...The Great Depression sent shockwaves of poverty and economic ruin all the way to Italy by the 1920’s. Eventually, this set the stage for Benito Mussolini and his fascist party to rule Italy through an authoritarian dictatorship that lasted for many years (1922-1943). Preoccupied with the appalling situation of Italy, Mussolini quickly reacted to the problems caused by the Great Depression by taking many steps to ensure population growth through many public policies of propaganda and social tactics. However, the resulting policy primarily failed as it was sexist and economically nonsensical, receiving negative reactions especially from women and economists. As previously mentioned, the fascist Italy attempted to gain supreme control over the...
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...Benito Mussolini Benito Mussolini is a name you probably hear often, but you don’t really know much about him except that he was an evil man and that he was sort of similar to Hitler. Mussolini was the creator of the Fascist Movement/Fascist Party in Italy in 1919. He made himself prime minister and ruled from 1922-1945. He had ideas pretty similar to Hitler and even started his own anti-Jew laws in Italy. While he may not have done as many horrid things as Hitler, he was still incredibly evil. But, we’ll talk more about that later. Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was born on July 29, 1883, in Dovia di Predappio, Forlì, Romagna, Italy. He was the oldest child of three from his parents, Rosa Maltoni Mussolini and Alessandro Mussolini. His father was a passionate socialist and blacksmith. His mother was a Catholic schoolteacher, and she provided most of the family income because the father was busy doing political things and spending money on his mistress (not Benito’s mom, scandalous!). Mussolini was a very bright and...
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...inflation, a huge debt was amassed, and unemployment soared. Unrest began to spread throughout the lower classes throughout the country when the government began spending three times the money it was making, and refusing to tax the wealthy citizens of Italy. Benito Mussolini preached opposition to discrimination based on social class and was strongly opposed to all forms of class war during the earlier stages of the fascist party’s development to gain popular support. Once the ideology of Fascism was fully developed the fascist began preaching nationalist sentiments such as a strong unity, regardless of class, in the hopes of raising Italy up to the levels of its past, the Roman Empire. Later, Fascism would change its ideas and began to go back on old claims. Fascism began to promote that state as the ultimate end, rule by the elie, rejection of democracy, rejection of the idea that all people are created equal, promotion of the militarization of the state with the establishment of a “warrior” class, demanding citizen to perform...
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...known, multiple dictators came to power before him. Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin, and Adolf Hitler all shared the same fundamentals when related to leadership. These three dictators were able to gain power in their...
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...first time Mussolini used the term ‘totalitarian’ was in a speech at the Fascists Party’s fourth national congress in 1995*1 , he declared the ‘goal that is defined as our ferocious totalitarian will be pursued with even greater ferociousness’*1 . There is no doubt that Benito Mussolini was a very determined dictator. His aim was to create a long lasting Fascist Italy*1. In order to achieve his aim he required the total involvement and participation of every member of the state, in other words he needed to ‘Fascistize the masses’*1. Unfortunately Fascism was a very ambitious plan that failed to properly execute its aims*2. In order to delve deeper into the ways that Mussolini failed in his totalitarianism aims, we must first define what totalitarianism is. The essence of totalitarianism can be seen as a regime’s total control of the everyday life of its citizens, of its control, and more particularly of their thoughts and attitudes as well as their activities *3. A totalitarian dictatorship must have an elaborate ideology, a single mass party which is led by the ‘dictator’, a system of terror, near complete control over weapons of armed combat, control over all means of effective mass communication including the press, radio and cinema, and finally central control over the entire economy*3. While Mussolini dabbled in all of these areas he failed to execute them in an effective manner. It is interesting to note Hannah Arendt’s theories on totalitarianism, like Mussolini, she believed...
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...Instructor: Max Fassnacht May 4, 2015 Fascism and Nazism came during a time when there was an economic crisis that was sweeping through Europe. Fascism and Nazism was two familiar totalitarian regimes that was able to arise from Germany and Italy. In Germany, the National socialist party was conducted by Adolf Hitler, while Benito Mussolini conducted the fascist party in Italy. Italy and Germany’s future was based on the education in the schools, since education played an important role between these two nations. The people’s image of Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler as two leaders was profoundly the important factors to their popularity. The most essential tool that was allowed in both countries and played a very important role in both political parties was propaganda, which gave both parties the ability to influence the perspectives of the people to their partiality. Italy and Germany are two natural allies, but however they are both different from each other and can be connected in many salutations. “Largo ai Giovani”, Italian for "make way for the young" (Clayton, 2009) was just one of the mottos that was used by Benito Mussolini’s regime. Mussolini’s saying highlights one of the most important aspects during the Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany’s education system. The education system in both countries was not just used for learning but also was the key element to creating their future soldiers. The education system had another important element and that was...
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...Influences/ turning points in Mussolini’s early life • Benito Mussolini was born in Dovia di Predappio, a small town in the province of Forlì in Emilia-Romagna on 29 July 1883. In the Fascist era, Predappio was said to be "Duce's town", and Forlì was "Duce's city". • Mussolini was named Benito after Mexican reformist President Benito Juárez. • Benito was the eldest of his parents' three children. • Mussolini's early political views were heavily influenced by his father, Alessandro Mussolini, a revolutionary socialist who idolized 19th-century Italian nationalist figures with humanist tendencies (Humanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings) such as Carlo Pisacane. • As a youth, Benito Mussolini showed much intelligence, but was boisterous and disobedient. His father instilled in him a passion for socialist politics and a defiance against authority. • He did not have a good relationship with his father and gained a reputation for bullying and fighting during his childhood. At age 10 he was expelled from a religious boarding school for stabbing a classmate in the hand, and another stabbing incident took place at his next school. He also admitted to knifing a girlfriend in the arm. • He qualified as an elementary schoolmaster in 1901. • In 1902, Mussolini emigrated to Switzerland, partly to avoid military service. He worked...
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...Kaitlyn Daignault December 2, 2012 Research Paper Hitler and Mussolini The relationship between Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini helped to instill fear throughout the rest of Europe through the 1930s and 1940s. The powerhouse duo was very similar in many ways including persuasion and public speaking; however they also had different key qualities to make them unique. Having risen to power years earlier during the 1920s, Benito Mussolini was the senior of the two, and an initial inspiration and mentor for a young Adolf Hitler. Mussolini’s ideas of a fascist Italy became a building block for Hitler and Nazi Germany. However, early on their relationship was not a good one as Mussolini saw himself as superior. Mussolini had little respect for Hitler and the Nazi Germany as a whole. He did not agree with Hitler’s beliefs regarding racialism and his desire of an Aryan race. As time continued Mussolini’s view of Nazi Germany and Hitler would change completely. As the Germans became the powerhouse of Europe, Mussolini was forced to take a backseat to Hitler throughout World War II. A young Benito Mussolini began his rise to power in Italy as early as 1918. It is then that he realized that in order for Italy to grow as a dominant force in Europe, a dictatorship was necessary. With his good looks and his persuasive speeches, a young Mussolini was able to gain the support of the Italian people. Although the content of his speeches was often incorrect, opinions contradictory...
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...How far did Mussolini achieve his aims in Foreign Policy? One of the first things that Benito Mussolini wanted to do was to expand Italy and give it and empire to rule over like France and Great Britain. He wanted Italy to be recognized as one of the dominant forces in Europe. The first of his conquests was Abyssinia. This he begun on the 40th Anniversary of the humiliating defeat Italy suffered at Adowa under the Liberals: Mussolini wanted to complete a fete that the Liberals couldn’t. As a means of propaganda to show that Italy was more powerful and united under Fascism than it had been under the Liberals. Mussolini gloried and reveled in the creation of an East African Empire. Britain and France, who Italy were allying with secretly allowed for and gave concession to his Abyssinian war. However, because they were both democracy’s, under internal condemnation and pressure, they had to publicly criticize Mussolini and Italy’s actions. This really infuriated Mussolini at the sheer hypocrisy shown by the 2 countries, as they both had large empires. This was also done because the public saw this as a brutal violation of another League of Nations country. Furthermore, in private Britain and France tried to mediate a deal, the Laval Pact. But this didn’t help the situation, because they had to side with the League of Nations, who enforced sanctions on Italy. However, this made Mussolini immensely popular at home, what one might call his finest hour. The sanctions didn’t include...
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...During Benito Mussolini’s reign, he and his Fascist regime utilized political intelligence, propaganda, and Mussolini’s own charismatic demeanor to form a cult of personality. This personality cult was used to perpetuate Mussolini as Il Duce and Italy as a Fascist state, while presenting Il Duce as a mythic hero who could do no wrong. The “Cult of the Duce” was in many aspects the unifying force of the Fascist regime, and acted as a common denominator for various political groups and social classes in the Fascist party and Italian society. Through massive organized rallies, early teachings with revised textbooks in elementary schools, and various forms of media propaganda, the “Cult of the Duce” was created, and presented Fascism with a model of centralized power and authority that solely revolved around the mythical and spectacular authority of one man, Il Duce. The emergence of the “Cult of the Duce” was to create an idealized, heroic, and at times god-like public image of the Italian dictator. The focus of this operation was to prove Mussolini as the sole Fascist savior of Italy and to gain the support and loyalty of the Italian people. Declining post war conditions helped develop a need for the “Cult of the Duce”; “The parliamentary paralysis, social disorder, and economic difficulties of the first years after the Great War greatly enhanced the popular appeal of a youthful and energetic politician like Mussolini who projected the image of a “strong man” capable of rescuing...
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...strikes during which Italian workers had occupied the factories where they worked. The Italian government of the time was unable to maintain order and control these upheavals. The state of affairs gave Benito Mussolini the opportunity to rise to power in Italy. Teacher, journalist and soldier, Mussolini advocated extreme right-wing policies. Promising order and upholding the ideal of patriotism, Mussolini had gathered around him his own private brigade and army. Mussolini's followers carried out a campaign of violence against opposing political parties and against all those who did not share their ideals. By 1922 Mussolini had enough power to demand representation in the actual government of the country. When this demand was turned down, Mussolini and his followers decided to make the challenge of force. On 28th October 1922 supporters of Mussolini converged on the city of Rome from various parts of the country, in what was to be called "La Marcia su Roma" (The March on Rome). King Victor Emanuel III and the army refused to resist them, and they enetered Rome unopposed. The King then asked Mussolini to form a government and assume the post of prime minister. This famous march on Rome heralded the rise of Fascism to importance in Italy. The fascist Party was formed in Milan by Mussolini in 1919 and its members were known as "camicie nere" (the Black Shirts), because of the black shirts they wore as uniforms. The word fascism is derived from the Latin "fasces", a bundle of rods round...
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...Pilgrimage If I were to choose who to take with me on a pilgrimage, I would choose Jesus, Mao Zedong, Josef Stalin, Benito Mussolini, and Adolf Hitler. I bet while reading this list you immediately thought that this would be an extremely horrible idea, but the thought of having the world's greatest spiritual teacher taking a pilgrimage with four ruthless dictators? Now that could get interesting. Mao Zedong, Josef Stalin, Benito Mussolini, and Adolf Hitler are all well-known leaders who caused mass genocides throughout China, Russia, Italy, and Germany. Getting them together would be seemingly impossible, so supposing they would agree to this with no problems, I think the fastest and most efficient means of travel would have to be through time (time machine). The purpose of this journey would be to show Hitler, Zedong, Stalin, and Mussolini what they had done, hoping that by actually experiencing the pain and anguish that they had caused, it would provoke them from making such heinous mistakes. By taking each of these “leaders” back in time to when each ruled and having them be in the mist of the people they had tortured (ex. Hitler being in the midst of the Jews. Either in a concentration camp, or in hiding...), I think that they would have a totally different perception. Each would experience each others' journey. Since there would be six men, they would only spend about two days in each destination. And because we would have a time machine, if they decided to, they...
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...Assignment #2- Why did Hitler and Mussolini rise to power, and how did they use it? Could a Hitler or Mussolini have acquired power in the United States during the 1930s? Cameron Combs HS240N Assignment#2 Dr. Chico What kind of economic environment would embrace Fascism? What kind of society would allow their country’s freedoms and future to be placed into one dictator’s hands? Germany was surrounded by perceived forces of evil. The exploitation of fear from the French to the West and the Russians to the East would break the spirit of the German people. The fear of these two forces against a nationalized Germany would be used by Adolf Hitler to gain power. In Italy, Benito Mussolini used alliances with the Catholic Church, unions, and industry bosses to gain political power. That, along with using brute force against his political opponents, Mussolini’s form of Fascism was gradually built with eleven years of severe political maneuvering. Both Hitler and Mussolini took advantage of a political environment to form a new lofty ideal, fascism, an ideal that would lead to a second escalation in the early 20th century. World War I ended very badly for the Prussians. They were broken into smaller nations. Lands were taken from them. Their methods of wealth gathering from previous investments were seized away from them. Any possible modes of financial stability were looking bleaker with the continuance of the reparations coming out of the Great War. Even when the new...
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...Extended Project To what extent / How did Adolf Hitler's childhood affect and shape him later in life? Why was the rise of fascism in Europe so popular in the 1930’s? Assess did Hitler become the war mongering man he was due to his childhood or was it events leading up to World War II that made him bring the Nazi’s to power and become a dictator. Was Hitler’s intention to save Germany from the economic depression it was in through military power and expansion or was it more based on the ideology of the Aryan race and the deluded hatred he had towards the Jews? Or was it both? Be sure to talk about his ancestry, his parents and schooling. Anything leading up to World War II such as Hitler’s 9 month imprisonment Include how bitter he was after World War I and resented the new German government (Weimer Republic) Include how previous personal encounters with Jews made him hate them. Explain how not only the General German public hated the Jews because of propaganda but how most of the Western world resented the Jews in the early-mid 20th century. Include Austria and events that might have happened in Austria which could have affected Hitler as a child. Hitler: The man and his ideas Adolf Hitler was born on 20 April 1889 in a little Austrian town called Braunau am Inn. His father was a customs official who Hitler did not get on well with. Also Hitler didn’t particularly excel at school and did not enjoy his schooling except for History lessons. In 1907 Hitler...
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...1922 Benito Mussolini conquista il potere 1920 232000 iscritti alla Cgl, 120000 aderenti Cil, 500000 lavoratori Uil 1919-1920 Periodo di agitazioni operaie, occupazioni e scontri 1919 In Lombardia occupazione delle fabbriche da parte di alcuni sindacalisti 1920 Occupazione delle fabbriche in tutto il nord Italia Maggio 1919 Fondazione rivista L’Odine Nuovo Gennaio 1921 Maggioranza massimalista provoca scioglimento Partito Socialista e nascita del Partito Comunista di Italia 1919 Nascita Partito popolare italiano 1919 Benedetto XV abroga il divieto per i cattolici a votare alle elezioni, emanato nel 1868 da Pio IX 1917 Costituiti Arditi, reparti di assalto esercito italiano Marzo 1919 Mussolini crea i Fasci italiani di combattimento Aprile 1919 I fascisti incendiano la sede del giornale l’Avanti Settembre 1919 Gabriele d’Annunzio e volontari occupano Fiume Giugno 1920 Caduta governo Nitti Fine 1920 Trattato di Rapallo con la Juguslavia, Istria e Zara a Italia e Dalmazia a Juguslavia. Fiume città indipendente 1924 Annessione di Fiume all Italia con trattato di Roma 1920 Giolitti allontana D’Annunzio da Fiume con maniere forti 1921 Fondazione Partito nazionale fascista, 300000 aderenti 1914 Fondazione giornale Popolo d’Italia 27-28 Ottobre 1922 Marcia su Roma 1921-1922 Biennio nero, atti intimidatori e violenti da parte di squadre fasciste Maggio 1921 Elezioni politiche 1 Maggio 1921 Dimissioni di Giolitti Luglio 1921 a Febbraio 1922 Parito socialista riformista...
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