...The Concept of Adaption JoAnn Wade American InterContinental University Online December 9, 2013 The Concept of Adaption The first experiment that was performed was rubbing a finger gently over a piece of very coarse sandpaper a few times and rates its coarseness on a scale from 1 being very soft to 7 being very coarse. Then after a minute or two, rub the same finger over the paper and again rate its coarseness. The first time the perception rating was a 6 or a 7, very coarse. After a minute or two the same finger was rubbed along the sandpaper again. This time the rating was a 3 or a 4 softer than the first time. The reason for the rating scale to have lowered was that the finger had adapted to the coarseness of the sandpaper. It still felt the roughness of the paper but it was not as rough the second time. The second experiment was to prepare one cup of sugar water and one with fresh water. Take a sip of the sugar water and swish it around in your mouth for several seconds without swallowing it. Gradually, it should taste less sweet, dispose of the water. Taste the cup containing fresh water. With the sugar water your mouth became adapted to the taste of the sweetness. The second taste of the fresh water was a surprise because your mouth had become adapted to the sugar water and the fresh water was a sudden, different change. The third experiment was fill three medium-sized bowls as follows: bowl 1 with very hot tap water; bowl 2 with very cold tap water; bowl 3...
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...Sensory Adaptation SSCI206-1103A-17 Introduction Sensation is described as the stimulus of the receptors that our brain receives whenever we utilize any of our five senses such as hearing, seeing, smelling, tasting, or touching. Sensation travels through a process called transduction, which converts stimulation such as sight and sound, into electrochemical energy that can be processed by the nervous system (Davis & Palladino, 2010). Sensory adaptation occurs when the "continued presence of that same stimulus results in a loss of sensitivity" (Davis & Palladino, 2010). In order for the brain to continue to experience the stimulus, "a stronger stimulus is needed in order to activate the receptors" (Davis & Palladino, 2010). To test the experience of sensory adaptation, I conducted three experiments, which involved touch and taste. Experiment 1 In the first experiment, I take a piece of sandpaper and rub my index finger over it and rate it on a scale on one to seven, soft to coarse. The first time, the sandpaper felt very coarse, so I would rate it at a seven. Upon waiting a minute, I rubbed my finger over it again. The sandpaper did not feel as coarse the second time, so I would rate it about a four. I waited another minute, and rubbed it again, the sandpaper felt less coarse, I would rate it at about a three. It seemed that over time, my receptors became accustomed to the feeling and therefore, I started to adapt to the coarseness. Experiment...
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...Introduction Ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the Earth’s surface has increased significantly over the last 20 years from increased ozone depletion. UV radiation is a component of sunlight that is divided into three parts: UVA (320-400nm), UV-B (280-320nm) and UVC (less than 280nm) [25]. Wavelength determines the transmission of UV radiation through the Earth’s atmosphere. UVC is completely absorbed by the atmospheric gases; UV-B radiation is absorbed by ozone layer and only a small amount reaches the Earth’s surface while UVA radiation is hardly absorbed. The decreased UV-B-filtering capacity of the ozone layer due to pollutants like chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), methylbromide and halons has increased the amount of solar UV-B radiation that plant life is exposed to [2]. A thorough understanding of the UV-B radiation levels is especially important in agriculture as its effects on crop species is essential to design crops that can produce food and other raw materials for the increasing world population. Increased UV-B exposure has the potential to damage DNA, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disrupt cellular process in many plant species [10]. Specifically, the primary deleterious effects of increased UV-B occur on the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus and the reduction of photosynthetic genes. Damage to the thylakoid membrane and destruction of chlorophyll (Fig. 6) along with the decrease in the amount of photosynthesis are also attributed to over exposure...
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...Pimenta de Devotto, R. Adaption- Innovation Theory and Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory (KAI): contributions to collaborative problem solving. Rita Pimenta de Devotto “The process of collaborative problem solving needs to be better understood so that it can be applied more insightfully.” Kirton, 2003. SUMMARY This article aims to introduce Adaption-Innovation Theory (A-I) and the Kirton AdaptionInnovation Inventory (KAI) to readers not familiar with this subject. It will explain the origins of both, the theory and the psychometric instrument and give an overview of the core concepts of the theory. It will also discuss the contributions of A-I and KAI to management practice and explore its current use in organizations for improving team’s problem solving. Introduction In a world of complex and diverse problems, where change is constant, which is better: Adaption or Innovation? Following the current trend we probably should choose innovation betting it will solve most of the problems. However, accordingly to Kirton (2003), which is better depends on the problem-solving context. The current trend underplays adaption and ignores all creative solutions that come from “doing things better” (Kirton, 2003 p.55). Adaption-Innovation theory (A-I from now on) proposes that a diversity of problem solvers (“more adaptive” to “more innovative”) is required to solve a diversity of problems. Not only innovators are creative and capable of bring about change...
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...Introduction Many literary critics consider Mary Shelley's Frankenstein as one of the most impressive and imaginative Gothic horror novels of all times. In the novel, Shelley managed to create one of the most phenomenal creatures in literary history: Frankenstein monster. The epistolary style that the author employs allows the reader to view the circumstances from varied viewpoints and draw conclusions from the plot and the characters. The book The plot has a variety of story-lines rolled into one. The main however is about a Doctor Victor Frankenstein who though born to a well-to-do and loving family, is over- ambitious and thirsts to prove himself. After achieving excelling academically, he designs a technique of creating life from a fusion of inanimate objects, dead bodies an animal parts. The doctor is not satisfied with achieving conventional feats but is determined to create a living being. It is this ambition that leads to the creation after years of painstaking work. It is this creation that leads to Victor's downfall. The creation is 8 feat tall and due to the use of human parts that do not march his massive size, is hideous. He is described as having watery yellow eyes, a withered, yellowish, translucent skin which barely conceals his muscular system and blood vessels. The only good aspects of his appearance are his perfect, white teeth, long black hair and his black lips. The doctor, who had hoped to create a beautiful being is shocked by his creation...
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..."In A Streetcar Named Desire, Williams seeks to portray the nature and effects of sexuality." How effectively does the film capture this central concern? Elia Kazan’s 1951 film adaptation of Tennessee William’s 1947 play, A Streetcar Named Desire was forced to dilute the primary concern of sexuality to make it more suitable for a broader American audience. Due to anticipated and unanticipated interjections of the conservative Production Code Administration (PCA) of America, headed by strict Roman Catholic Joseph Breen, Kazan was not allowed to remain strictly faithful to William’s original portrayal of sexuality. Kazan instead employed creative cinematography solutions, to address Breen’s objections while at the same time, preserving the artistic integrity of the film. Yet due to these restraints, Kazan both succeeded and failed when seeking to replicate William’s complex portrayal of the nature and effects of sexuality. The film fails to demonstrate the manipulative potential of female sexuality; however Kazan accurately portrays raw, masculine sexuality. The film’s direction concerning the interaction of sexuality with religion is modified to line up with religious ideals and the film’s forced nebulousness on homosexuality changes the narrative’s overall portrayal of sexuality. The film is limited in its portrayal of women using their bodies to control men through sexuality. In the play, it is clear that Blanche wants to ‘make [Mitch] want [her],‘ not because Blanche...
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...original scores during the silent film era are adaption of classics, arrangements of popular tunes, and newly composed music. All three of these different types of music are present in The Birth of the Nation. Adaptions of classical works were used to build tension and set the tone for dramatic scenes. In lighter and more uplifting scenes, the use of arrangements of popular tunes is used to spark emotion and create a much lighter mood. The theme of this movie was created through the use of original newly composed music and reflects the development of the story. 2. 1. The three different types of music heard in original scores during the silent film era are adaption of classics, arrangements of popular tunes, and newly composed music. All three of these different types of music are present in The Birth of the Nation. Adaptions of classical works were used to build tension and set the tone for dramatic scenes. In lighter and more uplifting scenes, the use of arrangements of popular tunes is used to spark emotion and create a much lighter mood. The theme of this movie was created through the use of original newly composed music and reflects the development of the story. 2. 1. The three different types of music heard in original scores during the silent film era are adaption of classics, arrangements of popular tunes, and newly composed music. All three of these different types of music are present in The Birth of the Nation. Adaptions of classical works were used to build tension...
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...Sensory adaption the development by means of the brains comes to be a reduced amount of receptive to a specific stimulus this also occur when the sensory receptor change sensitivity to the stimulus (Board, 2011). The sensory adaption stands as a development that the sense has turn out to be not as much of a quick respond. With the perception on sensory adaption maybe that when you experience a definite scent, otherwise contact, and continually going on through it, that’s when you have a transformation. With adaption and the evident within the research, for the reason that the senses and sensitivity of contact has occurred to be transformed throughout every diverse stage in the experiments, meaning receptors within individuals fingers in addition to individuals sense of taste, is sure to stop thinking about that unique touch in addition to flavor. Although your mouth as well as your nose functions close together they are able to sense substances. Amongst them, they take in a variety of receptors that deliver the consumption for the awareness of flavor in addition to a scent. Human being is proficient on observing the changes within the scents of supplementary than 10,000 unusual substances. The receptors in support of these substances are delicate for the reason that they are not protected by skin and organs as the other senses are (Board, 2011).The best way to give a response for adaption on if it is vital on the point of view, is that you need to know the term on adaption. Adaption...
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...Assignment 2 Prof. Griffith 1. Why would Captain Mueller and his copilot sit in darkness for an extended period of time before taking off on a night flight? Be sure to describe in detail the parts of the eye and the processes involved that explain why this was a useful step for the pilot and copilot to take. * Captain Mueller and his copilot would sit in darkness before taking off on a night flight so their eyes would already be adjusted to the darkness. Adaption is defined as an adjustment in sensory capacity after prolonged exposure to unchanging stimuli. By shutting off the light before they take off, they would be changing their frame of reference. This is commonly referred to as dark adaption which is the phenomenon of adjusting to dim light after being in brighter light. The rate at which dark adaption occurs is a result of the change in the chemical composition of the rods and cones. The rods take 20-30 minutes to reach their maximum level, while cones reach their greatest level of adaption in just a few minutes. If this would have occurred, their pupil size would have changed. The size of the pupil opening depends on the amount of light in the environment. In a dimmer environment, the pupil opens to allow more light to enter. Although, wide-opened pupils have a harder time of discerning things. 2. Why would the mysterious object have first appeared to Mueller in his peripheral vision? * After the light travels through the pupil and lens, the image...
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...The Climate of the Tropical rain forest is very humid the amount rainfall each year is 90 inches. There is a lot of rain in the tropical rain forest because it is very hot and wet and is close to the equator. the average temperature is 77 degrees fahrenheit it never drops below 64 degrees. Geographical features of the rainforest. There are different layers of the rainforest the the first and the top one is Emergent ther you will find tall trees in umbrella shape that are 100 to 240 feet tall. Then comes the upper canopy the trees here are 60 to 130 feet tall. There is lots of food in this layer. Most of the animals live here because of the amount of food on this layer. The understory or the lower canopy has about 60 foot trees at this...
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...My review was based on different smart phones and its effect or importance. I did my review on the iPhone and BlackBerry which are two major players in the smart phone market today. The BlackBerry was catered more to the business customers while the iPhone was catered more to the media seeking demographic. Articles that were reviewed by me were written by West & Mace, Groggin, and Middleton. Each article dealt with different smart phones and different effects it has on our lives. With the introduction of mobile devices such as smart phones, the work place is now taken home. According to Middleton “The BlackBerry does give its users a mechanism to exert control over the management of daily communication tasks, but by virtue of its always-on, always-connected nature, it is also reinforces cultures that expect people to be accessible outside normal business hours”.(Middleton 2007) Since the introduction of the device in 1999, the BlackBerry has made a name for itself as a mobile e-mail device for business. The study done by Middleton was to see if using the BlackBerry device in the context of work-life would lead to increase in work-life conflict, and would result in detrimental organization outcomes. The research method that was used was qualitative a qualitative interview with 13 Canadian BlackBerry users. The respondents were chosen through a network of business contacts. They come from different industries, level of job seniority, and their age ranges from mid-20 to...
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...and schools of nursing. She also provided a teaching structure for medical-surgical nursing and established “The Four Conservation Principles”. “She explicitly linked health to the process of conservation model views health as one of its essential components” (Levine, 1991). The three major concepts of the Conservation Model are 1) wholeness, 2) adaption, and 3) conservation. “Whole, health, hale all are derivations of the Anglo- Saxon word hal” (Levine, 1973, p.11). Myra Levine based her use of wholeness as an open system, which meant exploring the parts of the whole. The next concept according to Levine was adaption, “a process of change whereby the individual retains his integrity within the realities of his internal and external environment” (Levine, 1973, p.11). This process allows in creating an economy where there is safety for the individual/patient. There are three characteristics of adaption: 1) Historicity, 2) Specificity, and 3) Redundancy. Levine states that adaptive patterns are developed and hidden in the individuals’ genetic code and that redundancy means that there is an option for the individual to achieve adaption, which is fail – safe option. Levine suggests that each individual has his/her own environment/behavior. The three levels of environment are perceptual, operational and conceptual. These levels explain the individual/patients’ relationship within their environment. She also asserts her theory on the orgasmic response which is “the capacity of the...
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...A Study in Scarlet and Pink A successful adaption of a text does not have to follow the text exactly as written. There is an importance to maintaining the main concepts and characters in the story, such as in the mystery, A Study in Scarlet by Conan Doyle. The main characters, Dr. John Watson and Sherlock Holmes should be portrayed correctly; the type of crime, and the search for the criminal should remain the same. There is a higher importance for an adaption to have more excitement and interesting twist, makes a more successful mystery than the original text. Any movie or show should have the effect of people having a connection. The effects have being so embedded to the film that the audience feels a part of the mystery. In movies and shows, there are basic needs for a good director, good actors or actresses, and a good setting like any other normal movie to make a successful adaption. In the short story, A Study in Scarlet by Sir Conan Doyle, the mystery has almost linear storyline with an episode of flashback. The story is in first narrative person, through the eyes of Dr. Watson. It first talks about Dr. John Watson in Afghanistan war as an army doctor. He gets shot in the shoulder. He is discharged from the war efforts, returning to London. In London, he meets his friend Stamford who shows him to his acquaintance, Sherlock Holmes. They then become roommates and solve mysteries together. For the first mystery, they receive details of an unsolved murder of Mr. Enoch...
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...Question 1 The three basic types of music that is heard in The Birth of a Nation are adaptions of classical works, arrangements of well-known melodies, and newly composed music. Dramatic scenes and large scale action are what classify adaptions of classical works for the most part, however it usually borrows a significant portion of another composition for use in a film. In the Birth of a Nation, Lincoln’s assassination used an adaption of a piece by Mozart. With arrangements of well-known melodies, it’s main concern is to bring about emotions and create a disposition to set the mood. An example of this would be “Maryland, My Maryland,” which put the otherwise dark film into a happier, brighter mood. The third basic type of music is original music, or newly composed music. Usually this is used to create leitmotifs or themes that that reflect the aspect of the story, but could also be used to alter themes to reflect any changes that might be happening. Question 2 In Casablanca, the role of source music is to introduce famous melodies and identify a scene to go along with its mood and characters. An example of this would be the scene at Rick’s Café, where it played popular American music. Shift over to to the Blue Parrot Café and now it’s playing Arabian music. When we are looking at the film as a whole, “As Time Goes By” is source music that is played to portray the love between Rick and Isla. When we see desperate refugees, source music is played to set the mood of...
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...I would characterize Harrison Bergeron on the line of cognition because he is evoking the active shadow magician, the manipulator. I think that Harrison was a healthy warrior because he is smart and independent. However, when the government arrested him for illustrating those traits that do not represent equality he shifted to the manipulator due to the suppression. In Tuttle’s adaption it demonstrates Harrison’s archetype of the manipulator because he wants to have godlike control over the society. He has important information, which reveals the truth of the government who is brainwashing its citizens. In comparison, Pittman’s adaption starts with Harrison as passive shadow warrior, the masochist because he is upset that he cannot fit in with...
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