...the mutual interaction between cognitive behavioral and environmental dominants. People are affected by external forces although they can choose how to behave. Bandura further claims that one effect of observation of models can lead to the acquisitionof responses and to the change of frequency of behavior already learned. Social learning theory explains human behavior in terms of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive behavioral and environmental influences. Within the process of reciprocal determinism lies the opportunity for people to influence their destiny as well as the limits of self-direction. A direct and complex interaction may positive interactive reflection of a good relationship. It is clearly important that for any individual, a constructive environment may help to maximize his full potentials in dealing with future undertakings; the parents and significant others place more importance influencing the total-well-being of an individual. The child’s first place of contact with the world is the family. The child, as a result requires initial education and socialization from parents and other significant persons in the family. The parents are, in short, the child’s first teacher. They are the first and primary source of social support for young children. When parents are involved in the education of their...
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...105-20 14 April 2014 Annotated Bibliography Bouma, Donald H. “Children Who Grew Up in Fatherless Households Complete Fewer Years of Schooling Than Others.” Family Planning Prospective 20.3 (1988): 148-149. JStor. Web. 12 April 2014. Children who grow up in a fatherless home have a tendency to lose education. It surveys four groups: white men, white women, black men, and black women. White men lose education and then black men however white women lose more education than black women. Indicating the cause of this is because of the lack of financial resources. Being in a single parent home the parent will have to work hard to take care of the more important things. Some will not be the only child so it makes it harder for the parent. The child will have to use resources that are available that sometimes is not enough. Breivik, Kyree.; Olweus, Dan.; Endressen, Inger. “Does the Quality of Parent-Child Relationships Mediate the Increased Risk for Antisocial Behavior and Substance Use Among Adolescents in Single-Mother and Single-Father Families?” Journal of Divorce & Remarriage. 50.6 (2009): 400-426. Academic Search Premier. Web. 13 April 2014. Children in a single parent are at a risk of antisocial behavior. There are several perspectives that have been launched including, economic, parental absence, stress, family process, selection, and parental adjustment. A child will be anti-social because they do not want to express their emotions. They rather keep it inside while...
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...Paternal incarceration creates a temporary single-parenting system, in which the mother acts as sole guardian, but imprisonment tends to produce far worse effects on children than do other causes of parent-child separation (Lowenstein, 1986). Separation due to death or similar causes disrupt the family, yet these happen to provide a “focal concern around which the remaining members can rally and mitigate the impact of their loss”; quite to the contrary, separation due to imprisonment rarely elicits any such response because of the stigma with which it is associated (Fritsch & Burkhead, 1981, p. 84). Typically, a child faced with the social stigma of paternal incarceration will often also encounter embarrassment and shame, which may in turn further inhibit the ability of the child to adequately adjust to the anxieties resulting from the separation through incarceration (Hannon et al., 1984; Lowenstein, 1986). The deleterious effects on child behavior, of course, are that prolonged periods of shame and embarrassment may promote depression or behavior typical of withdrawal, such as an unwillingness to engage in social interactions. Unlike other causes for paternal separation, paternal absence due to imprisonment is a multi-dimensional phenomenon, which takes on different meaning depending on the manner in which the particular cause for the incarceration is perceived—either as being “normatively approved” or as “bearing a stigma” (Lowenstein, 1984). While there is a correlation...
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...were raised in families in which the father was the sole bread winner; the mother was not in the workforce, while the parents were married. The 1968 statistics is different to today’s society where only 20 % of the children live in households with the father as the as the full time worker while the mother tender the family chore (The Council of Economic Advisers, 2014). Today, children are raised by single parents who double as employees of the labor market. The challenges of integrating family and work life are part of the daily reality of single parents. The challenges are experienced across all the socioeconomic levels. Single parents on pay jobs have family responsibilities; however, their jobs are designed as if they lacked them. For a long time, work and family life have been interdependent. However, the increase in the employment of mothers , and increased family working hours, and the trend toward long working hours have made the independence more problematic and visible (Ballyn, Drago & Kochan, 2001). Background to the Problem Creating a balance between a full-time working schedule and parenting is a challenge that most single parents have to contend with in the course of their daily lives (Favero & Heath, 2012). It is important to note that most of these single parents happen to be mothers who don’t live with the fathers of their children for one reason or the other. The fact that they live alone means that they need to support their families without any help...
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...measuring a child’s learning ability. In a class, the teacher-student relationship is one of the most fundamental units in student’s learning. Learning in a system of group collaboration is one of the best ways in gaining knowledge. It is a teamwork which the framework relies on an individual learning from the others and others learning from that individual. When a student misses a day of school he/she must have lost the chance to hear others, interpret and analyzing the lessons or joins the interaction within the class. This lost is being rooted to two different courses and varying factors under these courses. The inquiry might be a family situation or an individual problem. Then, under these courses are the factors that contribute to a child’s regular truancy. These may be finance concerns, disability, psychotic imbalance, poor school climate, family health, transportation problems, drug and alcohol use, and differing community attitude towards education (Savers, D....
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...PARENTS’ SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS AND STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE. CHAPTER ONE Background to the Study It is an undebatable fact that the home is the fulcrum around which the early years of a child revolves. The central figures are the parents. While child-bearing and child-rearing cannot be divorced one from the other, the type of child-rearing practiced in a family has a tremendous impact on the entire life of the child including his or her academic life. Generally, the social climate or environment in which an individual finds him or her self to a large extent determines his or her behaviour and personality development. Consequently, parental guidance and discipline usually influence the behaviour of the children and at the apex of this parental influence is the mother. According to Olayinka and Omoegun (2001), the word "family" has its origin in the Latin word which could be translated to mean "domestic group". A domestic group is a group of people who habitually share a common dwelling and common food supply. According to Murdoch (1965) family is a social group characterized by common residence, economic, cooperation and reproduction; it includes adults of both sexes, at least two of who maintains a socially approved sexual relationship and one more children, own or adopted by the sexually cohabiting adult. The family provides for the physical maintenance of the child, offers him his first and most continuing social contracts, and gives him affection and other emotional...
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...affected when a divorce occurs. Divorces usually lead to separation of belongings (including children), absence of one parent during children’s growth, and destruction of the family unit. When a divorce is filed it means that a couple has reached a point in which they can not stand to be with each other. The ones who suffer the most in these cases are the products of the love the couple once had for each other: their children. After a divorce takes effect, each of the parent’s belongings are usually evenly divided. The things that can be easily divided include a house, car, and bank accounts. But, children are not things that we can sell or divide. For this reason, divorced couples fight in court for the custody of their children. Each parent has to present their case and demonstrate that he or she is the most capable parent to take care of the children. This includes economic, social, and other aspects of life. Once a judge decides who the children will stay with (usually the mother) the other parent will have no other choice but to limit himself to visitations to his or her children. Some might even be obliged to pay a monthly amount for child support. After custody is won by one of the parents, children will have to adjust to living with just that parent most of the time. Supposing the judge gives custody to the mother, the absence of a fatherly figure can lead to several effects on children’s life. Kids at school might tease them for not having a father that can defend them....
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...rate quadrupled between 1970 and 2010” (Goldstein). This essentially affects African Americans, as according to Leila Morsey, “For every 100,000 black men, more than 2,700 are imprisoned” (Morsy). While incarceration affects African Americans, it also as equally important, if not more with parents. The mass incarceration of parents impacts the influence on the children of those being detained. According to prevention researchers Jane Waldfogel and Elizabeth Johnson, the number of parents with children in prison had doubled, “Approximately 600,000 children had a parent in state...
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...surrounding the child has more effect on the child’s personality than the parents itself. One argument presented in the article is, “These findings imply strongly that there is very little impact of the physical environment that parents provide for children and very little impact of parental characteristics that must be essentially the same for all children in a family” (Harris). Meaning, parents characteristics have minimal effect on the characteristics or personality of their offspring. We do not have time for family that we used to. This only relates to young children transitioning into young adults. That is the peak time where kids get caught up with having an interactive social life and building a strong foundation for their future. Time to interact with parents is important, even though it is natural to drift from them to have a social life. Not only that, children raised in the same household for majority of their lives tend to be different from one another. I agree with the argument demonstrated in Judith Harris’ article and I strongly believe that it is all dependant upon the era we are living in. Children do not receive the same quality time or valuable life lessons from their parents as children from generations ago did. This falls under the fact that both the mother and father have to work long hours to provide a stable living for their family. Starting at a young age, kids are being dropped off at the daycare, rather than be cared by family and friends because they are...
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...Parental influence in sexual decisions of teens and adolescents. Parents can be one of the strongest influences in an adolescents’ life. Studies have shown that higher levels of parental involvement in their child’s life are linked with lower levels of delinquency, violent behavior, high school dropout and drug abuse as well as with higher levels of educational attainment (Moore & Zaff, 2002). For this study, we will look specifically at parental influence to reduce adolescent/teens decision to become sexually active at an early age. There are many reasons why this topic warrants deeper research. Early adolescent sexual experience is said to be lined with various risky behaviors, including unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (Kirby et. al, 2005, Ryan et. al, 2008). With huge emphasis placed on the role parents have in their children’s’ lives, it is conceivable that their impact can play a role in deferring teens/adolescents from engaging in sexual activities thus lessening the dangers that surround sexual promiscuity. It is also extremely critical to understand if parental involvement has a connection with the timing of a teen/adolescents initial sexual encounter. Child Trends analyzed the most recent data published from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1997). This cohort study attempted to investigate how parenting practices that happen before their adolescent/teen become sexually interested and active will affect their decision...
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...healthy home life with a healthy family which includes parents with a healthy marriage produces children with sociable attitudes and independent mindsets. However, a dysfunctional family with unhealthy habits or broken families with single parent households help produce delinquent children with anti-social personalities and anti-social behaviors.-The Families influence on delinquency According to no- fault divorce the rate of violent crime and burglary is related to the number of single parent households with children aged 12-20. – 1993 Journal of legal studies 2, 19 citing Douglas A. Smith. This study also showed that over 53% of inmates in a state correctional facility had grown up in a household without both parents. Absence of both parents in a home creates a hostile and aggressive home life for children.-Effects of formal and informal social control. Children of divorce parents are more prone to behavioral problems and susceptible to peer pressure because they long to fit in. –Family influence on delinquency. According to a study conducted by Sara McLanahan she found that children without their fathers typically do less well than children whom grow up with both parents.-Families influence on Delinquency Children with no father in the household typically find great difficulty keeping a job, they are much less likely to graduate from high school, and in most instances never attend College, also are more likely to become teen parents.- Family Influence of Delinquency ...
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...study Name: Instructor’s Name Course Title: Family Related Issues Date: Explain if it matters that a parent literally had nothing to do with a biological child in order for the child to take advantage of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) to care for that parent. According to laws formulated by the same idea, it should not matter; all the biological aspects should be purely entitled to the biological parents and in regard to (FMLA) family, medical leave act. If by any chance there exists evidence that the infant does not belong to either of the parents or in this case to one of the parent, the advantages provided by FMLA can be entitled to the biological parent. Explain whether the size of the business can have any effect on whether Tony is eligible for family leave under the FMLA. This can affect Toney’s eligibility, reasons being that constraints will have to be made on his absence. The company will have to find someone to replace tony, or rather they will have to make other employees go for overtime hours, and this is solemnly going to increase the expenses of the company. Thus Tony’s eligibility will be highly noticed under FMLA. Explain whether Herman can or cannot imply that if Tony takes a leave of absence under the FMLA, he may not have a job when he returns. Tony responsibilities must be fulfilled with or without his absence. The company must continue working and providing well to its consumer. This...
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...The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993 were established to assist employees with balancing work and personal life. The law was designed to give employees the assurance of not losing his or her job in the event one needed to take leave of absence to care for a family member or his or her own personal illness. The following report provides information about a scenario that occurred at Fade In-Interior Auto Dealership. First, this report explains if it matters that a parent literally having nothing to do with a biological child in order for the child to take advantage of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) to care for that parent. Second, this report will explain whether the size of the business can have any effect on whether an employee Tony who’s employed at Fade In-Interior Auto Dealership is eligible for family leave under the FMLA. Third, this report explains whether the owner Herman can or cannot imply that if Tony takes a leave of absence under the FMLA, he may not have a job when he returns. Fourthly, this report will describe who is covered by the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993. Lastly, this report will explain the extent to which an employee can make his or her own determination as to the eligibility of an employee under the Family and Medical Leave Act. Explain if mattes that a parent literally had nothing to do with a biological child in order for the child to take advantage of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) to care for that parent ...
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...Explain if it matters that a parent literally had nothing to do with a biological child in order for the child to take advantage of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) to care for that parent. If a parent did not have anything to do with their biological child it should not stop the child from being able to file for FMLA to care for the parent. Family and Medical Leave Act are there to help children, spouses, and or parents take care of their immediate family members. It should be up to the child to determine if they want to use FMLA to care for a parent or anyone else that can be claimed under the FMLA act even though they might not have a great relationship. As Tony stated in the video, “He is still my father”, which still gives him the right to do the right thing or he may feel obligated to still take care of his father even though his father did not help with raising him when he was younger. The decision to take care of a parent who may not have been there to help support the child should not be influence by the employer but the decision should solely be determined by the child. The decision for some may be well thought out and they may feel it is the best thing in their interest to take care of the family or may choose not to do anything. Some children may feel since their parent was not there for them then they will not help their parent out no matter what the situation is. The children may still have a grudge against their parent and feel strongly about how they...
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...Family Related Issues by Darryl Mitchell Professor Kenneth Pino Law, Ethics, and Corporate Governance – LEG 500 July 23, 2011 1. Explain if it matters that a parent literally had nothing to do with a biological child in order for the child to take advantage of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) to care for that parent. Whether a parent had nothing to do with a biological child have nothing to do with the child being eligible for FMLA to care for that parent and it shouldn’t matter. Regardless of the relationship between a parent and child, the child would fall under the FMLA and would be able to care for the parent. Under FMLA, an employee can care for a parent if they have a serious health issue. Even though the video never stated what the issue is, since the father will be having surgery that would fall under a reasonable explanation for the employee to take the leave. A parent can be either a biological parent or someone who stood in place of a parent in raising a child. It never states anything about the type of relationship a parent needs to have with the child. Since he is actually the biological child he would fall under the FMLA and would be able to care for the parent. 2. Explain whether the size of the business can have any effect on whether Tony is eligible for family leave under the FMLA. The size of the business can have an effect on whether Tony is eligible for family leave under the FMLA but not in the way Herman describes...
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