... IMV vehicles are five models with three body vehicles and those shared a common platform. It is a fast way to reduce costs and gain profits. 2. Toyota has hedged against disruption of the supply chain by building in a degree of inventory, which is in contrast to the norm of eliminating waste found in Toyota’s Japanese, North American and European facilities. What other risk factors are present with the management of a regionally constructed and globally linked production structure? First, all production does not have to rely on components sourced, which is expensive. Second, operating in emerging economies can also bring associated risks, particularly with regard to disruption of the supply chain. Moreover, Toyota’s in East Asia has emerged from the necessity of dealing with the complex nature of the regional division of labor and of a need for better coordination of supply chains and parts complementation under AFTA. 3. Given Toyota’s close coordination of the value chain, in particular its relations with component suppliers, and commitment to localization, is this a model that other automakers can emulate? I think other automakers can draw on this...
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...ten years, The Asian Financial Crisis was followed by The Global Financial Crisis in 2008. “The precise genesis of the global crisis remains subject to debate. (Lin 2012, Treichel 2012, p.3) “We will argue that global imbalances were the result of the large excess demand in the U.S. over an extended period—the financing of which was made possible by the reserve currency status of the US dollar. “This excess demand resulted from both the public debt” and “the overconsumption by households.” (Lin 2012, Treichel 2012, p.3) “As shock waves of the global financial crisis (GFC) reached East Asia in autumn 2008 immediately after the collapse of Lehman Brothers in September, the region faced the task of evaluating and reassessing the economic cooperation efforts of the previous ten years” (Katada 2011, p.274) Thus by evaluating and reassessing the economic cooperation of those previous ten years East Asia was able to maintain its flexibility during the Global Financial Crisis. The aim/purpose of this assignment is to show how the Asian economies have performed during and after the Global Financial Crisis, in relation to the structural transformation, in the role of the state/government, businesses, labour relations and regional...
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...Apple took such strategic production and location decisions 8 4.0 Conclusion and Recommendation 9 5.0 References 10 1.0 Introduction East Asian region has been seen as the world’s fastest growth centre for decades with the emerging of East Asian Tigers- Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan- shows that the world’s economic centre of gravity is gradually shifting East (Ando & Kimura, 2005). The World Bank (1993) listed this as “East Asian Miracle”. With more and more acceptance of globalization and trade liberalization in East Asia had formed international production network (IPN) – the cross-borders trades of parts and components to other countries or regions before the assembly of final product is completed (Saslavsky & Shepherd, 2012) – that caused East Asia countries to experience economic growth (Milberg & Winkler, 2010). Based on the above description of IPN, this paper describes the reasons why MNC in Asia utilize multiple production locations located in several countries for production of parts and components...
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...Asian Studies and International Relations. Considering both traditional and contemporary times, it seeks to place Asia’s diverse cultures in a global context. It examines issues such as how to define Asia, how Asian states related to each other, and how Western ideas of international relations have transformed these relations. The unit has two strands, each considering a set of ideas. First it examines the great religions/philosophies of Asian societies – Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Christianity and Confucianism – have influenced them. It then considers international relations theory and how theories can help us understand the complexities of Asian states’ relations with each other and the wider world. Credit point value 10 Pre-requisites Nil Co-requisites Nil Unit/s incompatible with and not to be counted for credit Nil Unit level 1 Assumed knowledge None Attendance requirements Attendance below 80% at tutorials without due cause may constitute grounds for failure. Non-attendance in tutorials for illness or misadventure or other reasons should be documented and submitted to the unit coordinator upon return. Enrolment restrictions Nil Unit learning outcomes Students who successfully complete this unit will be able to: • identify of the diversity and complexity of Asia; • explain the social manifestations and international political impact of Islam, Hinduism, Christianity, Buddhism and Confucianism in an Asian context; • evaluate the balance between continuity...
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...liberalization became a top priority. Whereas previous governments had pushed for the liberalisation of Japan, one of Clintons main foreign policy objectives was the liberalisation of the Asian economies. This process was pushed forth in Asia with such vehemence because the region held a lot of investment opportunities for American Banks, Brokerages, and other financial sector businesses. Unfortunately, Asia�s economies were not structurally ready to deal with the influx of capital that was headed their way. They had weak banking and legal systems that were unable, or unwilling, to regulate the flow of foreign capital in the country. The Americans eventually persuaded Koreato relax its capital flow regulations by giving it the option of joining the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Even then, Korea was concerned that its financial institutions may not be able to deal with an influx of foreign capital. One fatal mistake that Korea, as well as other Southeast Asian countries made, was that they opened their capital markets in the wrong way. They did not allow long term investments in Korean companies, but rather, only short-term investments that could be removed easily. One example of the sort of quick investments that were being made in Asia can be seen in the Japanese. In Japan the interest rates were very low, so investors would borrow at 2 percent and then convert their currency into Thai baht. Due to the interest rate differential, they were able to make a lot of...
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...Kuehne & Nagel in the Asia Pacific Prepared by: Satya Jagannathan KOTHIMANGALAM (G0750279L) Q 1. How do you see KN’s environment changing? The changes in the environment could be classified into the following – Regulatory changes: The formation of trade barrier-free European Union meant lower Customs Clearance (CC) revenue for Freight Forwarding (FF) companies. It used to form 60% of an FF company’s business and now was reduced considerably. Hence, companies like KN had to look for other avenues to make money. Changes in customer demand: Companies wanted to shorten their product cycles, squeeze out inefficiencies and make SCM their competitive advantage. They wanted companies which were transportation and distribution suppliers with IT capabilities and well-trained professionals. Since the requirements of these companies were very varied and companies had different bottlenecks, they would require specialised, custom services. Rise in global SCM spending: The world merchandise trade was growing by the rate of 12% annually and for MNCs, it was getting critical to manage their supply chains efficiently. The need of global SCM grew with MNCs doing business worldwide, the cultural differences that come with it and the IT logistical inefficiencies. Hence, the global spending on SCM was growing. Rise of new markets: The European markets were well-developed and saturated, while there was plenty of room for growth in Asia-Pacific (APAC) region. More and more MNCs were moving...
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...Between Sentiment and Self-Interest: Turkey's Policy toward Azerbaijan and the Central Asian States Author(s): Philip Robins Reviewed work(s): Source: Middle East Journal, Vol. 47, No. 4 (Autumn, 1993), pp. 593-610 Published by: Middle East Institute Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4328631 . Accessed: 14/11/2012 11:59 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . Middle East Institute is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Middle East Journal. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.72.230 on Wed, 14 Nov 2012 11:59:35 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions BETWEEN SENTIMENTAND SELF-INTEREST:TURKEY'S POLICY TOWARDAZERBAIJANAND THE CENTRALASIAN STATES Philip Robins HEN the new republics of CentralAsia and Azerbaijanbegan declaring theirindependencefromMoscow nearthe end of 1991,there was greatexcitement in certain Western circles about Turkey'sfuturerole in their development. Their bond was frequently mentioned, and...
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...In ‘Australians in Asia, ‘Asia in Australia’, Knight explored the relationship between Asia and Australia and discusses how there was limited trade and economic deals made due to the anxiety that Australia had towards Asia. Australia had established a relationship with Asia in the late 19th Century, however, were reluctant to further their bond, due to their tie they had with the British Empire. Consequently that all changed after the Pacific war, where Asia began transforming their economic stance in the world. Knight discusses of how Australia had established their relationship with Britain in the late 18th century. This relationship was the foundation of the Australia nation, where Australia relied heavily on the British empire for their...
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...Travel Itinerary Booking Details Booking Date Name Address Booking Number: : Thu 06 Dec 2012 : MOCH RIZKY , ARNANDA : JL RESAK NO 8, RT 5/3 PANGKALAN JATI , CINERE, DEPOK, Indonesia : 6287878259759 (tel) 62818882029 (mobile) : bayulaxmanaputra@gmail.com Contact Email E9R98T Guest Details 1. MR MOCH RIZKY, ARNANDA 3. MR BAYU LAKSMANA, PUTRA 5. MS AMANDA SORAYA, OKTAVIANI () denotes infant 2. MR ISKANDAR, SYARIEF 4. MS INDAH, WIDYASTUTI N Flight Details Flight QZ7526 REGULAR Departing Jakarta (CGK) Soekarno Hatta International Airport (Terminal 3) Wed 26 Dec 2012, 0845 hrs ( 8:45AM) Arriving Bali (DPS) Denpasar Ngurah Rai International Airport Wed 26 Dec 2012, 1135 hrs ( 11:35AM) QZ7531 REGULAR Bali (DPS) Denpasar Ngurah Rai International Airport Sun 30 Dec 2012, 1230 hrs ( 12:30PM) Jakarta (CGK) Soekarno Hatta International Airport (Terminal 3) Sun 30 Dec 2012, 1315 hrs ( 1:15PM) In-flight services on next page Travel Itinerary In-Flight Services Guest MR MOCH RIZKY, ARNANDA MR ISKANDAR, SYARIEF MR BAYU LAKSMANA, PUTRA MS INDAH, WIDYASTUTI N MS AMANDA SORAYA, OKTAVIANI ASR Jakarta • • • • • IRDM IRDM IRDM IRDM IRDM • • • • • Bali CHECK-IN BAGGAGE 15KG CHECK-IN BAGGAGE 15KG CHECK-IN BAGGAGE 15KG CHECK-IN BAGGAGE 15KG CHECK-IN BAGGAGE 15KG ASR Bali • • • • • Jakarta CHECK-IN BAGGAGE 15KG CHECK-IN BAGGAGE 15KG CHECK-IN BAGGAGE 15KG CHECK-IN BAGGAGE 15KG CHECK-IN BAGGAGE 15KG Invoice PT. Indonesia AirAsia Office Management Building, 2nd Floor, Soekarno Hatta...
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...21st Century Asia and its Place in Our Globalized World Student’s Name University Affiliation. After many years of the Cold war that induced consistency, Asia today is quickly changing into something new and very unrecognizable to the world. To be specific the term “ Asia” has entirely lost its clarity. As a result of an unrest in interchanges and the excited pace of globalization, parts of Asia that have customarily been recognized by their geology; East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, tend to increasingly obscure and merge. Advancements fit as a fiddle the systems of inaccessible states in an alternate with a phenomenal rate. This new "Asia" truly clears from the Pacific to Russia's western outskirt and from the Arctic to the Indian Ocean. In addition, Asia’s rise is transforming the world. This is a defining feature of the 21stcentury - the Asian Century. These developments have significant ramifications for individuals all the place. Asia’s extraordinary has significantly affected Australia’s economy, society and the strategic environment as a whole. Before turning into an autonomous country, India was under the principle of the British Empire. The British utilized their impact to delete the traditions of India and force their society and ethical quality. The Indians, be that it was hard to review their community. Many threw away their " old courses" of polytheistic...
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...Reasons why Europe Colonized Asia and Africa and not the Other Way Round Student’s Name: Institutional affiliation: Colonization is the governing influence, control or acquiring partial or full political control past another country, occupying it with foreign settlers and manipulating it economically. It also is when a group or society of people migrates from one area to another but keep their original homeland language and culture. Colonialism is establishment and preservation for a lengthy period, of rule over foreign people that are independent from and subordinate to a power ruling. Colonialism takes a variety of forms. There are three basic variations namely; I. Internal colonialism II. External colonization by the neighboring states. III. External colonization This refers to the so called ‘salt and water’ colonization whereby ‘aliens colonized distant places (Keal, 2003). This characterizes Europe’s expansion to America, Africa, Asia and the Pacific. The first wave of European colonization and exploitation started in America in the 15th century until early in the 19th century (Tmh, 2010). It primarily involved the colonization of the Americans by the Europeans. The second extensive phase of European exploratory ventures and colonization was primarily focused on Asia and Africa. It was also known as the era of new imperialism. History of Colonialism in Africa and Asia by the Europeans Between the historical...
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...have failed as the Japanese user seemed to have preferred new products. The second mistake was eBay strategy to charge commission on each transaction as it did in the US. The Japanese market did not favor this as they were not used to pay commission or monthly charges. The second factor that made eBay to struggle in the Asian markets is its strategy of attempting to dominate the market by crashing all competition including the local. This proved to be a wrong kind of strategy as local competitors had a competitive edge over eBay. This was demonstrated by eBay earlier battle with Alibaba for the control of the Chinese market which eBay ended up losing badly to the local players. Due to the differences in market and business environments in Asia local companies that are used to these environments usually find an edge over foreign entrants and strategies such as that used by eBay have high probabilities of failures. Foreign players also end up incurring a lot of cost and therefore lose their competitiveness. Since eBay management team did not understand the local market they spend a lot of money doing the wrong things leaving their competitors to claim the market at a lesser cost (Wang, 2010).These mistakes by eBay in its strategy to enter the Asian markets...
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...I. Agricultural Background A. Factors Affecting Agriculture 1. Climate 2. Lands (upland and lowland, steppes, tundra) 3. Type of Agriculture 4. Agricultural Practices (husbandry, farming, fishing) 5. Agricultural Process (irrigation, dry farming, etc) * Sources 6. Agricultural Products 7. Exports II. Problems A. Problems 1. Rebel Activities 2. Drying of the Aral Sea and other bodies of water B. Factors Affecting the Problems C. Solution 1. Role of Government** III. Agricultural Events A. Festivities AGRICULTURE IN CENTRAL ASIA I. Agricultural Background of Central Asia A. Climate * Very dry climatic conditions * Hot summers and cool winters (much sunshine and very little precipitation) B. Land Use * Majority of the region consists desert land * Only 20% of the land is arable and is suitable for agricultural use C. Agriculture Practices (Process and products) 1. Animal Husbandry >Animal Herds (Cattle and Sheep) * Animals are one of the important exchange commodities – aside from their transportation use; they are also used for wool and skins production * herds provide food such as meat and dairy products, wool and leather from which to make clothes and all kinds of other household items such as felts, quilts, pillows, and mattresses. Minor animals: Chickens, goats, and pigs are also raised. 2. Farming - Almost all the sown agricultural land is under...
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...David R Hurtado | NIKE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA | | Nike in Southeast Asia Is it ethical for a company to move its manufacturing jobs from country to country looking for the best price to pay for its product? Can Nike afford to ignore the five forces outlined by Harvard University professor Michael Porter? No they can’t! If they do, they will end up like all those before them that have, closed! Before we take a look at why Nike is such a “Bad Guy,” let’s take a look at the American worker. For many decades now, they have been complaining about the loss of jobs and the lack thereof and blame large corporations for this. The fact of the matter is, the American worker has been pricing themselves right out of the job market for decades now. Nike is doing nothing different than its consumers do when they go from store to store or website to website trying to find the very best deal that they can. Why does the consumer act in this manner? Well I can tell you for me it is to keep as much of my money in my pocket at the same time getting what I want from the store. So why it is then, when corporations like Nike moves its jobs around the world trying to get the best price it can, get chastised for the very behavior that we as consumers partake in every day? I am not too sure of this but it might be because of our self-righteous-judgmental nature. The truth is Nike doesn’t employ the people in these so called sweat shops in Southeast Asia but merely buys product from independent...
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...that Nike was forced to take some measures to quiet down the public who wanted to know what was going on. In this paper we will examine the various difficulties Nike faced as they tried to balance both, the company performance and good corporate citizenship. We will also discuss what I would have done if I was in that position. Summary Nike, was founded in 1964 by Phil Knight, Nike's business model was developed by Knight while attending Stanford Business School in the early 1960's. In 1998, Nike was the leader in the sports shoe industry, with annual sales of $9.5 billion and a 40% share of the American sneaker market. It became a lightning rod for protest when alleged “sweatshop” conditions where happening in Southeast Asia. May 1998 is when Phil Knight, the founder and CEO, admitted that “the Nike product has became synonymous with slave wages, forced overtime, and arbitrary abuse.” What people couldn’t understand was how Nike could get associated with deplorable labor practices. The strategy that Knight developed involved outsourcing all manufacturing to contractors in low wage countries and pouring the companies resources in high profile marketing. They where trying to take the blame off by saying that “We don’t know the first thing of manufacturing. We are marketers and designers.” They did manage to be marketing a lot by placing the Nike “swoosh” on the uniforms of athletes such as Michael Jordan and Tiger Woods. When manufacturing started it was done...
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