...Russians in Afghanistan Have you ever heard about russians in Afghanistan it was apart of the cold war, and it also lead to terrorist attacks in America. Afghanistan has been in the news for awhile, but do you know what happened to start the war in the first place? In 1979 the Soviet Union sent troops to Afghanistan. Took them a decade to take over the government. After they took over the american european allies wanted the Soviet Union to leave Afghanistan. Five years earlier the prime minister launched a successful coup against king Zahir. Thousands of muslim leaders joined the Mujahideen which is a guerilla task force. The group wanted to take over the Amin government, but later the Mujahideen declared Jihad a holy war. The Soviet Union said they were their to support the Amin government, and they also said the Mujahideen were terrorist (Trueman). In 1979, December 27th...
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...The origin of the Taliban can be traced back to the 1979 USSR invasion of Afghanistan. Bring in over one hundred thousand soldiers to preserve the Communist Government, which they were they met with fierce resistance fighters called Mujahedeen from whom the taliban evolved. The mujahedeen was a mix of Afghan resistance fighters and refugees who had crossed into Pakistan’s North West Frontier Province at the onset of the Soviet invasion and later been recruited to fight the Soviet infidels. The mujahedeen controlled 75% of Afghanistan despite fighting the might of the world’s second most powerful military power. Cold war politics produced a strong condemnation of the invasion, and in turn sending hundreds of millions of dollars worth of ammunitions and food to Afghanistan...
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...Hand-in on Bush’s declaration of war. Sept. 20, 2001 - Bush Declares War on Terror Analytical Essay ”On September the eleventh, enemies of freedom committed an act of war against our country.” This is how former president George Walker Bush initiated his speech and declared war on terror. He identifies terrorists as enemies of freedom, but are they? Some people would characterize the word “terrorist” as an emotive. Some people would not know what the difference between a terrorist and a freedom fighter is. That makes me petrified. In 1989, USA won the cold war. Many historians and sociologist expeditiously agreed that there now was brought an end to the century of extremes, and the new world order could begin. One of them was Eric Hobsbawn, who stated USA as the, now only, superpower in the world. From 1989-2001, USA transformed the western values such as market economy and democracy to the rest of the world. In this period, USA solved many international conflicts and orderly made the world a better place. I sat down and thought about, why anyone would start this war against terror, who started it, and who was to blame for it? In this analytical essay, I will go through the main points in Bush’s speech. For instance, what does he mean, when he says: “The terrorists are traitors to their own faith”? Furthermore, I will go deeply into the consequences of the war on terror. Can the war on terror have had an effect on the globalization? If so, how big an impact has it played...
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...questions: Who are the Taliban? Where did they get their start? What differentiates the Afghan Taliban from the Pakistan Taliban (TTP)? What issue might there be? How did Mullah Akhatar Mansour come to replace Mullah Omar, founder of the Afghan Taliban, as supreme leader? Will the new leader join forces with ISIS? What does this mean for the Pakistan Taliban? The Taliban is not Afghanistan, nor is it Pakistan. It is an extremist organization bound by the vulgar misinterpretation of Islam and the Quran and should eliminated. Understanding this is will hopefully incur more compassion for the Afghan and Pakistani people fighting to live their religion in peace with the rest of the world. The Formation of the Afghan Taliban...
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...Contribution to Global War no. Terror after2013): 37-56 37 PAKISTAN’S CONTRIBUTION TO GLOBAL WAR ON TERROR AFTER 9/11 Dr. Hidayat Khan∗ Abstract Pakistan’s contribution to the “War on Terror” far exceeds its strength and size. Pakistan lost more than 35000 lives to save American people from another 9/11 attack. Pakistan’s economic loss amounted to 67 billion US dollars but still the US is not satisfied with Pakistan’s performance and pressurizes it to “Do More.” In this situation what should Pakistan do as a sovereign state? At the same time what is the international community’s responsibility towards Pakistan as a partner in this global war? The United States (US) and North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) have been fighting against the Taliban for the last decade but the war is nowhere near its end. This study is an exploration of the question whether war is the solution or the problem? Key Words: War on Terror, World Response, Pakistan’s Contribution, Operations, Agreements. Background P akistan has always played a constructive role in the United Nations (UN) — it is one of its largest net troop contributors and its active role in the solution of world issues is internationally recognized. It borders three major strategic regions; South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East, and its geographical proximity to Afghanistan has made it an important partner of the United States. Pakistan has played a significant role, both during the Cold War and as a non-NATO...
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...Doctrine The Cold War and US Diplomacy Dr. Igor Barsegian Pol 300 Contemporary International Problems February 7, 2015 Abstract This paper is about the Carter Doctrine and the Cold War. I will address the wars that are affected by the speech to protect the interest of the Persian Gulf. The wars started in 1991 and they continue on today. The name has changed but the message hasn’t. The last item to address is the final chapter before Jimmy Carter left office. Jimmy Carter was the 39th President of the US narrowly beating Gerald Ford for the most coveted office in the US. The margin was 297 to 240 Electoral votes (American Experience, 2006). Carter’s State of the Union was focused on oil since we were coming out of an oil shortage in the early 70’s. His speech sent a strong message to the Soviet’s the US was going to protect the Persian Gulf region by any means necessary (2006). In 1947 President Truman made a similar declaration to protect Greece and Turkey from being controlled by outside forces such as Russia, this is why the Cold War has been in existence. The Soviet started taking over smaller vulnerable countries after WWII. The Carter Doctrine provided in some ways many foreign diplomatic affair episodes involving the use of force by the United States. The first Afghanistan War was a result of protecting the interest of the Persian Gulf region. The US had to use military force to prevent the Soviets from taking over the smaller area in and around Afghanistan. This...
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...The Cold War period lasted for nearly 45 years, from 1945 to 1991. It began at the end of the Second World War and with the collapse of the Soviet Union. The war was the stage for the West's struggle against communist ideas and changes. This long wearing conflict brought to pass an increase in production and trade of arms and an appearance of a new world order formed by America. The main principle of the cold war can be seen as the East-West competition in ideas, arms and spheres of influence. (REF) After Afghan terrorists dramatically attacked the United States on September 11, 2001; America declared a war on terror and flew its troops into Afghanistan in pursuit of avenging their nation and capturing al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden. Again America found itself in opposition to the East, nevertheless this time a different region. And Again the East was fighting against this new world order and America's quest for world domination in a globalising world. The aim of the essay is to explore the relationship between the cold war and the ‘war on terror' in Afghanistan and to find similarities in political patterns and warfare, in order to answer the question Main Body - History Main question - Relationship The cold war marked the struggle between America and the USSR after the Second World War. The war influenced international affairs majorly. It influenced the way conflicts were handled, the way countries were divided up and the increasing growth in weaponry production...
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...strategy is derived from the nature of war. In the following parts, evidence would be mentioned to show how similar nature of war generates similar strategy, military tactics and consequence (Waldman, 2012). Nature of war Both Afghan and Iraq military campaign are war on terror. In September 20, 2001, George Bush, the U.S president, mentioned that the war on terror would start at Ai-Qaeda. War would end until all terrorist groups are found out and eliminated. He also said countries supporting terrorism would be punished. Bin Laden was the most wanted which was the leader of Ai-Qaeda (Barker, 2003). For the Afghan military campaign, it occurred because of September 11 attacks which caused more than 3000...
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...the Cold War? The forty-five years from the dropping of the atom bombs to the end of the Soviet Union, can be seen as the era of the new conflict between two major states: United States of America (USA) and Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). According to Hobsbawm, ‘cold war’ was the constant confrontation of the two super powers which emerged from the Second World War. At that time the entire generation was under constant fear of global nuclear battles. It was widely believed that it could break out at any moment. (Hobsbawm, 1994) The consequences of the ‘power vacuum’ in central Europe, created by the defeat of Germany, gave rise to these two super powers (Dunbabin, 1994). The world was divided into two parts. The USSR controlled the zone occupied by her Red Army or other communist armed forces. On the other hand, USA exercised control and dominance over the rest of the capitalist world as well as the western hemisphere and the oceans. (Hobsbawm, 1994) It is rather very difficult to argue that a particular country like the USA has won the cold war completely. Cold war gave birth to lots of problems in the world. During the cold war period, various events occurred subsequently. So the whole period was a combination of different issues and various factors related to it. Yet, evaluating the climax and the aftermath situation of the cold war, it can be argued that USA and its allies have succeeded to a great extent. On the other hand, as a consequence of the cold war...
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...During World War II, the United States, Great Britain and the Soviet Union fought together as allies against the Axis powers. The relationship between the nations was tense due to the mistrust the U.S. and Great Britain had for the Russian leader, Joseph Stalin. They had been wary of Soviet communism and concerned about Stalin’s tyrannical, blood-thirsty rule of his own country. The Soviets resented the Americans’ refusal to treat the USSR as a part of the international community and they took their delayed entry into World War II personally because of the resulting deaths of tens of millions of Russians. After WWII, Soviet expansionism in Eastern Europe fed many Americans’ fears of a Russian plan for world domination. The USSR resented American...
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...The Cold War was the time of rivalry and conflict between the USA and the Soviet Union. It started at the end of World War II and ended with the collapse of communism at the end of the 1980s. It was a time of political tension, in which both superpowers tried to prevent each other from gaining too much power. Even if the conflict did not result in a real war, there were many situations in which the world was very close to it. After World War II Although the United States and the Soviet Union were allies during World War II, they had different ideas about the future of the world. At the end of the war the Soviets controlled much of Eastern Europe and installed Communist governments there. The United States, on the other side, wanted to stop Communist ideas from spreading. It helped Western European countries to stay free and also gave them big sums of money to help rebuild their weak economies. The border between the Communist east and the free west was called the Iron Curtain and ran straight through the middle of Europe. The Iron Curtain The Iron Curtain blue = NATO countries red = Warsaw Pact Countries green = bloc-free Grey = neutral Military Blocs after World War II After World War II two military organizations emerged. In 1949 the United States and other western countries founded NATO (the North Atlantic Treaty Organization), on the other side the Soviets led the Warsaw Pact, a military organization of eastern European countries. Both military blocs...
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...Second World War, a new superpower began to emerge that had conflicting ideals with the United States and Western Europe, the Soviet Union. As a result of Soviet military might, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was created in 1949 to counter and deter Soviet military aggression. The original treaty included 12 nations from North American and Western Europe, today, the number of member nations has grown to 29 with the three largest contributors being the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. NATO is a strategic military alliance with a specific mission set and through its 69 years of history, has utilized joint operations between nations to prevent war and when need be, used...
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...that the wars inAfghanistan and Iraq are strikingly similar to the Vietnam war and thus will affect the generation the same way as the Cold War. The war in Vietnam lasted from 1961-1973 and the War on Terror has lasted from 2001-today in 2012. It is still going on. At the time,Vietnam was the longest war in history but it will soon be surpassed by the War on Terror. When the Cold War began, younger children and teenagers who were receiving information about the war had an undying hatred for the Russians. They felt the Russians were at fault for the war butdidn't see the flaws of their own country. For example, when the U.S. went into Iran in 1953 because a revolution and new leader would cut off American access to their oil. As a result, the CIA paid people $100 to have a revolution to overthrow the leader so we could access the oil. Then the U.S. put a dictator into power in Iran. Most people were unaware of these actions and therefore hated the opposing side. Today, many youths feel the same way about Afghanistan and Iraq. They have asense of hatred for these people for the Twin Towers incidents and the attacks on the Pentagon. However, not all of these people are terrorists which people like to assume. As in the Cold War wherepeople thought everybody in a communist country was communist, we see the same scenario with terrorists. A lot of people hate these people because they want the troops to come home. If they randomly come home and don't resolve this war completely...
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...In what ways is foreign policy a problem of identity and alterity? Foreign policy is in every way a problem of identity and alterity because identification of the “foreign” exists at the very core of every decision making process in foreign policy. Foreign policy is defined as the strategy or approach chosen by the national government to achieve its goals in its relations with external entities (Hudson, 2008). It should not be understood as a bridge between preexisting states with secure identities. Rather, foreign policy is concerned about the establishment of the boundaries that constitute the state and the international system. There is a dichotomy here between the Self (the state) and the Other (the international system) (Campbell, 1998). In this context, the concepts of identity and alterity are inextricably tied together because defining oneself necessarily entails an “othering” process where one’s identity is built on what it is not, rather than what it is. In essence, identity is built on alterity. Furthermore, it is pertinent to note that the identity of a state is more than just something that is derived from a process of contradistinction. It is not a stable, single unitary “I”. It is a condition that has depth, is multilayered, possesses texture and comprises many dimensions. (Campbell, 1998) The identity of the state is also constantly in flux, being shaped constantly by both external and internal forces. With the process of globalization, the divide between...
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...Running Head: The Carter Doctrine and the Cold War The Carter Doctrine and the Cold War United States Diplomatic Efforts During James L. Carter’s Presidential Time in Office In 1976 Americans chose James L. Carter versus Gerald Ford as their new president. The former governor of Georgia was appointed in hopes of defending American interests in the midst of the Cold War. Of President Carters’ administration, one of its most resilient adversities was faced Iran. Former President Dwight D. Eisenhower overthrew the leader of Iran in the 1953 Iranian coup d'etat, and used nuclear threats to conclude the Korean War with China. The New Look policy, the national security policy of the United States during his administration, called the New Look policy gave priority to inexpensive nuclear weapons while reducing the funding for the other military forces; the goal was to keep pressure on the Soviet Union and reduce federal deficits. Carter collaborated in this conquest. In response, Iran installed oppression of fanatical Moslem ayatollahs. This new government seized the American embassy in violation of the diplomatic law, withholding 66 hostages for the rest of the Carter administration. On November 14, 1979 President Carter immobilized the sale of weapons to Iran, banned all oil imports from them, and froze Iranian assets in the United States. The following year conditions for the release of the hostages were announced by the Shah but only in January 20th, 1981 when Ronald Reagan...
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