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Bab I

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BAB I
PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang Penelitian
Perkembangan zaman dan era globalisasi menyebabkan perubahan lingkungan dan orientasi bisnis. Perubahan ini disebabkan oleh semakin kompleksnya kebutuhan konsumen yang kritis, berkembang pesatnya infrastruktur informasi dan transportasi, tumbuhnya kesadaran akan pentingnya aspek sosial dan lingkungan, serta globalisasi perekonomian dunia. Hal ini menyebabkan perusahaan dituntut untuk memiliki keunggulan kompetitif terutama dalam hal memenuhi permintaan konsumen. Komponen di dalam perusahaan dan komponen di luar perusahaan, misalnya supplier, distributor, wholesaler, dan retailer, merupakan komponen-komponen yang mendukung aktivitas perusahaan dan harus saling bersinergi untuk memenuhi permintaan konsumennya.
Catatan kinerja sektor industri makanan dan minuman Indonesia di tahun 2010 masih menunjukkan pertumbuhan walaupun diiringi bayang-bayang penurunan tingkat daya saing dibanding dengan produk makanan dan minuman impor. Industri Makanan, Minuman dan Tembakau masih menjadi cabang yang memberikan kontribusi terbesar terhadap pertumbuhan Industri Nasional. Data dari Departemen Perindustrian menunjukkan Bahwa di tahun 2010 Industri Makanan, Minuman dan Tembakau memberikan kontribusi sebesar 34,35% atas pertumbuhan industri nasional non-migas yang samapi Triwulan III 2010 mencapai 4,69%. Data GAPMMI (Gabungan Pengusaha Makanan dan Minuman Indonesia) juga menunjukkan trend pertumbuhan industri makanan dan minuman dalam negeri yang cukup baik. Volume penjualan di tahun 2007 mencapai Rp 383 Trilyun, di tahun 2008 mencapai Rp 505 Trilyun, di tahun 2009 mencapai Rp 555 Trilyun dan ekspektasi di tahun 2010 adalah untuk mencapai Rp 605 Trilyun. Ironisnya, meskipun industri makanan dan minuman merupakan salah satu kontributor terbesar dalam pertumbuhan, masih banyak faktor termasuk kebijakan pemerintah yang masih belum sepenuhnya mendukung perkembangan industri makanan dan minuman itu sendiri. Sementara ancaman dari produk makanan dan minuman impor terus bertambah sejalan dengan integrasi perekonomian regional dan global. (http://www.gapmmi.or.id)
Teh merupakan minuman yang sangat populer dan sudah menjadi tradisi bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Menurut survei dari berbagai lembaga riset antara lain AC Nielsen, MARS dan SWA, sejak tahun 1999 hingga kini menunjukkan, tingkat penetrasi pasar untuk teh mencapai lebih dari 95 persen. Itu berarti minuman teh nyaris telah atau pernah dikonsumsi oleh setiap anggota masyarakat. Bahkan riset dari MARS di lima kota besar di Indonesia yakni Jakarta, Medan, Surabaya, Bandung, dan Semarang, menunjukkan, penetrasi pasar oleh minuman teh lebih tinggi dari minuman kopi yang hanya dikonsumsi oleh 79% penduduk Indonesia khususnya di perkotaan. Meski belum ada data atau statistik yang pasti, namun persentase terbesar dari penjualan teh masih dipegang oleh teh bubuk, lalu disusul oleh teh dalam kemasan botol dan selanjutnya teh dalam kemasan lain seperti teh celup, teh instan, dan lain-lain. Besarnya daya konsumsi dan permintaan masyarakat terhadap minuman teh menyebabkan banyak perusahaan yang memproduksi minuman teh dalam berbagai kemasan.
PT. Sinar Sosro yang bercikal bakal dari sebuah kota kecil di Jawa Tengah, yaitu Slawi, dan pertama kali meluncurkan peroduk pertamanya yaitu Teh Botol Sosro pada tahun 1970. Teh Botol Sosro merupakan produk teh siap minum pertama di Indonesia dan di dunia yang dikemas dalam botol dan telah dikenal oleh masyarakat luas. PT. Sinar Sosro saat ini sudah memiliki 8 pabrik, 88 Kantor Penjualan, 53 Kantor Perwakilan Penjualan dan 22 Stokiest untuk memenuhi seluruh permintaan di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Berdasarkan data pada PT. Sinar Sosro Kantor Penjualan Wilayah Tasikmalaya terdapat lima merek teh dalam kemasan botol yang beredar di yogyakarta, yaitu Teh Botol Sosro, Fruit Tea, TEBS, dan Joy Tea.

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