...thinking and Ethics Andrea Parham Gen/201 02/09/15 Lisa Moellering Critical thinking and ethics are important things to use while decision making, defining critical thinking, knowing the process of critical thinking, and knowing how you’re preferred ethical lens all play a part in how you make decisions. Defining Critical Thinking What is critical thinking? Critical thinking is self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking that is clear, rational, open-minded, and informed by evidence. Critical thinking is also the mental process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information to reach an answer or conclusion while sustaining judgment. The Critical Thinking Process The steps in the critical thinking process are as following: Remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating. These six levels of thinking actual build on each other. Remembering is the first level this action calls for recalling information heard or read. The next step is understanding, once you have remembered what you have read or heard, or seen now you have to make sure you understand it. A great way to master this step is by relating what you already know. Get personal with the information obtained as the more you relate it to things you know the more you will comprehend what you remembered. The third step is applying, this step allows you to put task to practical use so you are applying what you remembered...
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...An Evaluation of Critical Thinking and Ethics in Decision Making Critical thinking is applying a mindset that is appropriate in decision making and determination of fact vs. fiction. Ethics are made up of moral principles weather personal or professional your ethics play a role in decision making too. Critical thinking and Ethics together are very important while making decisions. Logic and your personal standards are combined to determine the best action for optimal results. Critical thinking is purposeful reasoned and goal directed. It achieves an understanding that relates well to each other. Reacting with systematic evaluation to what you have heard or read. It is the skills and attitudes. Critical thinking is the search to identify better opinions, decisions or judgment. Goodpaster and Levine (2010), describe creative thinking, organization, logical thinking, scientific thinking, persuasive thinking, and problem solving as all being part of critical thinking. The steps to critical thinking are as follows, remembering: recalling key terms, facts, or events. Understanding; explaining the idea in your own words and being able to summarize. Applying; applying the idea to get results, ex. completing a task, reaching a goal, solving a problem. Analyzing; can the idea be divided into parts, groups or steps. Evaluating; rate the truth, usefulness or quality of the idea. Creating; can the idea be useful for inventing something new. These steps are important concepts when...
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...observations and conversations held with various college students and the resulting inferences made. This summary will recap the situation; formulate conclusions, and present recommendations for actions to be taken to remedy the obstacles that are evident. Summary of the Situation "Personal Responsibility" has effectively made progress for college students to succeed. Our research shows that with taking full ownership in personal responsibility, college students have a higher rate of succeeding. It is essential in taking responsibility and setting goals to make sure you succeed at the end. The information that I gathered really helps you to take a look at how personal responsibility and ownership work hand in hand. I believe that life is a learning experience and being able to recognize our own strengths and weaknesses can help us become better individuals in anything we choose to do, whether it is positive abilities and skills that can help achieve our goals or negative personal areas that need improvement. Knowing yourself and what you can do, can help you recognize and overcome your weaknesses. about being accountable for our actions and being conscious of the impact your actions have on others, our communities, and the environment. By taking an active participation in resolving some of the issues, we as individuals should all strive to set good examples by applying and adhering to socially responsible practices, such as improving the quality of lives for individuals and...
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...Critical Thinking and Ethics Chelsea Fitzgerald GEN/201 June 22, 2016 Jenifer Casey Critical Thinking and Ethics The human race has come a long way from the basic instincts of survival to the inventions such as cars and telephones to improve the quality of life. The skill of critical thinking was used in such devices as well as the innovations to improve the products. There are many definitions of critical thinking; some are just a brief statement, and some are described in over one hundred words. However, the primary definition of critical thinking is defined as disciplined thinking that is clear, rational, open-minded and informed by evidence. By taking the path of critical thinking, one goes through the process of evaluating themselves to determine their code of conduct. Ethics plays an important role when applying critical thinking to any given situation. Critical thinking is a complex process that can be broken down into six steps. The first and lowest step of the process is remembering. Memorization can be very useful, but it is empty if the material isn’t comprehended. The second phase of the process is understanding. This step is a little more important to the process because one has to have a general knowledge of the subject to summarize and express your ideas on the topic at hand. Ellis (1984) stated, “ Effective reading calls for listening and understanding while suspending judgment.” Applying what you remember...
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...Utilitarianism and Business Ethics INTRODUCTION Welcome to philosophicalinvestigations - a site dedicted to ethical thinking (rather than one page summaries!!! Though I'm afraid I do add those at exam time - market pressures!). I hope you enjoy this case study which also has a powerpoint that goes with it. There's plenty of other useful material on this site - case studies, handouts, powerpoints and summaries, and also I have written a number of books including best-selling revision guides and a useful book on 'How to Write Philosophy Essays". Click here for details. If you're worried about exams you might at least print out my strengths and weaknesses summaries under each moral theory. I deliberately quote only from my five favourite ethics books, click here to find out which they are - because you might like to buy one of them to supplement your study. Of course, it's important to quote the philosophers themselves in their own words - see my handouts, or for what academics say about them - see the key quotes section under the topic area of each moral theory. And if you'd like to blog on anything in the news send it to me - I'd be delighted to read it and - if it fulfils the criterion of good ethical thinking (!), post it!!!!! Utilitarianism is a normative, consequentialist, empirical philosophy which links the idea of a good action to one which promotes maximum pleasure or happiness, found by adding up costs and benefits (or pains and pleasures). It has two classic formulations...
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...Relationship between Critical Thinking and Ethics Elijah Largesse University of Phoenix Foundations for University Success GEN/201 Suzann Connell December 20, 2015 Relationship between Critical Thinking and Ethics Definition of Critical Thinking The definition of critical thinking is the process of using multiple mental and physical ways to free us from nonsense and self-deception. “When we think critically, we can make choices with open eyes” (Ellis, 2015, p. 202). Critical thinking forces us to look at every aspect of what is wrote, spoken, or communicated to us through verbal or non-verbal methods. The Critical Thinking process is something that can be obtained overtime if applied correctly. Description of the steps in the Critical Thinking process The description of the steps in the critical thinking process can be labeled in six steps. The six steps are as follows based on Pyscologist Benjamin Bloom:(Anderson & Krathwohl, 2001, p. 55). 1. Remembering, this tool promotes you to recall key terms, facts, or events. 2. Understanding, this tool ensures that you can explain the idea in your own words. 3. Applying, this tool asks the question of “ how can I use a certain idea to have the result or results I desire”. 4. Analyzing, this tool ensures that you can divide all the ideas into parts, groups, or steps to come to your final conclusion. 5. Evaluating, this level is probably the most crucial in the Critical...
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...Summary Case : “Ethics : A Basic Framework” Business ethics are basic moral principles that guide both people and companies behaviour in business world. Ethics in business are important because it has important implication for company’s function as an organization, ability to manage risk, and company reputation in marketplace. Ethcis become important in make company reputation because market participants are often make ethcial judgement about the company and some will even be rewarded or punished. If a company run the business with good corporate governance, lawfully, and protecting human right so that company will have at least good reputation among market participants. There are a framework of business ethics that contain four concepts with ethical theory and its associated to the fundamental question that an business actor shoud consider when evaluating a possible course of action : * Duties. All of business actor is required to be capable of fulfilling their basic duties and the basic moral duty is a requirement to act or not to act in certain ways. They have to understand what their duties are, because the action they do may give rise to critism or blame so that the problem is, “ïs the action that they do consistent with their basic duties?” * Rights. A right is an entitlement to certain behaviour from other people so that the actor have to respect others right. The action must consider the question : “Does it respect the rights and other legitimate claims of the...
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...INFORMATION PAPER ATSJ-BTB 23 JULY 2013 SUBJECT: Summary of the Army White Paper: A Profession of Arms 1. Purpose: To summarize the Army White Paper: A Profession of Arms and capture the thesis, main points, and objective of the writer. 2. Facts: a. The author notes the purpose of his writing in the beginning prologue, “This White Paper serves to facilitate an Army-wide dialog about our Profession of Arms. It is neither definitive nor authoritative, but a starting point with which to begin discussion.” He alludes to future refinement of the paper once TRADOC receives feedback from the Army community. b. Organized into five sections, A Profession of Arms begins by defining “Profession” and its implications to the Army. The paper then delves into the Army’s “Professional Culture,” before discussing the effects of “Army Ethics” in developing that culture. Lastly, it analyzes the role of U.S. society in the development of Army ethics and culture. The paper concludes with possible future changes in the meaning “Profession of Arms” after a decade of war and a request to begin a community dialogue on this topic. c. To start the discussion, the author defines Profession when he states, “Professions produce uniquely expert work, not routine or repetitive work.” He continues by describing truly expert work as taking years of study and practice. The writer transitions into how the Army is an “American Profession of Arms, a vocation comprised of experts...
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...This paper will be discussing the relationship between critical thinking and ethics. Critical thinking plays a huge role in ethics. Critical thinking is a clear and rational, open minded and informed. Ethics is moral principles that govern a person or group behavior and rule of conduct. Definition of critical thinking is the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action. Critical thinking involves the use of a group of interconnected skills to analyze, creatively integrate, and evaluate what you read and hear, there are six steps of critical thinking. Knowledge, in terms of critical thinking, the basic level of acquisition of knowledge requires that you be able to identify what is being said: the topic, the issue, the thesis, and the main points. Comprehension, means understanding the material read, heard or seen. In comprehending, you make the new knowledge that you have acquired your own by relating it to what you already know. Application requires that you know what you have read, heard, or seen, that you comprehend it, and that you carry out some task to apply what you comprehend to an actual situation. Analysis, involves breaking what you read or hear into its component parts, in order to make clear how the ideas are ordered, related...
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...The Ethics of the NSA Mass-Surveillance Program University Name Student Name Course Number/Name Professor Name Date Introduction One of the most explosive scandals of the 21st century was involved the National Security Agency (NSA), and the revelations that the agency had set up a robust, warrantless mass surveillance program in the years after the 9/11 attacks. Designed to pick up bits of intelligence that could be used in order to thwart future 9/11 attacks, critics of the program argued that not only was it unconstitutional given the lack of warrants obtained prior to engaging in the program, but that it was ineffective at stopping any kind of real terrorism. Supporters pushed back that the program was an essential tool for fighting terrorists who had become more advanced digitally, often using the internet in order to communicate with each other. Much of the discussion on the program related to the ethical appropriateness of the NSA’s activities. This paper will summarize the NSA’s surveillance program and discuss it from the perspective of utilitarianism and Kantian ethics; in addition, the paper will discuss the author’s personal viewpoint of the program. Summary of the Program The NSA spying program, named the “Terrorist Surveillance Program” by the New York Times, focused on monitoring the communications of between 500 and 1000 people within the United States with suspected ties to Al-Qaeda (Dunn, 2015). Many of these individuals were American citizens,...
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...Toshiba Summary: In February 2015, a financial watchdog in Japan cautioned the financial community of possible accounting irregularities at Toshiba, so an independent panel was put in place to investigate the watchdog’s claims. In April, Toshiba made public that it was going to restate its profit for fiscal years 2011 through 2013 by at least ¥50B (or $419M) due to accounting irregularities at three units of the company (Power System, Social Infrastructure System and Community Solutions). In July 2015, the independent panel indicated that Toshiba overstated its profits by ¥150B ($1.2B), primarily in its electric power systems business from fiscal years 2009 through fiscal year 2013, plus additional irregularities in Toshiba’s personal computer and semiconductor business. The findings forced Toshiba’s Corp. President Hisao Tanaka and several other executives to step down in July. The accounting scheme may have started around 2008 during the global financial crisis, but it is believed that it deepened after Japan’s March 2011 earthquake, tsunami and nuclear disasters because Toshiba supplied two of the reactors affected at the Fukushima Daiichi plant. After this event, Japan shut down the remainder of the nuclear operations at the site, and the demand for nuclear energy around the world was reduced. Toshiba, having a large stake of its business in the nuclear energy production, became affected by the events in 2011, so management at Toshiba set aggressive sales and profit...
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...BUSINESS FACULTY Course Handbook 2015–16 BUSI1314 - Business Ethics Level 5: 15 Credits Contents 1. WELCOME .......................................................................................................... 3 2. INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE ............................................................................... 4 1.1. AIMS .............................................................................................................. 4 1.2. LEARNING OUTCOMES ............................................................................................. 4 2.3 LEARNING AND TEACHING ACTIVITIES .............................................................................. 4 2.4 EXPECTED STUDY TIME ............................................................................................ 4 2.5 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS....................................................................................... 4 3. CONTACT DETAILS................................................................................................ 5 3.1 EXTERNAL EXAMINING OF YOUR COURSE AND PROGRAMMES OF STUDY ............................................ 5 4. COURSE CONTENT AND DESIGN ................................................................................ 7 4.1 PLANNED TERM DATES: ........................................................................................... 7 4.2 SESSION PLAN................................................................
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...IFAC’s recently released Revised Code of Ethics applies to all professional accountants - whether you work in practice, in industry, in academe, or in government. It is effective from June 30, 2006. Accountancy Ireland asked ICAI member, Richard George, Chairman of the IFAC Ethics Committee to explain the background to the development of the revised code and to give our readers a brief overview of what it covers. Many Irish Chartered Accountants are probably only vaguely aware of the existence of IFAC - the International Federation of Accountants - as a global body that sets professional standards for the accountancy profession and of which their Institute is a member. A much smaller number would have any detailed knowledge of what these professional standards cover or of how they impact on local requirements as promulgated by their own Institute. This article is about ethical matters and the activities of the IFAC Ethics Committee. Besides ethics, IFAC Boards and Committees develop international standards on auditing and assurance (ISAs), on education and on public sector accounting. Each of the member bodies of IFAC - there are 163 currently from all parts of the globe - undertakes to use their best endeavours, subject to national laws and regulations, to implement the standards issued by IFAC in each of these fields. So, ICAI - and indeed, the other UK and Irish based accounting bodies that have members in Ireland - have obligations to promulgate IFAC standards and to monitor...
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...UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX ONLINE Course Syllabus Please print a copy of this syllabus for handy reference. Whenever there is a question about what assignments are due, please remember this syllabus is considered to be the ruling document. [pic] Course Information COURSE NUMBER: PHL 323 COURSE TITLE: Ethics in Management COURSE START DATE: 3/9/2010 COURSE END DATE: 4/12/2010 |Required Text: |Nelson, K., & Trevino, L. (2004). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it | | |right (3rd ed.). New York: Wiley | | |Note: All materials can be found on the [pic] course page. The [pic]page can be accessed | | |through the University of Phoenix Student and Faculty Web site at http://ecampus.phoenix.edu | |Electronic Resources: |View the Electronic Reserve Readings page in [pic] for selected articles. | | |University Library Electronic Reserve Readings (ERR) (2004). Retrieved May 1st, 2004, from | | |University of Phoenix Library. Weekly Electronic Reserve Readings can be located on the | | |[pic] page for this course. ...
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...ATSE-DI 22 July 2015 MEMORANDUM FOR Battalion Commander SUBJECT: Summary of “The Profession of Arms. An Army White Paper,” 8 Dec 2010 1. Purpose. The purpose is to provide a summary of the White Paper and its focus on the Army as a Profession of Arms (POA). Persistent conflict, 21st century threats and societal obligations demand that the Army reassess the POA. It is imperative that Army leaders facilitate an open dialogue utilizing the White Paper as the guiding framework to define what it means to be a POA, develop expectations of professional Soldiers, and maintain a balanced civil-military relationship. 2. Facts. a. The Army must establish what it means to be a POA. This starts by defining a professional as an organization or individual providing a unique service with expertise. Professionals develop their expertise over many years of study and practice. The Army is a profession because it has the unique core purpose of applying lethal force. This results in a moral obligation by the Army to develop and use their expertise in the best interests of society. This necessitates not only defining the POA, but to also maintaining the profession through individual life long development and balancing the role of the profession’s leaders. b. The Army must stratify the expectations of a professional Soldier. To effect this, the Army must direct a concerted effort in the institutional and operational domains to revamp personnel...
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