...Volume : 2 | Issue : 7 | July 2013 • ISSN No 2277 - 8179 Research Paper Education Role of Emotion in Learning Process N. Evelyn Thayamani KEYWORDS : Emotion, Learning, Feelings and Amygdala Research scholar,Center for Research in Education, Thava Thiru Kundrakudi Adigalar College Campus,Kundrakudi, Sivagangai District - 630 206. Tamil Nadu, South India Dr M. Parimala Fathima Research co-ordinator, Center for Research in Education, Thava Thiru Kundrakudi Adigalar Dr S. Mohan ABSTRACT College Campus,Kundrakudi, Sivagangai District - 630 206. Tamil Nadu, South India Director, Center for Research in Education, Thava Thiru Kundrakudi Adigalar College Campus,Kundrakudi, Sivagangai District - 630 206. Tamil Nadu, South India This study is an attempt to discuss the role of emotion in learning process. Emotions are important in the classroom in two major ways. First, emotions have an impact on learning. They influence our ability to process information and to accurately understand what we encounter. For these reasons, it is important for teachers to create a positive, emotionally safe classroom environment to provide for the optimal learning of students. Second, learning how to manage feelings and interfere with learning occurs when students are anxious about their school-work (Cole, 1991; Dobson & Dobson, 1981). Students who are depressed or anxious about learning often do not feel competent academically. Teachers will understand how their students’ ...
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...Introduction The human body has been designed a mechanism to deal with pain and damage. The human immune system deals with all kinds of injures. The human immune system helps regulate bodily functions. When the body is exposed to a certain amount of pain the body goes into shock. This can be a life threatening situation or it can be the bodies’ response to the life threatening situation allowing a solders to keep fighting and things of that nature. If the damage the body may go into what is called a "comatose" condition. Where all nonessential function shuts down for repairs. This is due to the trauma that was experienced. Many of these actions are automated. This is because God has a system in the body to regulate the body. With that in mind PTSD is put into two different categories. They would be direct exposure and indirect exposure to an event. Direct events would be first hand experiences but the person. A point in time that the person felt significant risk of life and limb. An indirect traumatic event would be if an individual would witness a traumatic event. The mind has the same kind of defense mechanism. This is used to cope with severe mental trauma or mental stress. When a person goes through extremely powerful mental trauma that the mind cannot deal with the pain many things happen. One of those things is PTSD or post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. This report will look at this disorder from a biblical point of view using the lives of many people. Dreams The...
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...Running Head: Facial Expression of Emotions FACIAL EXPRESSION OF EMOTIONS Pysc 380 – Physiological Psychology Abstract Emotions are shown in many different ways. One way in which are emotions are show in is our facial expressions. Facial expressions are responses that are innate, unlearned, automatic behavior. What causes these innate responses and what do they mean? There have been many articles and studies done on trying to understand all possible aspects of human and animal facial expressions. The emotional aspects of these facial expressions are vastly different. The goal of this paper is to better understand, both psychologically and physiologically, the nature of communication of emotions through facial expressions. Facial Expression of Emotions The warmth of a smile or a face contorted in anger, facial expressions tell the world our emotional state. Facial expressions relay information faster than words can be spoken. Ralph Adolphs wrote an article entitled “Perception and Emotion, How we recognize Facial Expressions.” In this article the author states on how some emotional responses through facial expressions are so fast that it is not possible for someone to be aware of the stimulus (Adolphs, 2006.) There have been many studies of how facial expressions can create activity almost immediately in a person’s brain. These studies are of importance because it helps the theory that cognitive judgment...
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...neural and behavioural mechanisms and as such, a central question of human history. Children with aggressive behaviour form a heterogeneous population in relation to certain subtypes of aggressive antisocial behaviour. Callous-unemotional traits (e.g. absence of emotions and blame) are well-studied and temperamentally tied in with acute and persistent antisocial expression in children, which holds the risk for progressing psychopathy later in life (Frick & Viding, 2009) Serotonin levels are thought to contribute to childhood aggressive and antisocial behaviour, which can lead to expression later in adulthood (Raine, 2002). Thus, genetic factors are an inseparable part of the nature of antisocial behaviour, as demonstrated by twin research that has shown that heritability is likely to determine various forms of aggression and personality factors, such as impulsivity and callous-unemotional traits (Moffitt, 2005). Despite the fact that the specific genetic basis of the innate nature of antisocial behaviour has not been firmly demonstrated, a number of studies have proposed that serotonergic dysfunction acts as a trigger for deviant behaviour (Cadoret, Langbehn, Caspers, Troughton, Yucuis, Sandhu & Philibert, 2003). In their study Cadoret et al consider various factors which remain significantly important in...
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... and medications that can increase serotonin activity to offset negative affects (Hariri and Brown, 2006, p. 12). This report will summarize the details of how serotonin, and how the Limbic System affects human behaviors. EMOTION: SEROTONIN, AND LIMBIC SYSTEM 3 Emotions: The roles of serotonin, and limbic system Emotions are generally defined as a state of mind that may reflect joy or fear, although, emotions also consist of patterns of physiological responses that lead to specific behaviors, which is what this paper will reflect. Specifically, the physiological responses of behavior are a direct reflection of how serotonin and the various areas of the Limbic System affect an individual. Imbalances of one or all three of these may constitute negative emotions such as fear, antisocial disorder, anger, poor impulse control, aggression, and depression. Research will show that emotions are not just a state of mind, but that behaviors are...
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...Bennett, Ph.D. Summer 2014 - Final Paper Treatment Issue Regarding the Possible Efficacy of Psilocybin on Depression For thousands of years, humans have been using psychedelic plants all over the world for healing purposes. Despite this fact, in 1971, these medicines were classified as schedule I drugs. Schedule I drugs are defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse or drugs that have no recognized medical uses. After 40 years of almost-total prohibition, psychologists, psychiatrists and neuroscientists are reassessing the role of psychedelic drugs. This research paper will focus on the classical serotonergic psychedelic called psilocybin or the so-called ‘magic mushroom’ and it’s clinical potential in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders. First, it is important to recognize certain facts about psilocybin that may be unknown due to misperceptions about the plant. Psilocybin is not known to cause damage to the brain or any other organs in the body and is regarded as non-addictive (Nichols, 2004; as cited in Krebs & Johansen, 2013). In fact, studies have found that psilocybin may lead to neurogenesis, or the regrowth of brain cells (Catlow et al., 2013). Psilocybin can cause sustained positive changes in attitudes, mood and behavior, and a recent study suggests it may be helpful in the treatment of anxiety (Grob et al., 2011; as cited in Young, 2013). Franz Vollenweider and his colleague Michael Kometer wrote about how research into psychedelics might identify...
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...- Physiology - When lab rats are stressed repeatedly, the amygdala – an almond shaped nub in the center of the brain – enlarges dramatically. This swelling comes at the expense of the hippocampus, which is crucial for learning and memory, and shrinks under sever stress. The main job of the amygdala is to perceive danger and help generate the stress response; it’s the brain area turned on by dark alleys and Hitchcock movies. Unfortunately, a swollen amygdala means that were more likely to notice potential threats in the first place, which means we spend more time in a state of anxiety (snowball effect). The end result is that we become more vulnerable to the very thing that’s killing us. - Chemistry - When people feel stressed, a tiny circuit in the amygdala triggers the release of glucocorticoids, a family of stress hormones that puts the body in a heightened state of alert. The molecules are named after their ability to rapidly increase levels of glucose in the blood, thus providing muscles with a burst of energy. They also shut down all nonessential bodily processes, such as digestion and immune response. This is the body’s way of being efficient with its resources. When you’re being chased by a lion, you don’t want to waste resources on the small intestine. You’ll digest food some other time. You need every ounce of energy to get away and survive. But glucocorticoids have a nasty side effect. When they linger in the bloodstream (as they might due to chronic stress...
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...Phineas Gage Paper The brain is one of the key role players in cognitive functioning. There are many different areas in the brain but only a few certain areas have an influence on cognitive functioning. A man named Phineas Gage showed the key elements in the specific areas in the brain that do support these cognitive functions. In 1848 Phineas gage suffered a traumatic brain injury which has aided in understanding the human brain in the fields of cognitive and neuropsychologists. This paper will help to better explain the role of cognitive functioning and the brain. One will better understand the importance of Phineas Gage’s injuries and how they have helped to aid cognitive functioning and neuropsychology. The Brain and Cognitive Functioning The brain plays and important role in cognitive functioning. The ability to process thoughts and information is cognitive functioning (Willingham, 2007). Learning, memory, and perception are all examples of cognitive functioning (Willingham, 2007). Different areas of the brain support different cognitive functions. The amygdala, hippocampus, and the rhinal cortex are all responsible for memory. Emotional memory and memories which are prompted by emotional behavior are all stored in the amygdala. The hippocampus is responsible for receiving information from the senses and then translating them into an individual’s short-term memory. Learned information is recalled from the rhinal cortex. “The cerebral cortex is what is studied, photographed...
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...attention to us when needed to express ourselves. The first two years of human life focus on speech and body movement—the two most crucial aspects of socializing, which is the most fundamental requirement for a functional society. We as humans are dependent on successful communication. So if socialization is taught to us at from the moment we’re first held in a hospital room, coddled and spoken ever so softly to, where does social anxiety—prevalent in so many of us— stem from? Social anxiety disorder— one of the most prevalent and socially detrimental psychological disorders—is characterized by excessive fear and avoidance of social situations and by a consistently negative view of the self (Ciccareelli & White, 2018; Crocher 2013). This paper will define and highlight the causes, symptoms, treatment, and detrimental effects of social anxiety through the lens of both psychology and communication. Many individuals who suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder are often merely deemed to be “shy.” Reports of “shyness” in literature trace back over two thousand years ago, where Hippocrates described someone who "will not be seen abroad; loves darkness as life and cannot endure the light or to sit in lightsome places; he will neither see, nor be seen by his good will. He dare not come in company for fear he should be misused, disgraced, overshoot himself in gesture or speeches, or be sick; he thinks every man observes him” (Burton, 1881). This description correlates with those of the features...
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...Developmental Disorder, Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS), and Rett’s Disorder (58-63). Scientists consider these disorders to be similar because they share common characteristics (58). Asperger syndrome occurs when children have difficulty with social interactions, but do not exhibit delays in language. CDD develops within two years and autism is evident within the first year of life (59). PDD-NOS occurs when children have difficulty with social interactions and either communication problems or restricted interest (63). Rett’s Disorder is diagnosed definitively in females and autism is diagnosed primarily in males (58). The term autism was first used in 1943 by child psychiatrist Leo Kanner, who wrote a paper “Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact” (Koegel 2). In his paper, Kanner described his observation of eleven children between the ages of two and eight who displayed a tendency to want to be alone and lacked the ability to interact with others. The children also displayed a delay in speech, a lack of imaginative play, unusual interest, and verbal communication problems (2). Kanner’s report gave us the first glimpse of what is known today as autism (Schreibman 27). Scientists 2 have had no major breakthrough that can help cure autism, probably because, the causes are still unknown. However, scientists believe genetics, immunological abnormalities and neurobiological anomalies are potential etiologies of autism. Studies that...
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...identity, self-consciousness, and cognitive flexibility. In the past decade, it has been demonstrated that various regions of the human brain undergo development during adolescence and beyond. Some of the brain regions that undergo particularly protracted development are involved in social cognitive function in adults. In the first section of this paper, I briefly describe evidence for a circumscribed network of brain regions involved in understanding other people. Next, I describe evidence that some of these brain regions undergo structural development during adolescence. Finally, I discuss recent studies that have investigated social cognitive development during adolescence. The first time Uta Frith made an impression on me was when I was 15. That year I was given a copy of her book Autism: Explaining the Enigma (U. Frith, 1989), which had recently been published. I knew nothing about autism and found Uta’s book captivating. It inspired me to write to its author and ask if I could do a week’s work experience in her lab. With characteristic generosity, Uta agreed. So in the summer of 1990, I spent a week in the Medical Research Council (MRC) Cognitive Development Unit, where I observed children with autism being tested on the Sally Anne task, and joined in when Uta’s group were generating spoonerisms like Dob Bylan and Himi Jendrix. At the time, I didn’t quite...
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...The current paper will examine eight recent studies in social neuroscience that have examined the distinct neural responses of stigma components when viewing stigmatized individuals. To assess the effect of the stigma subcomponent of controllability on neural processing, twelve healthy-weight female participants (mean age = 22.2) viewed video clips of actors that were of healthy weight, were obese due to an uncontrollable medical condition, or were obese due to controllable actions (Azevedo et. al., 2014). Participants viewed videos of actors being subjected to pain or a pain-free condition and were asked to complete an implicit association test (IAT) and use a likert scale questionnaire to rate feelings of pity, disgust, envy and pride while undergoing fMRI neuroimaging. Actors that were obese due to an uncontrollable medical condition elicited more pity, but the two groups elicited similar feelings of disgust. Additionally, bias scores, measured by the IAT, were found to...
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...Effects of Childhood Abuse Melissa Huff Vista Online Effects of Childhood Abuse C.G. Jung said, "I am not what happened to me, I am what I choose to become." According to the United States Department of Justice 60 percent of children, 17 years old and younger, were exposed to violence within the past year either directly or indirectly. Children’s exposure to violence, whether as victims or witnesses, is often associated with long-term physical, psychological, and emotional harm. Children exposed to violence are also at a higher risk of engaging in criminal behavior later in life and becoming part of a cycle of violence. Children exposed to violence are more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol; suffer from depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic disorders; fail or have difficulty in school, and become delinquent and engage in criminal behavior. Sixty percent of American children were exposed to violence, crime, or abuse in their homes, schools, and communities. Almost 40 percent of American children were direct victims of two or more violent acts, and one in ten were victims of violence five or more times. Children are more likely to be exposed to violence and crime than adults. Almost one in ten American children saw one family member assault another family member, and more than 25 percent had been exposed to family violence during their life. A child’s exposure to one type of violence increases the likelihood that the child will be exposed...
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...Motivation and the Brain Paper Due: April 29, 2013 Psy/355 Motivation and the Brain Paper Certain nutrients have been found in scientific literature to support the structural and functional health of the brain, and the nessessary componets in protecting against brain related diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's (Hall, 2011). Several parts of the brain initiates, and maintains motivation that engages in healthy eating. Some researchers say that evolutionary factors come into play. Factors like reinforcements of endorphins and serotonin activity producing the fullness and well-being feelings after eating (Stone, 2011). If one tries denying these reinforcing experiences, this causes difficulty maintaining a stablized diet. According to Psychological musings, factors such as biological, and enviornmental influences help in the implecation of new, and specific behavior like maintaining a healthy diet (Stone, 2011). To maintain continual motivation in healthy eating there are many brain structures that do contribute. Brain structures that maintain the motivation for healthy eating are the limbic system, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and the amygdala. These structures together form new memories, regulate emotions that maintain positive attitudes about considered diet changes (Stone, 2011). The limbic system is linked with reward, and motivation. This system has a very important role in healthy eating. This allows the...
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...Psychophysiological Research DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12209 Dissociable effects of psychopathic traits on cortical and subcortical visual pathways during facial emotion processing: An ERP study on the N170 PEDRO R. ALMEIDA,a,b FERNANDO FERREIRA-SANTOS,a JOANA B. VIEIRA,a,c PEDRO S. MOREIRA,a,b FERNANDO BARBOSA,a and JOÃO MARQUES-TEIXEIRAa a Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal School of Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal b c Abstract This study examined the relation between psychopathic traits and the brain response to facial emotion by analyzing the N170 component of the ERP. Fifty-four healthy participants were assessed for psychopathic traits and exposed to images of emotional and neutral faces with varying spatial frequency content. The N170 was modulated by the emotional expressions, irrespective of psychopathic traits. Fearless dominance was associated with a reduced N170, driven by the low spatial frequency components of the stimuli, and dependent on the tectopulvinar visual pathway. Conversely, coldheartedness was related to overall enhanced N170, suggesting mediation by geniculostriate processing. Results suggest that different dimensions of psychopathy are related to distinct facial emotion processing mechanisms and support the existence of both amygdala deficits and compensatory...
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