud skapat universum, och är den enda upprätthållaren och försörjaren. Och på domedagen ställs varje individ till svars för sina handlingar. Vem är Muhammed och vad gjorde han? Muhammed är enligt muslimer Guds (Allahs) sista profet. Han var Guds budbärare och att Guds tidigare uppenbarelser fulländas av honom och därmed utgör det sista budskapet till mänskligheten. Han jagades bort och flydde till grannstaden Medina pga folk som var rädda att förlora sina köpare till att be till Gudabilder. Han blev beskyddad och fick hjälp. Händelsen utspeladde sig år 622 e.Kr och utgör grunden för islams räkning.
Vad var Muhammeds budskap? Muhammeds budskap var att berätta för andra om uppenbarelsen som sedan blev nedskrivet som en helig skrift i Koranen. Muhammeds uppgift var att gå ut och berätta den enda sanna läran för människorna. Han kallade sin lära för islam som betyder ”underkastelse för Guds vilja” Det finns bara en Gud och Muhammed är hans sista profet.
Vad är koranen, när tillkom Koranen och vad innehåller den? Den viktigaste läropunkten i Koranen är strikt monoteism. Koranen är islams heliga skrift och består av profeten Muhammeds uppenbarelser och innehåller Allahs budskap, nedsänt till Muhammed genom ärkeängeln Jibril (Gabriel) från och med år 610 e.Kr. Koranen betecknas som ”sista testamentet”. Vad de fem pelarna i korthet innebär. Trosbekännelsen Shahadah – att bevittna/intyga. ”Det finns ingen Gud utom Gud och Muhammed är Guds sändebud”. Shiitiska: ”Det finns ingen gudom värdig att dyrka utom Gud och Muhammed är Hans sändebud. Ali är Hans älskade och utvalde och profetens efterträdare.” första pelaren Ramadan – Då en person avstår från mat och dryck under en månad för att rena sig själv och sitt andliga jag. Den nionde månaden av islamiska månåret är fastan. Fjärde pelaren Vallfärden – Den ultimata förlåtelsen för synder. Pilgrimsfärden görs i Mecka. Femte pelaren Bönen – Grundpelaren. Inspirerar människan till en strävan av en högre moral och att uppfylla sina plikter som muslim i enighet med Guds uppenbarelse i Koranen och profeten Muhammeds exemplar. Zakat – tredje pelaren. Utdela zakat = Att dela med sig av det man fått av Allah till de fattiga.
Moskéns betydelse. Moskén är platsen där man tillber och faller ner i dyrkan. Det visar människans ödmjukhet för skaparen. Att falla ned inför Gud är att visa att man lyder Honom och accepterar Hans överhöghet. Muslimer får inte buga sig för något eller någon förutom Allah. Vad är skillnaden mellan sunniter och shiiter? Sunni – betyder tradition och det menas att det inte bara är Koranen som ska följas utan även det som profeten Muhammed predikade. Ungefär 90 procent av alla muslimer är Sunni. Shia – betyder sekt eller grupp. Det beskrivs av verser i Koranen om hur Gud säger till sin profet Muhammed – att han inte har ansvar för de som splittrar sin religion med sekter. Länder – Libanon, Syrien, Irak

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