...investors and more importantly, a supply in demand. Unfortunately, these are the effects of a capitalist society where the rich keep getting richer and the poor keep getting poorer. A popular argument for the failure of underdeveloped countries is that they are not taking advantage of the free market when in reality, the free market is taking control of underdeveloped countries. Biofuel is a large contributor to the global food crisis for multiple reasons. Biofuel is essentially ethanol that is produced by the fermentation and distillation of corn. Typically, fuel for motor vehicles is 90% gasoline and 10% ethanol. While ethanol is better for the environment for its purification of gasoline and reduced greenhouse gas emissions, it also heavily raises the prices of corn, a staple crop, in many developing countries. For example, Nebraska, the largest producer of corn in America, began to develop ethanol plants all over the country and used so much corn that the state of Nebraska had to import corn in order to meet the demand. The simple solution to this is to grow more corn to meet the needs of the ethanol industry and public necessity; however, it is not that...
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...to health and nutrition problems in the food industry. He obtained his degree in biochemistry and University College Dublin where he later followed by working for four years as research manager with Irish Distillers Ltd, which produced Irish whiskey. But during the 1980’s the alcohol fuel industry took off in the United States. With Dr. Lyons expertise in fermentation, he took up a career in the production of biofuel. But after the unexpected collapse of the fuel alcohol business forced Dr. Lyon out of the industry he decided to pursue something with less world politics and energy influence, which led him to the assumption that if yeasts, certain bacteria, and enzymes could help animals digest their food better, that it would lower the cost of production. The idea of producing animal feed additives was not commonly accepted during the time he started, but it did not take long for producers of livestock to raise awareness of the company. This was also influenced by Alltech’s desire to produce the most amount of feed at the lowest possible price. They also had the perception to “be the first to produce and the first to find conclusions” Alltech’s main headquarters was founded in Lexington, KY. But this was no constraint to the global expansion to the Alltech feed company. Due to the reduction of the trade barrier, Alltect has successfully installed factories all over the country including; European Union, Canada, Mexico, Ireland, Brazil, Japan, and many more. Alltech...
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...Environmental sustainability is gaining much focus in the recent years as people are beginning to strive for a balance between economic growth and sustainability. In fact, many developed countries such as UK, Japan have implemented strict environmental policies to enhance the quality on the environment and to preserve the sustainability of its resources. It is viewed that Malaysia’s effort has been marginal in achieving effective management of resources, pollution control and prevention of environmental degradation. Tax Incentives ENERGY Energy sector is one of the target sectors of Green Technology under the National Green Technology Policy. Various attractive incentives are given to businesses to encourage the generation of renewable energy (RE) such as biomass, biogas, hydropower and solar power, and the efficient use of energy (EE). Conservation of energy is a promoted activity under the Promotion of Investments Act of 1986, companies providing EE services or companies that incur capital expenditure for conserving energy for own consumption can be considered for the Pioneer Status or the Investment Tax Allowance. Besides, for companies who intend to implement Power Quality Improvement Projects can apply for Accelerated Capital Allowance (ACA). On top of these, income received from the sale of certified emission reduction would be exempt from income tax. Incentives Available to Companies Adopting RE/EE Initiatives: a) Pioneer Status: Exempt from income tax on 100%...
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...Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: electricity generation, air and water heating/cooling, motor fuels, and rural energy services. Based on REN21's 2014 report, renewables contributed 19 percent to our global energy consumption and 22 percent to our electricity generation in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Both, modern renewables, such as hydro, wind, solar and biofuels, as well as traditional biomass, contributed in about equal parts to the global energy supply. Worldwide investments in renewable technologies amounted to more than US$214 billion in 2013, with countries like China and the United States heavily investing in wind, hydro, solar and biofuels. Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. Rapid deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency is resulting in significant energy security, climate change mitigation, and economic benefits. In international public opinion surveys there is strong support for promoting renewable sources such as solar power and wind power. At the national level, at least 30 nations around the world already have renewable energy contributing more than 20 percent of energy supply. National renewable energy markets...
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...Renewable Energy Summary Renewable energy flows involve natural phenomena such as sunlight, wind, tides, plant growth (biomess) and geothermal heat. According to the International Energy Agency (2002), “Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its various forms, it derives directly from sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth. Included in the definition is electricity and heat generated from solar, wind, ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermal resources, and biofuels and hydrogen derived from renewable resources.” Renewable energy resources and significant opportunities for energy efficiency exist over the world. Compare to other traditional energy resources like fossil fuel, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. The rapid development of renewable energy and energy efficiency, and the technological diversification of energy resources, would provide a sustainable and stable supply of energy and a significant growth in economy for the world in a foreseeable future. History of Renewable Energy Prior to the development of coal in the mid 19th century, nearly all energy used was renewable. The oldest known use of renewable energy, in the form of traditional biomass to fuel fires, dates from 790,000 years ago (K. Kris, 2013). The second oldest usage of renewable energy is using the wild to drive ships over water. This can be traced back 7,000 years ago, to ships on Nile (The Encyclopedia of...
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...Tony Tyler Director General & CEO International Air Transport Association Annual Report 2012 68th Annual General Meeting Beijing, June 2012 Contents IATA Membership Board of Governors Director General’s message The state of the industry Safety Feature: What is the benefit of global connectivity? 2 4 6 10 18 22 26 30 36 42 48 52 Feature: How safe can we be? Security Feature: Do I need to take my shoes off? Taxation & regulatory policy Environment Feature: What is right for the passenger? Feature: Can aviation biofuels work? Simplifying the Business Feature: What’s on offer? Cost efficiency Feature: Why does economic regulation matter? Industry settlement systems Aviation solutions Note: Unless specified otherwise, all dollar ($) figures refer to US dollars (US$). This review uses only 100% recycled paper (Cyclus Print) and vegetable inks. # IATA Membership as of 1 May 2012 ABSA Cargo Airline Adria Airways Aegean Airlines Aer Lingus Aero República Aeroflot Aerolineas Argentinas Aeromexico Aerosvit Airlines Afriqiyah Airways Aigle Azur Air Algérie Air Astana Air Austral Air Baltic Air Berlin Air Canada Air China Air Corsica Air Europa Air France Air India Air Koryo Air Macau Air Madagascar Air Malawi Air Malta Air Mauritius Air Moldova Air Namibia Air New Zealand Air Nigeria Air Niugini Air Nostrum Air One Air Pacific Air Seychelles Air Tahiti Air Tahiti Nui Air Transat Air Vanuatu Air Zimbabwe Aircalin Airlink Alaska Airlines...
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...amount of carbon an industrial or commercial company processes lowering their overall emissions or carbon footprint.” (Souchik, 2012 This form of trading is a global process where individuals, industries, and countries all over the world share in the fair market trade of carbon. As nations and society progresses in technology and industrial advances we produce more carbon polluting gases that are negatively affecting the earth’s atmosphere. With carbon being the driving force in polluting gases and what to be said as the main cause for global warming, this is where companies felt they could make an impact in the world and also an impact in their pockets. “The main reason for climate change is the increase in greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions cause by anthropogenic activities (IPCC, 2007).” (Smyth, 2013) Greenhouse gases are commonly known as carbon dioxide. This comes from the burning off of fuels. Then from the carbon that is emitted from burning fuels is what harms our earth’s atmosphere causing the scare for global warming. The use of coal, and natural gases where carbon is stored and the clearance of large masses of land has sky-rocketed the amount of greenhouse gases emitted in the last century. With organizations such as the steel, cement, fertilizer, and textile industries there will...
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...global trends in sUstainable energy investment 2010 Analysis of Trends and Issues in the Financing of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency United nations environment Programme Endorsed by Copyright © United Nations Environment Programme and New Energy Finance, 2010 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. Disclaimer United Nations Environment Programme: The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not necessarily represent the decision or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement. Bloomberg New Energy Finance: The information contained in this publication is derived from carefully selected public...
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...Chapter 8: Renewable Energy Sources The Sustainability Revolution John C. Ayers "In a sense, the fossil fuels are a one-time gift that lifted us up from subsistence agriculture and should eventually lead us to a future based on renewable resources." Kenneth Deffeyes (2001) "I'd put my money on the sun and solar energy. What a source of power! I hope we don't have to wait until oil and coal run out before we tackle that." — Thomas Edison, 1931 We cannot create or destroy energy. We can only capture it. The sun provides either directly or indirectly nearly all of the energy available to us. Plants capture solar energy directly through photosynthesis. Fossil fuels contain the energy of sunlight captured hundreds of millions of years ago. Photovoltaic (PV) cells also capture sunlight energy directly. Other energy sources capture the energy of sunlight indirectly. Heat from the sun powers the flowing air and water. We usually capture the kinetic energy of wind and water by using turbines that transfer the energy to an alternator, an electrical generator that produces alternating current. Geothermal energy is different in that it captures flowing heat energy produced by radioactive decay in the earth’s interior. In this chapter we will see that Wind, Water, and Sun (WWS) energy sources are sustainable because they are renewable, clean, safe, and nearly carbon-free. Although they have low energy densities, meaning that they require large areas of land or water to produce energy...
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...Country Profile Series United Kingdom In-depth PESTLE insights PESTLE Country Analysis Report: United Kingdom REFERENCE CODE: ML00002-031 PUBLICATION DATE: May 2013 WWW.MARKETLINE.COM MARKETLINE. THIS PROFILE IS A LICENSED PRODUCT AND IS NOT TO BE PHOTOCOPIED ML00002-031/Published 05/2013 Page 1 © MarketLine. This report is a licensed product and is not to be photocopied OVERVIEW Catalyst This profile analyzes the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental (PESTLE) structure in the UK. Each of the PESTLE factors is explored on four parameters: current strengths, current challenges, future prospects, and future risks. Summary Key findings The UK has a strong democratic system, but differences between coalition partners in the incumbent government pose a challenge The UK adheres to a democratic, parliamentary system of governance known as the Westminster system. This system ensures adequate distribution of power between the executive branch led by the prime minister, the bicameral legislature and the judiciary. Growing ideological differences between the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats in the current government is making the coalition vulnerable. Tensions between pro-Europe Liberal Democrats and euroskeptic Conservatives continue to plague British politics. Further, conflicting views on issues such as welfare reforms, immigration and the economy are straining relations. The UK economy is developed, but rising government debt...
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...via sound waves. • Units used depending on their application * British Thermal Unit-Used in Heating and Cooling * Calorie-Science and Engineering (Raise the heat of water) * Food Calorie, Kilocalorie- Used in Nutrition * Joule-Science and Engineering – Electrical Current * Kilowatt Hour-Electrical Fields (Joule/Per second) * Therm- Home Heating Appliances(Heat) 2. Energy Problems • The distribution of the energy produced in the country, as is showed above in the chart, makes perfect sense because most of the energy that we produced is used in transportation and we can easily see this because we use our vehicles all day and all night. After transportation the activity that requires more energy is industry and miner for all the work that is needed in those areas. Finally the other bigger area that uses a lot of energy is at home....
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...To critically examine our hypothesis in part A, we examine 10 large MNEs (5 DMNEs and 5 EMNEs). 5 Developed Countries’ Multinational Enterprises Barclays It’s a British multinational banking & financial services enterprise, with its headquarters in London. It’s a global financial institution with operations in investment, retail and banking, in addition to credit cards, wealth management and mortgage lending. Its operations are available in more than 50 countries and regions and have about 48 million clients. As of December 31st, 2011 Barclays had aggregate assets amounting to US$2.42 trillion, making it the seventh-largest bank in the world (Wikipedia, 2015). It’s organized into these business clusters: Wealth & Investment Management; Retail & Business Banking; and Corporate & Investment Banking. Wealth & Investment Management and Corporate & Investment Banking have three business units: investment banking, wealth and investment management and corporate banking. The Retail & Business Banking cluster, on the other hand, has four business units: Europe Retail & Business Banking; UK Retail & Business Banking; and Africa Retail & Business Banking (including Barclaycard (loan and credit card provision) and Absa Group (Wikipedia, 2015). British Petroleum (BP) It’s among the 6 "supermajor" gas and oil firms in the world. It’s a British multinational corporation with its headquarters in London, England. Thanks to its 2012 performance, it became...
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...School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Received 24 October 2008 Received in revised form 13 May 2009 Accepted 14 May 2009 Available online 13 June 2009 It has been widely accepted worldwide that global warming is by far the greatest threat and challenge in the new millennium. In order to stop global warming and to promote sustainable development, renewable energy is a perfect solution to achieve both targets. Presently million hectares of land in Malaysia is occupied with oil palm plantation generating huge quantities of biomass. In this context, biomass from oil palm industries appears to be a very promising alternative as a source of raw materials including renewable energy in Malaysia. Thus, this paper aims to present current scenario of biomass in Malaysia covering issues on availability and sustainability of feedstock as well as current and possible utilization of oil palm biomass. This paper will also discuss feasibility of some biomass conversion technologies and some ongoing projects in Malaysia related to utilization of oil palm biomass as a source of renewable energy. Based on the findings presented, it is definitely clear that Malaysia has position herself in the right path to utilize biomass as a source of renewable energy and this can act as an example to other countries in the world that has...
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...Survey of the European Management Consultancy 2011/2012 December 2012 This report was prepared for FEACO by: Dr. József Poór Ágnes Milovecz Ágnes Király © Research Center on Management and Human Resource Management, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary Table of Contents Introduction by the FEACO CHAIRMAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Key Figures, 2009–2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1 Scope of the Market and Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2 Europe – Market Size, Forecast & Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2 .1 History and Projections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
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...ETIHAD AIRWAYS Assignment I Contents INTRODUCTION 2 BACKGROUND 3 ETIHAD’S CORE VALUES 4 COMMITMENT 4 VISION AND MISSION 5 HISTORY 6 LOYALTY PROGRAM 6 FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 9 FINANCIAL POSITION 9 FINANCING ACTIVITIES 11 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT 11 GENERAL ENVIRONMENT 12 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS 41 INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS 44 1. Porter's 5 forces model 44 COMPETITOR ANALYSIS 65 INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT 68 COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE 90 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 92 IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENTS THAT ETIHAD NEEDS TO BE AWARE OF: 108 ARE THE VISIONS AND MISSIONS CLEAR AND MEASURABLE? 110 REFERENCES 111 INTRODUCTION Strategic management is the comprehensive collection of ongoing activities and processes that organizations use to systematically coordinate and align resources and actions with mission, vision and strategy throughout an organization. Strategic management activities transform the static plan into a system that provides strategic performance feedback to decision making and enables the plan to evolve and grow as requirements and other circumstances change (Dess, Gregory G., G.T. Lumpkin and Marilyn L. Taylor, 2005). Our group decided to work upon Etihad Airways, the flag carrier airline for United Arab Emirates. The name ‘Etihad’ is derived from an Arabic word which means ‘union’. In addition to its main activity of passenger transportation, Etihad controls Etihad cargo and holidays. Aside from that, they have stakes in many other airlines...
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