...LGBT Healthcare Disparity Theresa Sellers Southwestern Oklahoma University LGBT Healthcare Disparity INTRODUCTION There is an increasing progress being made in the equal right of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered) community. Fifteen of the states now recognize at least some of the same rights to same sex couples that are given to heterosexual couples (Krehley, 2009). Despite the progress that has been made, the LGBT population continues to experience worse health outcomes due to poor health insurance coverage, higher rates of stress due to discrimination and cultural incompetency (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health, 2012). Same sex marriage laws and domestic partnership benefits increase the burden of health care costs. A recent study of period in disparities in health insurance coverage of same-sex couples revealed that partnered gay men are less likely (42 percent) as married heterosexual men to get employer-sponsored dependent coverage, and partnered lesbians have an even slimmer chance (28 percent) of getting dependent coverage compared to married heterosexual women. As a result of these much lower rates of employer-provided coverage, partnered lesbians and gay men are more than twice as likely to be uninsured as married heterosexuals. The exclusion of insurance benefits for gay men and women and the failure of domestic partnership benefits to provide equal access to health coverage results into more health spending...
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...against discrimination and deserve equal treatment and access to all the same benefits of a heterosexual couple. In the following 4 Literature Reviews it will show the difference in opposing views on LGBT Marriage. In an article from The Journal of Social and Personal Relationships they reviewed a study done to examine how the LGBT men and women assign meaning to legally recognized same-sex marriage and its impact on their understanding of the LGBT community. This was an open-ended web survey that asked participants to consider the ways in which legally recognizing same-sex marriage could positively and negatively affect the LGBT community. 288 people participated in this study. It was a mix of both men and women ranging in ages from 19-66 years. They also had a mix of different racial and ethnic heritage. There were several open-ended questions followed by questions regarding demographics and other close-ended questions. The two main open-ended questions were, “In your opinion, how may legalizing same-sex marriage change the LGBT community for the better?”; “In your opinion, how may legalizing same-sex marriage change the LGBT community for the worse?” As a result this study showed four very clear and strong themes among the participants. The first theme was legal equality. This served as a surface theme for deeper understandings of same-sex marriage. Legal equality was seen as affecting the community for the better. Although it had 3 sub themes to help...
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...LGBT Adoption New Jersey’s statewide parenting legislation espouses a progressive stance on the matters of same-sex parenting and child care in the processes of adoption and foster parenting. The Garden State allows for same-sex adoption; allows single homosexuals to adopt; and allows second parent same-sex adoption (Lifelong Adoptions, 2013). New Jersey has passed progressive laws and policies that prohibit discrimination charged against LGBT individuals in the adoption process (Lifelong Adoptions, 2013). New Jersey state law also bans discrimination against LGBT individuals in the foster parent process (Lifelong Adoptions, 2013). New Jersey Statutes Annotated 9:3-43 enables for any person to adopt permitted the said person(s) pass a background investigation and meet adoption criteria for eligibility (Onelce, 2012). Unmarried joint adoptive parents petitioning to adopt a child can do so because of N.J.S.A. 9:3-43 (Onelce, 2012). In “Re-adoption of Two Children” by H.N.R., 666 A.2d 535 (Onelce, 2012) addresses second parent adoption; this statute exercises the possibility for an individual to petition for shared rights of custody with a parent who already possesses legal parental custody of a child. Several states prohibit joint adoption due to unmarried status. This statute is favorable for unmarried parents seeking to adopt in New Jersey. This New Jersey statute provides for an overall tolerant atmosphere for LGBT individuals and couples looking to adopt or become foster...
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...Health disparities of the LGBT community Darlene Poer Grand Canyon University Minerva Gonzales May 15, 2016 Health disparities of the LGBT community Many factors contribute to a person’s health status. Among them are, limited access to care, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), “the social determinants of health as well as race are ethnicity, sex, sexual orientation, age, and disability” (Myers, Yoon, & Kaufman, 2013). The Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community falls into this category. The individuals that belong to this group come from all ethnicities, races, economic and social statuses throughout the United States and the world. The Institute of Medicines report in 2011 states, “lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals have unique health experiences, but as a nation, we do not know exactly what these experiences and needs are ("LGBT health report," 2011, p. 4).For this reason their needs and health care inequities and inequalities should be addressed. The health promotion goal of the LGBT community is to “improve the health, safety, and well-being of lesbian, gay, and transgender individuals” ("," 2014). To understand the current health status of the LGBT community, one must understand some basic definitions. 1. Gender identity-A person’s basic sense of being male or female. 2. Gender expression- Manifestations that are defined as masculine or feminine. 3. Gender role...
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...articles was not random; I specifically chose articles whose titles and introductions were of particular interest. The three news sources, particularly the Times and The Advocate, published many articles related to LGBT issues—typically greater than a dozen for each weekly search—from which I selected only two per week. In sifting through the 16 articles, I identified three important themes that tie, by and large, the articles together: notions of inalienable rights (marriage), the normalization of homosexuality, and LGBT and frequently, by extension, women’s empowerment. I argue that the Times, by virtue of its wide distribution and generally positive portrayal of LGBT people, attempts to ‘normalize’ (nationally) sexual orientations other than heterosexual; that The Advocate, whose primary audience is LGBT people, attempts to promote LGBT empowerment (encourages LGBT people to stand up for themselves), contemplating a world in which LGBT people enjoy equal rights and equal protection; and that Newsweek, a national weekly magazine, highlights the political debate about rights, generally being more circumspect/judicious than the other two outlets in its approach to expressing support for the LGBT community (perhaps an expression of a little occasional discomfort with LGBT issues, which could reinforce discomfort in the public and male heterosexism). The news sources do not participate in the construction of attitudes exclusively in the ways I have suggested. For the sake of organization...
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...LGBT Culture in America Table of Contents LGBT Culture………………………………………………………………………. 3 History……………………………………………………………………………….. 6 Current Events……………………………………………………………………….. 7 Influential LGBT People……………………………………………………………….. 8 Travel………………………………………………………………………………… 9 Tegan and Sara…………….. ………………………………………………………. 10 Gay Pride Events …………………………………………… ……………………… 11 Works Cited………………………………………………………………………… 12 LGBT Culture in America LGBT stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered/trans-sexual and these words define groups of people who are categorized by their sexual orientation except in the case of transgendered. Transgendered people are defined by their gender identity which is often different from their genetic gender. These groups of very different people have come together in a united front because they are all discriminated against in similar ways. So while LGBT people are not a culture in the traditional sense, their adversity brings them together in a special subgroup of society that can be found in just about every country worldwide. The American LGBT culture specifically is very rich, diverse, and active. To best understand this diverse group of people, it is best to examine each letter of LGBT separately. Beginning with lesbian culture, these people are categorized as women who are sexually attracted to other women. Within this group of women, there are very different expressions of their varying degrees of femininity. Some stereotypes of...
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...ETIKA PERBANDINGAN MPU2312 SEXUALITY MS. NORIAH Krishna Priyah Chee Long Kok Si Janice Ong Jonathan Chow Justin Bonus Phuah Kah Hock Wang Wei Shen INTRODUCTION In this report we will discuss about sexuality in general such as homosexuality. We will look further into the LGBT community between Asian and Western countries. Homosexuality has been a characteristic of human culture since the course of the 19th century. After the modern gay rights movement that began in 1969, in America, more people around the world started to change their mindset of seeing gay rights as “a mental illness to cure” to having more people trying to understand LGBT through biology, psychology, history and cultural variations of sexual practices and identity. We chose this topic because, gay rights has always been a sensitive topic for Malaysians today, this is mainly due to the fact that the government retains the colonial era penal code criminalizing sodomy and shaped by Islam, the official religion in Malaysia. In addition to the secular law, Muslim citizens may also be charged in special Islamic courts, the Syariah Court. In this report we will discuss the religious perspective of Asian and Western countries about homosexuality. We will go through the meaning of homosexuality in detail and ethical perspectives between Asian countries and western countries. Revealing statistical numbers on homosexuality problems and suggestions on how to be ethical when dealing with sexuality...
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...Mudra Institute of Communication, Ahmadabad | LGBT Marketing | Innovative Marketing – Individual assignment | Ranajay sengupta | 18054 | 8/25/2012 | Contents Why gay market is lucrative 2 LGBT as a customer segment 3 Over-indexing and Consumption 3 Entertainment 3 Travel and Leisure 3 Internet usage 3 Brand Loyalty 4 LGBT signs and symbols 5 Segments which have used LGBT marketing 6 Lifestyle of a typical LGBT consumer 6 Mistakes to avoid while marketing to the LGBT community 7 References 9 Decades after invisibility and reaching critical mass, a breakthrough July 1991 article in the conservative Wall Street Journal called the lesbian and gay community "a dream market." Today the American market is estimated to be valued at $660 billion, projected to reach $835 billion by 2011 --based primarily on U.S. population growth and steady 7% representation of gays and lesbians within the overall population. In 2004, 36% of Fortune 100 companies have advertised directly to the lesbian and gay market, and American corporations now spend about $223.3 million annually in gay print media, according to the 2006 Gay Press Report from Rivendell Marketing and Prime Access, which tracks 284 U.S. gay press publications. Much more has been spent in sponsorships and online advertising, which the survey does not track. The situation is fast changing in India as well, OutNowConsulting.com, The London-based consultancy firm has been conducting surveys across...
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...Issues The authors of, Mental Health of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth and Young Adults: Differential Effects of Age, Gender, Religiosity, and Sexual Orientation, explain the issues that adolescents, of a different sexual orientation, face. Problems have occurred in LGBT youth community from depression, suicide, to substance abuse since the nineteen-ninety. All these illnesses are caused by distress from the homophobic society. LGBT ,Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, youths struggle with acceptance of their sexuality from friends and friends, school, society, violence, the work force, religion, suicide. The choice of turning all those subjects away has been a solution to many of the cases on these people. Depending on the family of the individual, they may be turned down for the rest of their lives or given the chance to still be involved with them. It all depends on whether the family is traditional. Tradition is when all the sons, daughters, aunts, and uncles that have a straight orientation. Everyday Life The LGBT community faces many challenges in their everyday life like voting, sexual talks, and segregation. In the early nineteen hundreds, the people who campaigned for elections did not let the LGBT community vote because they did to feel that they were equal to the heterosexual man. Equality is what everyone wants like the next guy but do not get it because they are different than the ideal citizen in the society. Just like the discrimination for the colored people, a...
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...2011 LGBT Community Survey U.S. Overview Report v2 8.25.2011 5th Annual Edition En3re contents © Community Marke3ng, Inc. CMI’s 5th Annual LGBT Community Survey Thanks to our 2011 Sponsors CMI’s 5th Annual LGBT Community Survey U.S. Overview Report 5th Annual Edition Gay men and lesbians own more homes and cars, travel more, spend more on electronics, and have the largest amount of disposable income per capita of any “niche” market. And it’s a sizeable segment: LGBT consumers make up 5% to 10% of the U.S. consumer market. U3lizing quan3ta3ve and qualita3ve market research methodologies, Community Marke3ng helps companies beQer understand and more effec3vely reach the LGBT community. Our consumer panel provides insights through online surveys, focus groups, intercepts and more. Thomas Roth, President Community Marke3ng, Inc. www.CommunityMarke3ngInc.com 2011 LGBT Community Survey US Overview Report ...
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...Legislating the Family: Heterosexist Bias in Social Welfare Policy Frameworks Amy Lind University of Virginia Studies in Women and Gender Program This article addresses the effects of heterosexist bias in social welfare policy frameworks on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals and families in the United States. It discusses the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), federal definitions of family and household, and stereotypes about LGBT individuals. It argues that poor LGBT individuals and families lack full citizen rights and access to needed social services as a result of these explicit and implicit biases. Key words: Welfare reform; family policy; civil rights; gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender (LGBT); heterosexism Welfare reform is fundamentally about family policy—about promoting and privileging particular kinds of families, and about penalizing and stigmatizing others. (Cahill and Jones 2002: 1). Two pieces of legislation were passed in 1996 that set an important tone for family policy in the United States: The 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), an act that expanded welfare-to-work programs throughout the country, restricted people’s access to public assistance, and crystallized the broader restructuring of public-private boundaries; and the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), which defines marriage as a legal union between a man...
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...1080/10538720903332578 Advocacy Coalitions and Punctuated Equilibrium in the Same-Sex Marriage Debate: Learning from Pro-LGBT Policy Changes in Minneapolis and Minnesota LAKE DZIENGEL St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota Policy change to actualize same-sex marriage requires planning and practices that can be most effective to advance marriage equality. This case study examines how building and maintaining strong coalitions aided in attainment and preservation of civil rights and protections for same-sex couples in Minnesota. As a historical policy analysis, it dissects collaborative strategies and events that led to a municipal domestic partner ordinance and state civil rights protections for sexual minorities in Minnesota during 1983–1995. Viewed through the lens of Advocacy Coalition Framework and Punctuated Equilibrium theory, findings support and highlight the importance of strategic planning of developing capable leaders, building strong coalitions, and capitalizing on events to garner public support and advance public policy toward civil rights protections and legal recognition for same-sex couples. KEYWORDS advocacy coalitions, punctuated equilibrium, policy, lesbian, gay, domestic partner benefits INTRODUCTION The city of Minneapolis, Minnesota, a large urban community, passed a Domestic Partner Ordinance in 1991 as the result of intensive lobby efforts by community organizers and private citizens and liaison building with the city government. The ordinance was repeatedly...
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...LGBT Equality {Name} DeVry University LGBT Equality Rights for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) people in the United States are comprised of a patchwork of laws in all levels of government. Currently, there are six states, plus Washington D.C., where same-sex marriages are legal. (Hamilton, 2012) Maryland has laws that recognize same-sex marriages performed in other states, but does not allow same-sex marriages to occur in the state.(Davis & Wagner, 2010) Twenty-one states, plus Washington D.C., have laws against discrimination based on sexual orientation or identity.(Repa, n.d.) Adoption policies also vary greatly from state to state. LGBT rights have taken part of the fight that republicans and religious fundamentalists have waged against LGBT people and women’s rights that has swept the county in the last couple of years. Although some people believe that LGBT people should not receive equal marriage or adoption rights, there are many reasons to extend those basic rights to LGBT couples. In the United States, there is a patchwork of laws regarding LGBT rights. In fact, there is a Supreme Court judgment in 2003 that started the move towards equality. The landmark case was the Lawrence v. Texas, which struck down sodomy laws in Texas. This, by extension, invalidated other similar laws in 13 other states and territories. (Lithwick, 2012) In 2009, President Obama passed the Mathew Shepard act.(Weiner, 2010) This act brought about one of the largest...
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...Women and LGBT Diversity in the United States Sharon Shewmake ETH/125 September 21, 2014 Maria Kithcart Women and LGBT Diversity in the United States It is fair to say that great strides have been made concerning equality for women throughout the United States. It is also fair to say that the fight is far from over. For nearly 167 years, women have fought tirelessly to gain equal rights. The Feminist Movement began in the summer of 1848. “The first women’s rights convention began, attended by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and other pioneers in the struggle for women’s rights. This first wave of feminists battled ridicule and scorn as they fought for legal and political equality for women” (University of Phoenix, 2012, p. 350). Susan B Anthony is probably the most widely recognizable participant from the suffrage movement. She was arrested while attempting to vote in the presidential election in 1872. It was not until 1919 that women finally gained the legal right to cast their votes. “Despite the opposition, the suffrage movement succeeded in gaining women the right to vote, a truly remarkable achievement because it had to rely on male legislators to do so” (University of Phoenix, 2012, p. 351). Unfortunately it would be many decades before a notable amount of progress was made. In the 1960’s, the Civil Rights Movement took up much of the attention. The anti-war movement did as well. Women’s rights seemed to get moved to the backburner. In the meantime, women...
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...Running Head: ELDERLY LESBIANS AND BREAST CANCER 1 Elderly Lesbians and Breast Cancer California State University, Dominguez Hills School of Nursing MSN 533-08 Theoretical Aspects of Aging Running Head: ELDERLY LESBIANS AND BREAST CANCER 2 Elderly Lesbians and Breast Cancer Cancer health disparities have been documented in specific populations in the United States. Elderly lesbians are one such population, with factors related to lifestyle, socioeconomic status, healthcare practices, and access to services (Brown & Tracy, 2008). There is a pressing need for understanding of the health care disparities faced by elderly lesbians, so that the needs of this group can be adequately met. In the United States, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Several risk factors for breast cancer are at least partially modifiable, and are present more among the lesbian population than heterosexual women (Brown & Tracy, 2008). Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer among women worldwide, with rates significantly higher in developed nations. Over 80% of all female breast cancers occur among post-menopausal women. Breast cancer is not primarily found to be hereditary, but women who have the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes (which can be inherited) have a considerably higher breast cancer risk (Miller, 2012). Lesbian elders have particular well-being requirements, but often suffer from subpar care and reduced access to services. Fear of discrimination, low rates of health...
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