...value for consumers, and the success of the associated business. Management and careful monitoring of the application of a brand and the responses it generates from consumers is applied through brand management teams; it aids businesses in controlling the images and measures it conveys to consumers in order to create a positive brand image. Tangible products and services do not encompass brands alone; events also work effectively as a brand, through campaigns, fundraisers, and charitable events. The event through which the two theories of Co-branding and Commitment-Trust Theory are applied in this report is World AIDS Day, a globally renowned annual not-for-profit campaign that is driven by the sheer need for awareness and prevention of HIV. Brand strategies that the brand has employed include “Dance (RED) Save Lives”, musical album collaboration with well-known artists, and the World AIDS Day Australia campaign, whereby each individual state and territory conducts its own fundraising and HIV awareness raising events. Through these events, the brand have been able to successfully and strategically class their brand as an altruistic, charitable, trustworthy cause that is well worth the investment and attention. Following the critical analysis of World AIDS Day’s brand strategies through the application of the two detailed theories, several strategic and tactical recommendations have been provided to further improve upon the brand and its effectiveness in all...
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...Every year in the Massaponax High School marching band season, there is a day when the entire band, known as the MP2, goes to various neighborhoods in Spotsylvania to ask homeowners if they would like to donate to the band. Each marching band season comes with monumental costs, so this event is crucial to our success. It is so special an occasion that we all wear our black and teal uniforms. The staff call it “Band-Aid Day.” I did not particularly enjoy spending the greater margin of my Saturday trotting around with a group of other band members and chaperones basically begging people for money, but it was a necessary evil. After the event, when all the money was collected and counted, the band members would congregate in the band room and exchange stories about any crazy events that may have transpired whilst perusing neighborhoods for good samaritans with generous wallets. There were instances where some band members...
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... Explain how the infectious agent is transmitted through the human population. Explain the immune system's role in protecting the body from disease Describe the clinical symptoms, duration of the disease and treatment if any. What steps can be taken to prevent further outbreaks? Include individual as well as environmental precautions and methods. Skip Navigation * ------------------------------------------------- BLOG * ------------------------------------------------- SERVICE LOCATOR ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Search: Bottom of Form AIDS.gov Home * HIV/AIDS Basics * HIV/AIDS 101 * AWARENESS DAYS * Home / HIV/AIDS Basics / HIV/AIDS 101 : How Do You Get HIV or AIDS? SUBSCRIBE TRANSLATE TEXT SIZEPRINT ------------------------------------------------- HOW DO YOU GET HIV OR AIDS? ------------------------------------------------- HOW IS HIV SPREAD? You can get or transmit HIV only through specific activities. Most commonly, people get or transmit HIV through sexual behaviors and needle or syringe use. HIV is not spread easily. Only certain body fluids from a person who has HIV can transmit HIV: * Blood * Semen (cum) * Pre-seminal fluid (pre-cum) * Rectal fluids * Vaginal fluids * Breast milk These body fluids must come into contact with a mucous membrane or damaged tissue or be directly injected into your bloodstream (by a needle or syringe) for transmission to occur...
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...HIV and AIDS in the Phils. HUMAN IMMUNO-DEFICIENCY VIRUS ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME What is HIV and AIDS ? Are they the same? What similarities they have? What differences they have? HIV * An infected person may look healthy and feel well. * Without proper treatment and after continued attacks by the HIV virus on the immune system, the person may develop other illnesses and symptoms. * Infection will progressed into the stage called AIDS. * Nevertheless, people living with HIV (PLWHIV) may live a normal life as long as the infection do not progress to AIDS. AIDS * Infected person is prone to many illnesses and diseases. * Very low immune system * Shows symptoms ( change skin color, rapid weight loss) Blisters HIV and AIDS are two different terms; HIV is the virus while AIDS is the condition. Both are FATAL and POSES threat to any gender and age. Modes of Transmission HIV can be transmitted through any of the following: * Direct sexual contact * Injecting needles (sharing) * Breastmilk * Blood Transfusion * Infected mother to her unborn child An overview of the latest HIV and AIDS in the Philippines * DOH said that from one case in every three days in 2000, HIV cases have increased to one case a day in 2007, four on 2010, seven in 2011 and nine in 2012, and a recent case is every two hours in 2013. * Males having sex with other males were the predominant type of sexual transmission through...
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...for HIV to be felt by a person, it is also source of another permanent, life-threatening disease known as AIDS. Upon targeting the immune system of a person, it weakens one’s immunity, thereafter evolving into AIDS (HIV/AIDS, 2011). The most common symptoms that arise upon those who suffer AIDS/HIV are: night sweats, swollen lymph glands particularly on the neck, fever, joint pain, rashes, diarrhea, sore throat, muscle soreness, as well as mouth and/or genital ulcer (HIV/AIDS, 2011). Therefore, it appears to be somewhat an ordinary flu but continues for over a month or more once the virus enters the body. There will also be inflammation. Human Immunodeficiency Virus is most commonly known with the use of its acronym, HIV. On the other hand, AIDS stands for Acquired immune Deficiency Syndrome. Although both are often used interchangeably, contrary to popular belief, these two differ from each other. Among others, an important distinction that should be known by most people is that the immune system of a person suffering from HIV slowly deteriorates, making it impossible for the body to defend itself from such virus. This is done by the HIV virus through attacking the defense cells found in the white blood cells, the third line of defense of the body against bad viruses, in the body which are called killer cells, and are the T helper and the CD4 cells (What is HIV/AIDS?, 2011). “HIV is not destructing the critical components of the body’s immune...
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...Western Drug Companies and the AIDS Epidemic in South Africa In December 1997, the government of South Africa passed a law that authorized two controversial practices. One, called parallel importing, allowed importers in South Africa to purchase drugs from the cheapest source available, regardless of whether the patent holders had given their approval or not. Thus South Africa asserted its right to import “generic versions” of drugs that are still patent protected. The government did this because it claimed to be unable to afford the high cost of medicines that were patent protected. The other practice, called compulsory licensing, permitted the South African government to license local companies to produce cheaper versions of drugs whose patents are held by foreign companies, irrespective of whether the patent holder agreed. The law seemed to be in violation of international agreements to protect property rights, including a World Trade Organization agreement on patents to which South Africa is a signatory. South Africa, however, insisted that the law was necessary given its own health crisis and the high cost of patented medicines. By 1997, South Africa was wrestling with an AIDS crisis of enormous proportions. It was estimated that over 3 million of the country's 45 million people were infected with the virus at the time, more than in any other country. However, although the AIDS epidemic in South Africa was seen as primary reason for the new law, the law itself was applied...
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...in ages of enlightenment. Often they come fast, kill even faster, and then are gone. One pandemic that still plagues the world today, with no end in sight, is AIDS. An incurable virus that became the center of attention in the 1980's. Bubonic plague and AIDS are very different in nature, but have resulted in many similar political, economic, and cultural impacts within human societies. The differences and similarities of these pandemics can help us understand pandemics better and also can help us to prepare for future pandemics. First we must look at the bubonic plague, how it spread and how it impacted the world socially, economically, and culturally. It was first recorded in Europe by a Sicilian chronicler by the name of Michele da Piazza in October of 1347, who recorded the port of Messina having twelve galleys full of sailors carrying the disease down to the marrow of their bones.1 Black Death began to really take its toll in 1348, spreading through Italy, France, Spain, Switzerland, Austria, England, Denmark, to the Balkans, Palestine, Syria, and the coast of North Africa by the spring and summer of that year. By 1350 it had reached German and Eastern Europe and finally in 1352 reached Russia. Spreading from port to port, through trade and travel, from what appears to be person to person.2 Unlike the modern day agent of Black Death, that is only spread as fast as...
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...Epidemic: The Story of AIDS and Black America In the book I’ve read, The Secret Epidemic: The Story of AIDS and Black America, I found it very interesting. It was written by Jacob Levenson, who currently lives in Brooklyn. He received his master’s in journalism from Columbia University and also studied at the University of Columbia and Berkley. He has also written about AIDS for VIBE, The Oxford American, and Mother Jones. This book discusses how AIDS had became a black epidemic in the United States. It soon went on to explain how it was being ignored, until a variety of researchers decided to do something about it. Speaking about this book, I find it very captivating and filled with facts that shouldn’t be ignored. In the 2000s...
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...Awareness for the Future Atlanta Karenina L. Yap Philippine Women’s College of Davao The first day of December commemorates World AIDS Day, a celebration for HIV-AIDS awareness. People all over the world have gathered to honor this day and to support this advocacy. But what is HIV and AIDS? How much do people really know about this disease? Why is it such an important matter for the world? These are just some questions which most people, especially the youth, cannot answer. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), HIV is a type of retrovirus that affects the cells of the immune system. Once a person is infected with HIV, his immune system becomes weaker and more susceptible to other infections. The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, or more commonly known as AIDS, is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. However, a person infected with HIV does not necessarily develop AIDS immediately, but it could take 10-15 years before he does. HIV can be transmitted in five ways: through unprotected sexual intercourse, transmission of contaminated blood, sharing of contaminated needles, mother to child transmission during pregnancy, and breastfeeding. Contrary to popular belief, HIV cannot be transmitted through kissing, hugging, or shaking hands. In addition, sharing eating utensils or bathroom facilities does not transmit HIV. As of 2011, UNAIDS has recorded an estimated 34 million adults and children...
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...9 -5 0 7 -0 3 2 REV: JULY 23, 2012 ELIE OFEK PSI India—Will Balbir Pasha Help Fight AIDS? (A) Every time Sanjay Chaganti, program director of HIV/AIDS Prevention at Population Services International (PSI) India, walked the streets of Mumbai's red-light district, he felt as though there was probably no other place like it in the world. Although dirty, crowded, and run-down, the district known for its brothels and the local Indian mafia was also a vibrant area that included shops, restaurants, and movie theaters. At any time of the day or night and at any time of the year, the redlight district was an area that was always alive and open for business. This particular afternoon in March 2002 was not unlike any other day in this area of Mumbai. To Sanjay and his colleagues at PSI, however, the red-light district of Mumbai was also ground zero for the growing HIV/AIDS epidemic in India—something that the nonprofit organization was fully committed to prevent. Over the past 10 years, PSI had worked to educate sex workers in Mumbai about HIV and the significantly lower transmission rates that resulted from the use of condoms. It was estimated that there were between 20,000 and 30,000 sex workers within a 10-block area of the red-light district. Since roughly 85% of all HIV transmission in India occurred through intercourse with sex workers, for PSI the red-light district was a major battleground in the fight to prevent the spread of HIV. To reach as many sex workers...
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...Issues Confronting ‘Them’ (People with HIV/AIDS) The issues confronting ‘them’—a metaphor society uses to refer to people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is not only a physical health crisis but also a social crisis that has and continues to affect every sector of the United States. Accompanying the disease is an acute fear in society that fosters gross assumptions and a lack of education about AIDS. . Because social issues confronting the HIV population presents a series of critical civil rights problems, it is imperative that individuals living with HIV/AIDS are aware of their civil rights as well as know the resources to advocate for themselves when a provider threatens their rights. National legal organizations, like the ACLU AIDS Project is available to enforce their civil rights through litigation, public education, and legislative advocacy (America Civil Liberties Union, 2009). The main social iniquities attached to HIV are those of stigma and discrimination. Social stigmatism toward persons with HIV/AIDS is an infliction of suffering, which thwarts any attempts to fight the AIDS epidemic. Stigma, as a form of social control is a means to marginalize, set limitations, and exercise power over individuals who society considers different through certain characteristics. Social stigma rejects the social groups associated with HIV, (e.g. homosexuals, illegal drug users, sex workers (Bardj, 2012)...
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...(human immunodeficiency virus), which has been found to be the cause of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), would not have been the topic of a major and serious worldwide catastrophe. Twenty years ago, people were not phased by the effects that would be caused by this ever so populating disease, and no one would have ever realized that this disease would not be curable or helped without expensive medicine. Like a simple exponential growth equation, the AIDS virus has increased victim numbers by about forty million all over the world. AIDS has also shown that it is not discriminating; it has infected all races and all heritages. The AIDS crisis extends far beyond its death toll, because more than seventy percent of the thirty-six million people with HIV/AIDS live in sub-Saharan Africa. Last year alone, the disease killed 1.5 million people in Africa. One third of these victims are between the ages of ten and twenty-four. The disease has been described as a development crisis; it is profoundly disrupting the economic and social bases of families and entire nations at a rate of infection at 16,000 per day. Without immediate action, AIDS will surpass the effect of the Black Plague that killed forty million people in the late fourteenth century. It is estimated that only ten percent of the death that this disease will cause has been seen. There are no known cures or affordable vaccines to prevent AIDS; the only option is for a program to prevent further spread of the epidemic...
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...Magic Johnson & HIV Caesar Lozano Human Sexuality Mrs. Polites December 3, 2012 What is HIV? HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus, a retro virus that causes AIDS. Statistics indicate there are more than one million people living with HIV in the United States. HIV was discovered in June 1981. Since then approximately 1.7 million in the United States are estimated to have been infected with the virus. Every 9.5 minutes someone in the United States is being infected with HIV. How does HIV work? In order to survive, HIV must enter a healthy human cell and uses the cell’s machinery to make copies of itself. HIV attaches to the cell and uses a special chemical as a key to enter. Once inside, HIV uses a chemical called reverse transcriptase to disguise itself. Wearing this disguise, HIV is ready to sneak into the cell’s control center. Then HIV uses another chemical called integrase to gain access to cell’s control center. HIV then adds its own information into the cell’s machinery and starts making copies of itself. Another chemical, called protease, cuts out and puts together the new copies of the virus. Once the new virus leaves the cell, they are ready to find and attack more cells. Anyone is capable of contracting the virus. One person who stands out with the virus is Earvin Johnson but you may know him by another name, Magic Johnson. Earvin “Magic” Johnson is a retired American professional basketball player. He played for the Los...
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...Epidemiology Paper – HIV/AIDS Epidemiology is defined as “the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control of health problems” (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2008, p. 243). According to Medscape’s (2011) website, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are prevalent among homeless girls and women (both sheltered and unsheltered) and is attributed to lack of access to condoms, survival sex, prostitution, intravenous drug use, language barriers, and citizenship status. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, the body's natural defense system. Not having a good immune system means the body will have trouble getting rid of disease. The infection it creates and the virus is called HIV. One of the most important pieces of the immune system is the White Blood cells. The HIV virus targets and destroy a specific white blood cell called CD4+ cells. The human body can’t defend itself from infection if way too many CD4+ cells are neutralized. AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is the last phase of HIV infection. People get rare Cancer or infections that healthy people almost never get if they have low amount of CD4+ with AIDS. This could be fatal. Although just because you have HIV, doesn’t mean you also have AIDS. It usually takes 10-12 years for HIV to become aids even without any treatment. If the HIV virus is diagnosed before AIDS develop, then medicines...
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...been trying to peer into that past. Jon Cohen, a correspondent for science who has written extensively about the virus, compares the work to fossil hunting, using a few precious shreds of evidence to construct a possible history. "Everybody's always looking for certainty. It doesn't exist [in this field]," he says. "In a sense it's all theory." Nonetheless, the theory rests on facts, and at least a few of them are undisputed -- including, most significantly, HIV's family tree. There are two species of the virus, HIV-1 and HIV-2. The first evolved from a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) found in chimpanzees, while the second came from an SIV in a type of monkey called the sooty mangabey. HIV-1, which is responsible for the vast majority of AIDS cases worldwide, is divided into three groups -- the "major" group M, and the much rarer "outlier" group O and "new" group N -- that have diverged over years of mutation and evolution. In May 2006, an international group of researchers led by Hahn answered two major questions about the origin of HIV-1 M, the deadliest and most widespread form of the virus: Where was its...
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