...Arousal, Behavior, Stress, and the Affect Arousal, Behavior, Stress, and the Affect * This paper will discuss arousal, behavior, stress and the affects. I will first review the difference between physiological and psychological needs, also providing examples. Secondly this paper will discuss the relationship between arousal and behavior. It will also review if there is an affect or impact on performance. Finally this paper will review and access the long-term and short-term effects of stress on the body, brain and behavior. * Physiological needs refer to deficits that exist in the material body or brain. Physiological needs refer to deficits that exist in the material body or brain. Psychological needs, however, do not have any material existence and are mental or psychological in nature (Deckers, 2010). The body has specific needs and if those needs are not met than a physiological need is created. However a psychological drive results when an organism does not receive a needed substance per Decker, 2010 Drives, Needs, and Awareness 8th chapter. A physiological need is responsible for pushing an organism into action. Abraham Maslow examined needs and put them in to tiers from the lowest to the highest. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization (Deckers, 2010). Physiological needs would be considered the most important and fulfilled first, however self-actualization needs are taken care of last...
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...Arousal, Behavior, Stress, and Affect Worksheet Psy/355 9/28/2014 1. What are the differences between physiological and psychological needs? Provide examples of each in your response. According to Marketing MiMi. hu. (n.d.), physiological needs are the “innate human feelings of deprivation related to an individual’s well-being” (Para. 1). These are things such as air, food, heat, water, shelter, and the primary needs of the necessities of life and survival. These needs are greatest of concern for human life and will be the first needs of the individual that is satisfied. Marketing MiMi. hu. Psychological needs (n.d.) also sates the psychological needs are the “innate human feelings of deprivation related to an individual’s mental well-being” (Para.1). Individuals and psychologists value the following as crucial to happiness and health of humans. Needs such as acceptance, education, belonging, family, friendship, happiness, honesty, love, pride, reputation, respect, safety, security, self-esteem, success, trust, and self-actualization. Maslow would develop the hierarchy of needs in 1943. His pyramid would start at the bottom with physiological needs, then safety, love/belonging, esteem, and the tip would be self-actualization. The most basic of needs would show the representation at the base of the pyramid. The differences with physiological and psychological needs are obvious to humans. If people do not meet their physiological needs, the individual would not meet its requirement...
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...Arousal, Behavior, Stress, and Affect Paper Lauretha Morris PSY 355 January 24, 2012 It is necessary to understand the difference between physiological and psychological needs due to the changing in our environment. There is a close behavior pattern between the brain structure and motivation behavior that is very helpful in understanding the habits which are formed to be unhealthy to individuals. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs postulates that the needs of a person are organized into an ascending structure, going from lower physiological needs to the needs of safety, belongingness, esteem, and self- actualization (Deckers, 2005). The difference between physiological and psychological needs is that physiological is physical and it tends to deal with our thought processes and the way that the brain works. A cognitive neuroscience and focuses on the branch of biology dealing with functions and the activities of living organisms and their parts which include all the physical and chemical processes are what physiological psychology is known as. Something such as a drug, a physiological reaction would often refer to how the body physically reacts. Organisms, organ systems, organs, cell and bio molecules carry...
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...Arousal, Behavior, Stress, and Affect Worksheet Using the text for this course, the University Library, the Internet, and/or other resources answer the following questions. Your response to each question should be at least 250 words in length. 1. What are the differences between physiological and psychological needs? Provide examples of each in your response. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs postulates that the needs of a person are organized into an ascending structure, going from the lower physiological needs to the needs of safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization (Deckers, 2010). Maslow hypothesized that the lower needs have to be addressed before the higher needs can be attended to. Physiological needs include the homeostatic balance of food intake (blood glucose levels), water consumption (intercellular and extracellular fluid levels), sleep (Circadian Rhythms), activity, and sexual needs. The internal motives created by these physiological needs manifest themselves as psychological drives, or an, “…internal push, urge, or force that moves a person into action” (Deckers, 2010). On the other hand, the concurrent physiological counterpart of psychological needs is much more speculative. Atkinson seemed to believe that psychological needs could be described as incentive categories, but Deckers cautions that the idea of internal psychological needs acting to select external incentives is not always clear-cut, or obvious. The rest of Maslow’s hierarchy would constitute...
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...Using the text for this course, the University Library, the Internet, or other resources answer the following questions. Your response to each question must be at least 250 words in length. 1. What are the differences between physiological and psychological needs? Provide examples of each in your response. Answer: The differences between physiological needs and psychological needs are vast. One of the most important differences is that physiological needs are material as opposed to psychological need, which are mental and non-material in nature (Deckers, 2010). However, sometimes “psychological needs are assumed to emerge into consciousness from physiological needs (Deckers, 2010)”. The physiological needs entail the need for oxygen, water, vitamins, warmth, cool, rest, avoidance of pain, and urination among many others. In order to satisfy these needs, things like food, air, water, etc., must be provided. For example, to satisfy hunger, one would need to provide food. If the food is not provided, the person’s glucose level will become lower, they will probably suffer nausea, lightheadedness and low energy levels since the physiological needs are responsible for pushing the individual’s organism into action. Without the satisfaction of the physiological need, it is possible that the individual’s physical wellbeing would be negatively affected (Deckers, 2010). On the other hand, although psychological needs like physiological needs center around the notion of a...
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...physiological is when you have gone the whole day without eating your stomach will began to feel the hunger pains. Also when sitting in a cool room your body will feel how cool it is by having the chills or a cold noes or cold feet. So basically the physiological controls the body tempura. The psychological examples of your mental stability and they both are a essential to help establish a person development and operate in a nature matter. Whenever a physiological need is meet the psychological need can be motivated because they both help each other. 1. Arousal is best described as a “refers to as the mobilization or activation of energy that occurs in preparation or during actual behavior, “My heart is pounding” implies physiological arousal while “I feel tense and anxious” implies psychological arousal.(Decker, 2010) In combination with neurological or brain arousal, these are the different categories of arousal that have been studied.” (Decker, 2010). As...
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...Material Arousal, Behavior, Stress, and Affect Worksheet Using the text for this course, the University Library, the Internet, or other resources answer the following questions. Your response to each question must be at least 250 words in length. 1. What are the differences between physiological and psychological needs? Provide examples of each in your response. The main differences between these two different types of needs, physiological are more for our internal needs and psychological is more external. Physiological needs are if we are hunger, tired, thirsty, and the temperature of our bodies. Psychological needs are associated with feeling good, confidence, happiness, to have relationships with others. We need physiological and psychological needs to survive, we need to be able to protect our minds and bodies, if we get sick our body is telling us something and then probably one of needs are not getting met. So our minds and bodies help us to determine if there is a problem or if we are having fun, our emotions helps to make the best decision for our bodies. There are many different theories about why and what needs are most important to us, and it is important to respond to the appropriate signs when our body is trying to tell us something, and to keep up the best you can to give our bodies and mind all of the appropriate needs, and this will ensure a happy, healthy life. 2. What is the relationship between arousal and behavior? Does this...
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...struggles with stress and anxiety? If not, explain your general arousal personality. What are possible factors that influence your arousal, stress, and anxiety status before an event? What are strategies that you can apply to reduce stress and anxiety and maintain appropriate arousal levels? PSYC 460 Forum Week 4 Ways to enhance social support Ways to increase proximity Ways to increase group distinctiveness Ways to create a perception of fairness Ways to increase similarity PSYC 460 Forum Week 5 Psychology Skills Training PSYC 460 Forum Week 6 Goal-Setting PSYC 460 Forum Week 7 Exercise and Psychology Well-being PSYC 460 Forum Week 8 Part 1: Young athletes participate in and discontinue sport programs for a variety of reasons. Stress can also significantly affect a young athlete's sport participation. Addictive behaviors can influence both participation and performance. In this activity, you'll reflect on your childhood youth sport experiences and determine what factors played a role in your decision to participate in and discontinue participation in a youth sport program. Part 2: Stress and addictive behaviors can have a significant impact on youth sport participants. To help them cope with stress and/or addictive behaviors, you can adapt and use several anxiety reduction techniques that are relevant for children. Identify and explain three. Part 3: In frustrating sport situations, young people are particularly influenced by adult behavior. Why do...
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...1. Inverted-U hypothesis 3.9 For low complexity tasks, a high level of arousal is best; For medium complexity tasks, a medium level of arousal is best; For high complexity tasks, a low level of arousal is best. 2. Social support moderator variables reduce the impact of stress on physical and mental health: aid and succor provided by members of one’s social networks” 3. Coping effort are… efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands created by stress It is most adaptive to use a variety of coping strategies. Coping strategies vary in their adaptive value The ability to deal with general misfortune can either help or hinder the coping with a loss. created by beliefs. If my beliefs leads to behaviors of non compliance, my coping is diminished. If my beliefs lead to acceptance, then I am able to adapt and cope. 4. There is evidence that stress is related to Cultural change feeling there is not enough time to accomplish tasks. 5. a) b) Catastrophic thinking Attributing failures to personal shortcomings; Blaming yourself Focusing on negative feedback Being overly pessimistic perpetuates negative emotional reactions to stress. become highly critical of themselves when stressed. c) d)defense mechanism linked to poor health avoidance strategies 6. Using time more effectively stress, not enough time to accomplish tasks. improved by using the time effectivelyThe causes of wasted time Inability to set or stick to priorities. Inability to say...
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...STRESS - we all have it, we all feel, but just how important is it? How much does stress influence our daily lives? How much does stress influence our lives long-term? Can stress Kill us? Is it all bad? I. BACKGROUND In 1925 a second year medical student named Hans Selye observed that people suffering from a wide variety of somatic (physical) disorders all seemed to have the same or similar symptoms. For example, many of these people reported: decreased appetite, decreased muscular strength and endurance, and lowered levels of ambition or drive. Selye, unable to find a common disease or disorder to explain these behaviors, called this group of symptoms, the SYNDROME OF JUST BEING SICK. In addition, he found that these symptoms occurred whenever: the human organism needed to adapt to a changing internal or external environment. This was the first observation and identification that eventually led to the term STRESSAt first, Selye defined STRESS as, a nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it. Even this initial definition implies that not all stress is a result of "bad" things happening to us. Later, his JUST BEING SICK syndrome evolved into the GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME which he defined as, the physiological processes and results of stress. From this, we get a modern, more comprehensive definition of STRESS: a psychological and physical response of the body that occurs whenever we must adapt to changing conditions, whether those conditions be real...
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...PSY 100 Stress and Coping Dr. Anna Abraham REQUIRED READING: 1. Chapter 19 (Pages 481-489, 492-497, 499, 502-503) INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY (9th Edition) – R. Plotnik & Kouyoumdjian LECTURE HANDOUT 1. Appraisal Definition Stress and Appraisal - Primary Appraisal (a) Harm/Loss (negative) (b) Threat (negative) (c) Challenge (positive) - From appraisal to arousal: emotions, stress and arousal levels differ as a function of the kind of stress 2. Physiological Response Fight or Flight response (a) Appraisal (b) Amygdala & Hypothalamus (c) Sympathetic nervous system – arousal o Respiration, Heart Rate, Adrenal glands, muscle tension o Stomach, Liver, Pupils, Hair - Tend and Befriend response (a) Gender Differences - General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) PSY 100 (a) Alarm stage (b) Resistance stage (c) Exhaustion stage Stress and Coping Dr. Anna Abraham 3. Kinds of Stressors Hassles (Gender differences) Major Life events (Adjustment disorder) 4. Situational Stressors Frustration Burnout Violence 5. Conflicts Approach-Approach Avoidance-Avoidance Approach-Avoidance Five Styles of dealing with conflict (avoidance, accommodation, domination, compromise, integration) 6. Positive Stress Eustress Challenge situations 7. Personality and Social Factors Hardiness Locus of control Optimism versus Pessimism Positive Psychology Personality type (Type A, Type B, Type D) Social Support PSY 100 Stress and Coping Dr. Anna Abraham ...
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...in women suffering from hysteria. After WII, psychiatrists noted the severity of psychological illness of soldiers who had been in combat; and would then theorize that some individuals were predisposed to trauma while others were resilient and could cope with the stress war related events. Throughout the 21st century more and more psychologists have found evidence to support that exposure to a traumatic event or several traumatic events causes profound changes in an individual’s psychological state and has today become an area of concentration and specialization. According to Herman, traumatic events produce profound and lasting changes in physiological arousal, emotion, cognition and memory. Moreover, traumatic events may sever these normally integrated functions from one another. A victim of trauma may cope with overloaded internal balancing mechanisms by displaying one or more of the three main elements of post-traumatic stress disorder; hyper-arousal, intrusion or constriction. In a state of hyper arousal, the system of self-preservation goes into permanent alert as if the danger could return at any moment. A person who has experienced traumatic events may display high levels of anxiety, due the constant arousal of the autonomic nervous system. Attempts to avoid...
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...Jennifer Gay Okefenokee Technical College Psychology 1101 July 7, 2014 Abstract Transvestic fetishism is defined as sexual arousal which is brought upon by fantasizing and wearing clothing designed specifically for the opposite sex. This disorder more commonly affects men who prefer woman’s clothing, undergarments or other items. This is partly due to the fact that many men’s styles today are also appropriate for women. The difference is when a man chooses hosiery, makeup or high heeled shoes it becomes out of place in society. The disorder affects mainly heterosexual or bisexual men who usually prefer sexual relations with women. The disorder is not usually diagnosed unless the fetish begins to interfere with the person’s normal, everyday life. Transvestic fetishism is defined by the mental health professional’s handbook, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition text revision (DSM-IV-TR), as a paraphilia. A paraphilia is a mental disorder characterized by obsession with unusual sexual practices or with sexual activity involving non-consenting or inappropriate partners (such as children or animals). The most prevalent features of transvestic fetishism is recurrent intense sexual urges and sexually arousing fantasies involving dressing in clothing associated with members of the opposite sex. A commonly used term for transvestic fetishism is cross-dressing and people who frequently engage in cross-dressing are sometimes called transvestites...
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...throw it in the goal. The game is quite fast and includes a lot of body contact, as the defenders try to stop the attackers from approaching the ball. (About Applied Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2007) With a game like European handball, a game plan will be needed as well as many strategies and a scheme to win the game will need to be set in place. There are strategies’ that not only improve my endurance and my fitness, but certain psychology strategies that improve my performance physically and mentally. If I want to take my game to the next level I have to be willing to take my training far beyond where most handball players stop. By over coming performance fears, injuries, stress and reaching certain goals there are many strategies that can be done to do so. (Quinn, 2013) Motivation, Anxiety and Arousal are the three main strategies that I used to improve in my performance. Getting good in a sport requires both physical and mental. You have to work hard on your conditioning and physical game to make it happening. A game strategy such as motivation is the best way to get you on top. Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that is driven by an interest or enjoyment of the particular sport itself. And exists within the individual rather than relying on external pressures or a desire reward. Students who are intrinsically motivated are more likely to engage in the task willingly as well as work to improve their skills, which will in crease their capabilities. (Schater, 2011)...
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...This is a research paper on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in which it explains that the treatment of this mental condition goes beyond regular mental health treatment. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: The War at Home Regina N. Chance Kwoya Fagin, Professor ENG215 Research and Writing 7 August 2010 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: Takes Special Medical Care The government is awesome at getting men ready for war, but they can’t quite get them back to civilian life and a humble heart. - JUNIOR ENLISTED MARINE, POST-IRAQ After we came back, many of us were only back in body. Our souls stayed over there. – ARMY COMBAT ENGINEER, POST-IRAQ Transition can mean the big picture of how a warrior has to try to adjust back into society, but the short term is very critical, from when a warrior leaves the battlefield to when they hit the streets at home. If there’s one thing I learned from my experiences, it was that there was no transition at all. –VIETNAM VETERAN Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has become the major medical issue with our soldiers returning from the war in Iraq and Afghanistan. For many soldiers, it is a badge of honor to have served but for most, it is a start to an endless battle of finding the courage to continue to serve or be labeled an unfit soldier for the military and useless to their family. PTSD affects not only the soldier’s way of life but the core of who the soldier is. For this...
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