...the contribution of the agriculture sector in Malaysia Lecturer: Dr. V.G.R. Chandran Govindaraju Group Members: EGA 140020 Lu Tianyue EGA 140022 Zhang Xin EXGA 6112 The Malaysian Economy -- Assignment 1 Malaysia Agriculture Group: EGA 140020 Lu Tianyue EGA 140022 Zhang Xin Malaysia's agriculture is an important part of Malaysia's economic growth. According to World Bank data shows that in 2014 agriculture accounted for 9.3 percent of Malaysia Malaysia's GDP, (industry: 34.7% and services: 56%), however, the number of farmers 16 percent of the total population. Malaysia's environment is suitable for the development of farming, according to the World Bank and the Wikipedia data below Malaysia cultivated land(km2) is 75,567 and cultivated land（％）is 23.0. We need rational use and development of property nature gives us. Increase in production at the same time to expand cultivation. Malaysian agricultural probably with two parts, namely, enterprise and personal. Personalized part account for about 75 percent of the entire agricultural sector. Personalized relatively entrepreneurial farmer is less commercialization and lack of effective management. According to the data show the age of farmers aging in the region, more than 45 years of age accounted for 70% of farmers. Farmer’s age Persentage 45 years old 70% Malaysia should reduce unnecessary imports of agricultural products; increase the total value of agricultural production to form self-sufficiency...
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...Human Capital Needs in Agriculture and Allied Sectors - Policy Options National Academy of Agriculture Research Management (NAARM, Hyderabad) and Institute of Applied Manpower Research (IAMR, New Delhi) The Backdrop Agriculture sector is the mainstay of Indian economy ensuring food security and providing livelihood to millions involved either directly or indirectly with this sector. This sector has a strong mutually beneficial interface with the industry sector. Notwithstanding its declining share in country’s GDP, agriculture continues, and will continue to be the key to nation’s growth and development. Over the years Indian agriculture had made tremendous progress which, in a large measure, is directly or indirectly, due to the contributions of agricultural science and technology, and development of human skills to take advantage of the technology, be it through development of improved seed and planting material, plant protection, irrigation and soil conservation measures, mechanization and other productive agricultural practices as well as in putting on ground a massive infrastructure for extension work and transfer of technology to the farmers. In recent times, however, the pattern of agricultural growth has become somewhat erratic. The challenges that Indian agriculture faces today because of factors like shrinkage of available land, decline in soil quality and response to inputs, inadequate and uneven penetration of technology and skills, and above all...
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...Indigenous agriculture Agriculture has always been regarded as an important aspect of the Indian economy. There is endless evidence, including several British and European accounts, which show the flourishing state of our agriculture in the pre-British period. Even today despite the declining contribution of this sector towards the nations GDP. It still remains a means of livelihood for thousands of people across. Several of the indigenous practices like rotation of crops; drill husbandries etc. were perfected in India centuries before they were adopted by the other nations in their respective ‘agricultural revolution’. There is much to be learned from these practices of the local people. They are many instances, which show that these practices are not only feasible but also sustainable i.e. they cause minimal ecological degradation. Hence regarding these indigenous knowledge as "low productive," "primitive," and "old" cannot be justified. Instead this knowledge should form the foundation of developing more sustainable practices and technologies. People in the formal scientific knowledge system should grasp the importance of local knowledge. Those studies, which do go into details of the indigenous agricultural practices, present an entirely different picture of it than what one would have imagined of an unscientific, backward and primitive system of agriculture. Bringing this will lead to a desirable change in the attitudes and behaviors of researchers and would...
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...How can you build this utopia at your facility? Establishing an effective training program is the best way to start. However, building a strong and knowledgeable staff isn't free. These 10 tips will help you make the most of your training dollars. Tip 1: Use variety. You have many training media and methods available: Use as many as you feel comfortable with. For example, if you tell a group of electrici ans some facts about troubleshooting a new motor drive, you'll pass on some knowledge. But you'll pass on much more if you let them view a video on that drive, read the manual, watch another electrician working on it, or listen to a tape on how to troubleshoot it. The more ways you present information, the more your staff will learn and retain. Vary the pace and style of your training. Formal training is good, but informal training fills in many gaps. Magazines, books, and on-the-job training (OJT) are all very useful. Because magazines cover many topics in a single issue, you can bring the knowledge of many experts into one place. Tip 2: Use repetition. Informal training repetition can mean you distill portions of the training into slogans, factoids, and images. Including slips of paper in with paychecks with a sentence or two about some idea can work well with safety training. You can also include photos, illustrations, or icons to get your point across. Even passing around a copy of a magazine article, maybe twice a year, can help employees remember important information....
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...1. IMPACTS OF HIV/AIDS The impacts of HIV/AIDS on poor rural populations are many and intertwined. The impacts can be felt most dramatically in entrenched poverty, food insecurity and malnutrition, in the reduction of the labour force, and in the loss of essential knowledge that is transmitted from generation to generation. And the impacts are felt disproportionately among women. What's more, these same consequences of HIV/AIDS - poverty, food insecurity, malnutrition, reduced labour force and loss of knowledge - contribute to making the rural poor more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS infection. This devastating cycle must be broken, and the agricultural sector has a critical role to play. It is estimated that 42 million people in the world are infected with the HIV virus. Assuming that each HIV/AIDS case directly influences the lives of four other individuals, at least 168 million people are likely to be affected by the epidemic. And approximately 95 percent of them live in develping countries. Food security HIV/AIDS takes its toll on food security in a number of ways. For example: HIV increases fatigue and decreases work productivity, which means less food on the table. In households coping with sick family members, food consumption generally decreases. As adults fall ill, families face increasing medical and health care costs, thus reducing the possibility for them to purchase the food that they can no longer produce. While the number of productive family members decline...
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...agriculture although; most part of the emphasis has been on nutrition rather than health. There have been a longstanding deliberations in development economics as regards the role of changes in nutrition and health in the process of economic development since it is well recognized that low levels of health and nutrition as measured for example by caloric intake ,body size ,illness and mortality etc. Developing nations need good nutrition, health and productive agriculture to alleviate poverty because, lowered production by agricultural workers due to poor nutrition and health which affects their income and further deepens the incidence, depth and severity of poverty and ill health (IFPRI, 2007). Attention to both agricultural households’...
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...The development and growth of agriculture along with the food production made the Europeans of the middle ages have a successful lifestyle. These advances in agriculture took place during the Agricultural Revolution. The Agricultural Revolution was a time period when people’s knowledge of agriculture was increased to a point where they were able to revolutionize the agricultural industry. This time started during the 1000’s and went on until the 1200’s (Butler). The Europeans made many advances in this time, such as they made newer inventions that would benefit the world for years. Some of these inventions were remodeled and used still to this day. They also created jobs that would provide a better life for the people of Europe. These jobs would help people come in contact with more people than they usually would, and ultimately have a more social...
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...Agriculture and Life Sciences at the college level of education, is an academic course that entails the discovery, integration, dissemination and application of knowledge concerning food and energy based systems. This is all done so as to create a sustainable environment based on the improvement of the livelihoods of people in the world and communities alike, certain areas or communities are of more concern in relation with agricultural sustainability compared to others. As such this course is taught on the foundation of both classical and practical concepts, in accordance with standard academic programs that tackle modern and global issues based on a foundation of an integration of science and the liberal arts. Furthermore, the course involves research into fields such as sustainability of the environment, agricultural advancements, food systems, nutritional and health concerns, security of food systems biological sciences, economic development and communication of agricultural and life systems information. On the whole the academic course is meant to be a means of preparation for students seeking to pursue careers, in agricultural based institutions and instructors or educational specialists for non-profit organizations and government based institutions. A college degree in agricultural and life sciences enables students acquire a wide knowledge base of agricultural skills, which enables them acquire skills in areas such as decision making, organizational planning, presentation...
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...development of agriculture has changed in a variety of different ways. After the ice age the meat source depleted for the community resulting in finding new ways to produce food. The society of North America began to experiment with agriculture. The Native Americans began eating the wild strawberries, onions, and sunflower seeds. Native Americans also used new methods to clear land, such as burning the forestry. They realized that after they burned the land more berries, onions, and sunflower seeds would grow. Today modern farmers clear land by burning it, then replacing the land with growing different crops. A new tactic that farmers use today is burning the soil to replenish the nutrients in the soil. During the Pre- Columbian period Native Americans planted a vast variety of crops such as corn, squash, and other vegetables. Native Americans also used genetic engineering just like farmers today use. Genetic engineering is manipulating original plants genes. Native Americans also use to worship and praise many agricultural gods. One of the most popular gods to worship was the corn god. Today, modern farmers do not worship their crops. Native Americans believed in praying to these gods to better their harvest. Native Americans soon began teaching other communities about agriculture causing agriculture to disperse into other parts of the world. As people began migrating to America...
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...Draft Proposal on Impact Assessment of Urban Agriculture Research and Development in Nairobi By William Omoto Department of Research Development Nairobi Kenya 1. INTRODUCTION Background Kenya’s leading development challenges today include alleviation of poverty and environmental management in the context of rapid population growth and urbanization. Kenya’s population was 28.6 million people in 1999 and is expected to reach 43 million in the year 2020. According to the government statistics, the national level of absolute poverty increased from 44% in 1992 to 56% in 2002 (GoK 2002). Nairobi has registered the highest rate of urbanization (4.5%) with a population of 2.2m in 2000 projected to reach 3.2m in the year 2010. About 50% of people in Nairobi live below the absolute poverty line of Ksh. 2 648. As the urbanization trend continues, urban environments are deteriorating. Most of the urban poor are concentrated in the informal settlements where there are no infrastructure and services to address environmental problems and are engaged in urban agriculture. One of the biggest policy challenges today is the inclusion of environmental policy into urban policy. UPA can be an integral part of a set of policies for sustainable urban environmental management. Urban AF can play an especially vital role in waste management by transforming waste into food and fuel. Waste management approaches in place include waste collecting, sorting, treatment and recycling...
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...http://www.wfo-oma.com/women-in-agriculture/articles/the-role-of-rural-women-in-agriculture.html Written by Saquina Mucavele, MuGeDe - Women, Gender and Development, Republic of Mozambique - Southern Africa "When women are empowered and can claim their rights and access to land, leadership, opportunities and choices, economies grow, food security is enhanced and prospects are improved for current and future generations", Michelle Bachelet - Under-Secretary-General and Executive Director of UN Women Women are the backbone of the development of rural and national economies. They comprise 43% of the world’s agricultural labor force, which rises to 70% in some countries. In Africa, 80% of the agricultural production comes from small farmers, who are mostly rural women. Women comprise the largest percentage of the workforce in the agricultural sector, but do not have access and control over all land and productive resources. During the last ten years, many African countries have adopted new land laws in order to strengthen women’s land ownership rights. This has helped improve the situation of rural women. To this effect, the lack of appreciation of the role of rural women in agriculture is harmful and gives rise to a lack of specific policies, policies which are misdirected, high levels of poverty, illiteracy and non-involvement in the design and planning of programs and policies, which involves a process of mutual learning that reflects the real and specific needs of rural...
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...List of Agriculture Careers Agricultural career options go well beyond farming and ranching. If you love the idea of working with crops, animals and resources that contribute to the worldwide food supply, pursuing a career in agriculture could provide you with a rewarding and fulfilling future. Seven Types of Agricultural Careers Agriculture is big business. The industry has been around for thousands of years and, according to AgDay, approximately 22 million Americans are involved in agriculture-related industries. There are so many career possibilities, that it's easier to segment career choices by field, rather than specific jobs. 1. Agricultural Communications Agriculture is such a big business that many of the major agricultural, farming and ranching companies house departments dedicated to promoting and marketing their products. Individuals involved in agricultural communications often work as marketers, public relations experts or journalists. Common job titles include: * Market news reporter * Farm news reporter * Public relations representative * Advertising specialist * Marketing communications manager * Regional sales manager * Account manager While most of these positions will require a minimum of a bachelor's degree in business, journalism or a related field, you may be able to pursue sales jobs with limited formal education. 2. Agricultural Economics Someone has to price, broker and assess the agricultural economy from day to day and year to year...
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...INTRODUCTION Bangladesh is a country with a population of about 150 million; population density being the highest in the world. Agriculture still remains the mainstay in national economy despite rapid industrialization. It plays a significant role in the overall economic development of Bangladesh in terms of contribution to GDP (19.79%), employment (63%), export (15%), food security and poverty reduction. Over the past 50 years, per capita arable land dropped to 0.06 ha. Growing enough food for such a large and growing population with shrinking land is a daunting task. The country has only 8.20 million hectares of agricultural land. In the last two decades, Bangladesh made a significant progress in cereal production. The cereal production has increased from 11.00 million tons in 1971 to almost 30.00 million tons in 2006. Ninety eight per cent of food comes from agriculture. In spite, the food grain production in Bangladesh is facing great challenges due to increasing population, decreasing agricultural land, depleting natural resource base, climate change etc. Rice is the main crop that covers nearly 75% of cropped area contributing over 95% of total food grain production. It provides about 65 percent of direct human calorie intake. It is considered as the center of food security and socio-political stability. Major challenges in agriculture are to overcome the stress like pest and diseases or climatic hazards like submergence, salinity, drought, heat, cold, soil toxicity...
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...Bureau of Agricultural Research The Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) is one of the staff bureaus of the Department of Agriculture (DA) which was established to lead and coordinate the national agriculture and fisheries research and development (R&D) in the country. BAR is committed to consolidate, strengthen, and develop the agriculture and fisheries R&D system for the purpose of improving its effectiveness and efficiency by ensuring customer satisfaction and continuous improvement through work excellence, teamwork and networking, accountability and innovation. Mission To attain food security and reduce poverty through technology-based agriculture and fisheries sector Vision "A better life for Filipinos through excellence in agriculture and fisheries research and development" Mandate Executive Order 116, under the 1986 Freedom Constitution, created the Bureau of Agricultural Research with the mandate: "…to ensure that all agricultural research is coordinated and undertaken for maximum utility to agriculture. It shall tap farmers, farmer organizations, and research institutions, especially the State Colleges and Universities, in the conduct of research for the use of the Ministry and its clientele, particularly the farmers/fishermen and other rural workers." Further expanded and strengthened the mandate of BAR by providing leadership in enhancing, consolidating and unifying the national and regional agriculture and fisheries research...
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...AGRICLINICS AND AGRIBUSINESS CENTRE INTRODUCTION: With the diversification and modernisation of agricultural practices, there is a need to augment support and extension services for agriculture. For this purpose, a scheme for setting up agriclinics and agribusiness centres by agriculture graduates has been launched by GoI with the support of NABARD. These centres will provide a package of input facilities, consultancy and other services. They will strengthen transfer of technology and extension services and also provide self employment opportunities to technically trained persons. BACKGROUND OF THE SCHEME: There are 11,900 graduates from agriculture and allied sectors passing out from agricultural universities in India. However, only 2000 are able to get employment in Government/Private sectors. Thus there remains a vast pool of around 9900 graduates in the country who can support and boost agricultural production process if viable business opportunities are provided to them. On the other hand there exists an agricultural extension system which is fast shrinking resulting in wide extension gaps between those who require improved technologies and those who generate them.Thus in the aftermath of this wide extension gap and the vast pool of unemployed agriculture pass outs remains to be tapped to provide support to the extension system and ultimately to help improve agricultural productivity. This gave birth to a unique and ambitions scheme to address the twin objectives...
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