...The Atlantic bluefin tuna is the largest species of tuna and lives near the top of the food chain within its ecosystem. Powerful and strong, they are known to have large appetites and a varied diet which allows them to grow to an average size to about 6.5 feet long and weigh up to 550 pounds, though some specimens have been known to be much larger. These fish are highly migratory, with distribution ranging from Newfoundland and Iceland to the Atlantic coasts of Brazil and Africa. Bluefins can be most commonly found in subtropical areas of the North Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean, and Black Seas. The fish typically grow slowly and are relatively late to mature. There are two known spawning areas of these tuna; the Gulf of Mexico and the Mediterranean. This knowledge and improved fishing techniques have brought in higher quantity catches over the years. However, the conservation and management of the tuna hasn’t changed quickly enough along with these techniques to address the depletion of stock in the Atlantic. Over the past 40 years, the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) reported a decline of 72% in the population of eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean stock and an 82% decline in the western Atlantic stock (NOAA(a) 2009). The bluefin population has been continuously declining for several years and despite some measures being taken to manage the population in the Atlantic, it still remains highly hunted and highly coveted due to the high...
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...September 2015 Atlantic World System Importing and exporting items across the Atlantic Ocean appears very simple in today’s modern world, with two-day shipping from Asia to America very much possible. But before Christopher Columbus made the voyage over 500 years ago, that idea was not even considered. It wasn’t until after Columbus returned from the Caribbean islands, which he believed to be India, did others realize it was possible to sail across the Atlantic Ocean. A hundred years after Columbus’s findings, numerous explorers had successfully sailed across the Atlantic Ocean into America and also around the tip of Africa. This led to the Columbian exchange, the Great Convergence, and the beginning of the Atlantic World System. The origin of the Atlantic System was Columbus discovering the eastern Caribbean. Following this discovery, the Treaty of Tordesillas was agreed to between Spain and Portugal, giving Portugal territory east of the Atlantic and Spain territory west of it. The Atlantic System became very different compared to previous systems of trade and cultural exchange. In earlier interactions, the Europeans and Africans were able to interact without one side becoming more powerful than the other. Many traditions and cultures became shared, and trade thrived. However, the Europeans were able to conquer the natives of the Caribbean and much of South America. While Spain began overtaking America, Portugal took control of Brazil (470). The Atlantic System was devastating...
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...ATLANTIC CITY A brief history: Atlantic City was a resort for a working class. With the opening of a railroad and a beautiful boardwalk it was booming town for 50 years. The city was always one-industry town completely dependent on tourists. But when prohibition ended in 1933, there was less reason to come here. Also after world war two things started to decline in terms of number. Atlantic City needed something to draw the crowds back, so in 1976, New Jersey passed a law allowing casinos here. And for a while, gambling worked. Casinos were salvation for the Atlantic City. For years, Atlantic City enjoyed a monopoly on gambling on the East Coast. But that salvation was temporary, in the mid2000s, the city’s luck turned along with the nation’s economy and gamblers abandoned Atlantic City. So what were the possible reasons of the fall of Atlantic City? Possible reasons of the fall of Atlantic City: The important factor contributing to the decline of the Atlantic City is the legalized gambling in surrounding states. At the beginning casinos were restricted to Atlantic City only gamblers had no choice but to travel from far and wide to come try their luck on the boardwalk. Pennsylvania legalized gambling in 2004, this event must be one of the biggest drains on Atlantic City in recent years. Why would New-Yorkers travel 130 miles to Atlantic City after long work week to gamble in Atlantic City when Las Vegas Sands Corp. Sands Casino in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania is...
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...Atlantic Computer is known for providing top-notch, highly reliable products and had developed a reputation for providing high quality, responsive post-sales assistance. Atlantic Computer has produced the ‘Atlantic Bundle’ (Tronn+ PESA), 4 times faster, to compete against Ontario’s Zink in the basic server market. The challenge is to get the right pricing strategy for the Atlantic bundle keeping in mind consumer behavior as well as reaction of competitors in the same market especially Ontario. Competition Analysis Ontario is a firm focused on the low-end server market with its Zink Product line. It currently claims 50% of the basic server market share. Performance of the Zink is approximately equivalent to that of the Tronn without PESA. Ontario’s mode of sales is mostly done online as their business model aims at providing leading technology to customers by way of the most flexible and innovative supply chain strategy possible. This has led to Ontario being able to drive out non value added costs and compete on price ($1,700) since it is able to produce at a lower cost ($1,214), indicating operational efficiency. Pricing Strategy for Atlantic Bundle After careful observations of the facts surrounding our competitor as well as consumer behavior in the target market segment (refer to Appendix 1), we hereby propose for Jower to give a price of $2,436 to Day Trader Journal.com using the Value –in-use pricing strategy which is a method of setting prices in which an attempt is...
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...Atlantic Slave Trade In the mid-1400s, Portuguese ships sailed down to West African coast to avoid the Islamic North Africa that has monopolized the trade of sub-Saharan gold, spices, and other commodities that Europeans wanted. During these voyages there were many maritime discoveries that were unknown to European’s traditional limit of navigation, south of Cape Bojador, which with time will make it easier for them to navigate the Atlantic. At the beginning, Portuguese were only in the search of gold and other commodities, but with time their interest also went to the African people. Lancarote de Lagos, a Portuguese navigator, sailed in the Senegal River and captured a group of Africans and carried them off into slavery. During this period, race was not a major factor to be carried into slavery. Slaves were composed of many individuals of different ethnicities who were captured after a war, had a debt, and other situations. The Atlantic slave trade was set in motion mostly for the production of sugar. Nowadays, the production of such a benign thing such as sugar to have caused a massive slave trade is really hard to understand. However in those days sugar was not taken for granted. European’s ever-growing sweet tooth was the driving force for the development of the Atlantic world. Because the work of growing sugar was so burdensome, free workers would not do it willingly and that is why the industry came to depend upon slave labor. Starting in 1492 when Christopher Columbus...
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...Overfishing of the Atlantic Bluefin Tuna The Atlantic bluefin tuna is the largest species of tuna and lives near the top of the food chain within its ecosystem. Powerful and strong, they are known to have large appetites and a varied diet which allows them to grow to an average size to about 6.5 feet long and weigh up to 550 pounds, though some specimens have been known to be much larger. These fish are highly migratory, with distribution ranging from Newfoundland and Iceland to the Atlantic coasts of Brazil and Africa. Bluefins can be most commonly found in subtropical areas of the North Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean, and Black Seas. The fish typically grow slowly and are relatively late to mature. There are two known spawning areas of these tuna; the Gulf of Mexico and the Mediterranean. This knowledge and improved fishing techniques have brought in higher quantity catches over the years. However, the conservation and management of the tuna hasn’t changed quickly enough along with these techniques to address the depletion of stock in the Atlantic. Over the past 40 years, the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) reported a decline of 72% in the population of eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean stock and an 82% decline in the western Atlantic stock (NOAA(a) 2009). The bluefin population has been continuously declining for several years and despite some measures being taken to manage the population in the Atlantic, it still remains...
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...Tropical Cyclones in the Atlantic Basin Statistical Analysis of the Number of Hurricanes from 1938-2013 Jeremy Erwin 6-25-2014 Word Count: 470 For this discussion I decided to research tropical cyclones in the Atlantic and determine how many hurricanes have developed from 1938 to 2013. According to the Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) article found here , there have been a total of 222 storms since 1938 that were strong enough to be categorized as hurricanes. From the population of hurricanes I chose a sample of 76 years to study. This does not represent the population of hurricanes that formed on the planet during those 76 years, only those that occurred in the Atlantic Basin. Also, many storms were missed prior to aircraft reconnaissance and satellite imagery. Therefore, the only reliable information of a complete population of hurricanes in the Atlantic Basin, exist from 1966-2013. The number of hurricanes counted is a discrete random variable because each storm is counted only once. There was some limitation with the random variable, but it was due to the inability to collect a complete data set. Table 1: Sorted Summary Statistics Mean-2σ 0.8 Minimum 2.0 Q1 4.0 Mode 4.0 Median 6.0 Mean () 6.1 Q3 8.0 Mean+2σ 11.3 Maximum 15.0 After analyzing the tropical cyclone data I determined the mean, mode, and median in order to identify the various measures of center. As shown in Table 1, the most frequent number of hurricanes...
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...| Assignment 2 | The Atlantic Cod Fishery Collapse | | Student Name: Jessica Sativi Meng Houy, Student Number: 062-827-092 | 7/11/2013 | | I. THE MAIN FACTORS LED TO THE COLLAPSE When the words spread about the large size of fishery, fleets from all over the world joined the hunt. Every year, the size of the fleets got bigger and every year, the size of the catch increased. In the late 50s the arrival of large factor ships from other countries hailed the first onslaught to the finely balanced renewable cod fishery. These factory trawlers came from England, the U.S., the Soviet Union, East and West Germany, Portugal, Poland, and some Asia nations such as Japan and Korea. Towards the end of the 20th century, over 3 billion pounds of Atlantic cod were pulled each year from the feudal water of North Atlantic. The annual catch, in 1968 increased to over 800,000 tones. At this level the cod were not able to renew their numbers and the available cod began to decline so that by 1975 the annual catch had declined to 300,000 tones. The U.S. and Canada took action in 1976 by extending their marine jurisdiction to 200 nautical miles which effectively pushed the foreign factory ships off many of the prime fishing and breeding grounds. The catches continued to decline for a few more years and bottomed out at 139,000 tons in 1978. If the fishery were maintained at this level then the recovery and health of the cod may have occurred but at this point Canadian factory ships...
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...The negative causes and effects of slavery in the Atlantic World. Slavery had existed for thousands of years before it came to the new world. African kings would use muslim slaves and kings in europe used slaves. This was not a new concept, but it became a malevolent one. The slave trade started in the atlantic world because plantation owners needed a lot of cheap labor for the excessive amount of work. When Europeans invaded the Americas, their plan was to use natives as slaves. Unfortunately thousands of natives died due to diseases, and the one that didn’t die would leave because they knew the land and didn’t want to be slaves. Since the land was so large a lot of work was needed for the fields that few people could offer. So people would...
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...One has to agree that slavery remains to be the worst form of human mistreatment in the history of humanity. Slavery deeply hurt the African continent in different ways from the seventeenth century onwards. The Europeans might have duped Africans into believing better things in store for them, but it showed the African weakness of overly trusting strangers. The pain endured by the African slaves can never be fully explained. However, The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade began much earlier in the fifteenth century with the Portuguese on the coast of West Africa. The west-Africans during this era failed to keep their communities together but further encouraged the Europeans to come back for more slaves. Many African leaders in the fifteenth century were full of egotism and cared less for other community members. As long as the king of the tribe was satisfied and happy, all other tribesmen were none of his business. This kind of selfishness made several kings greedily admire other territories and conspire against each other into planned wars. One has to note that this was a time when clans were deeply divided, and communities had several kingdoms. Many kings during this time found themselves targeted for dethronement. The plan was quite simple. Start a war, capture the king, sell him to the Europeans for a weapon or weapons, and take over the throne left behind. Many more prisoners were condemned to slavery whenever found guilty. The newly introduced slavery institution was found useful...
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...The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade took place from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries. During the Atlantic Slave Trade between twelve to twenty million slaves were brought to the Americas from Africa. An estimated two million Africans did not make it across the Atlantic to the Americas. The Atlantic Slave Trade was part of the Triangular Trade; trade that went from Europe to Africa on to the Americas then back to Europe, creating a triangular shape across the Atlantic Ocean. Millions of slaves were forced to come to the Americas from their home in Africa. This had many effects on not only Africa and the Americas, but the rest of the world also. So, what were the effects of the Atlantic Slave Trade? The biggest effect the Atlantic Slave Trade had was the help in the development of the Americas. Population loss and social disruption from trade caused the underdevelopment of Africa. The culture in the Americas also changed as the slaves brought their culture with them. Although there were many negative effects from the Atlantic Slave Trade there were also some positive ones. The slaves had a large impact on the development in the Americas as they caused the growth in agriculture and the economy. If the slaves were not brought over to the Americas, the development would not have been as fast or large. Because they were forced to work long hours and do jobs nobody else wanted to do. Because they were cheap labor, landowners could buy many so there would be more slaves...
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...The Atlantic slave trade started on the Gold Coast, present day Ghana, about twelve million Africans were transported to the America’s. African slaves became the main focus of trade between Africa and Europe. American colonization demanded labor, but since the Native American’s could not work with European’s because theytheir populations were thinning out, they focused on the enslaved African people. African slave trade helped the wealth and growth of America but at the cost of humanity. African American Mosaic by John H. Bracey Jr. tells the stories of the slave trade in West Africa, on the middle passage and in America. It suggests that West Africa were willing to capture other Africans for weapons and wealth. The story of Olaudah Equiano was about how he was kidnapped by other Africans and taken through the woods to the beach where a slave ship was waiting for him. “Was carried on board I was immediately handled, and tossed up, to see if I were sound, by some of the crew; and I was now persuaded that I had gotten into a world of bad spirits, and that they were going to kill me (Bracey, 16).” This is probably how every African felt when they were forced onto that slave ship to sail to an unknown land. Equiano also talked about how dirty and digusting the slaves ships were. “I was soon put down under the decks, and there I received such a salutation in my nostrils as I had never experienced in my life (Bracey, 16).” Also according to Alexander Falconbridge, “The deck, that...
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...The Atlantic Slave Trade was created when Europeans started to explore the western coast of Africa, and the first major group who traded were the Portuguese. By the 16th century the British had begun to pursue slaves to go to work in the colonies as they were able to withstand the terrain better than laborers from Europe. The trip from Africa to the New World across the Atlantic passage was a nightmarish experience for the slaves, who were scarcely fed, and lived in small confined spaces which would spread diseases from one person to the next very quickly, and over one million people died before they even reached America. This would lead to chattel slavery, in which slaves would be sold, or traded, to the families that lived in the colonies of America, and was the ultimate reason for the Civil War in the 1860’s. The Civil War was between the northern states, who fought for the freedom of slaves, and the southern states of America...
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...What is the main purpose behind the Atlantic Slave Trade? The most essential motivation behind subjection is to free oneself of work and drive the terrible work upon another person. A second explanation behind the reason for subjugation is just avarice. English men saw an approach to benefit their pockets without doing any work themselves. Transporting slaves started as a business person’s occupation for British sailors. European laborers did not have the physical ability to manage working in such unforgiving conditions. Therefore, the purpose of slavery in the United States was to get the hard work done for free. The Atlantic Slave Exchange began during the fifteenth century, when Portuguese ships cruised down the West African coast. Their...
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...It is shocking that there are more slaves today than at any other time in history. That’s the reaction one gets after realizing that there are added slaves today, approximately 27 million, ( according to the U.S State Department) double the total number believed to have been taken from Africa at the helm of the trans-Atlantic trade. Many people still perceive slave trade as a thing of the past, but it exists within different forms on different continents, ranging from labor and sex trade to debt enslavement, where one is forced to work to offset small loans. From Niger within central Africa where females are bought and sold off as unauthorized wives thus exploited for sexual gratification, to quarry slave within northern India, and Ghana where...
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