...Bipolar Disorder Pamela Anderson Rasmussen College Author’s Note This assignment is being submitted on 02-16-14 for Jennifer Carlstrom HS 280 Abnormal Psychology course. Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder resembles a person taking a ride on a roller coaster with many ups and downs in their moods. A person with Bipolar disorder is characterized with having a tendency to fluctuate between manic and depressive episodes. This paper will define each type of bipolar disorder, will show the main difference between each type and will explain how the fluctuation between manic and depressive episodes play a part in distinguishing between both types of bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is classified into two types, bipolar I and bipolar II disorders. Bipolar I disorder has the following diagnostic criteria: “A presence or history of one or more major depressive episodes, a presence or history of at least one hypomanic episode, there has never been a manic episode or mixed episode, the mood symptoms from A and B are not better accounted for by schizoaffective disorder and are not superimposed on schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder or psychotic disorder not otherwise specified, the symptoms causing clinically significant distress or impairment in; social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning” (Barlow & Durand, 2012, p.221). “Bipolar II has these same criteria except the individual experiences a full manic episode” (Barlow &...
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...Running head: BIPOLAR I & II 1 Bipolar I & II Research Paper (Main Focus on Bipolar II) Perry Blankenship Liberty University BIPOLAR I & II 2 Abstract This paper will cover the diagnoses and treatment of Bipolar II. This paper will show that Bipolar II is found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). This paper will also discuss the use of medication as part of the treatment process for this disorder. This paper will research some of the similar and conflicting attributes of Bipolar I and II. This paper will also show that Bipolar II is a disorder that can be maintained but is never fully cured. This paper will also consider the Christian world view concerning Bipolar Disorder. BIPOLAR I & II 3 According to Maddux and Winstead (2008), Bipolar II is defined as “One or more major depressive episodes accompanied by at least one hypomanic episode.” Bipolar II patients are not as disabled, and they do not present the same psychotic features as Bipolar I patients with manic episodes. When researching information about Bipolar II Disorder a researcher will need to look under...
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...Bipolar Disorder HCA/240 Prepared by: Ta’Kesha N. Cutter Prepared for: Wanda Carter Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, has been researched since the 1st Century in Greece, and is one of the earliest recorded illnesses. Bipolar disorder causes extreme mood swings. These mood swings include extreme lows such as depression, as well as extreme highs such as mania or hypomania. When one becomes depressed they may feel hopeless or sad and lose interest or pleasure in most activities, even activities that they once enjoyed. Mood swings can occur as frequently as every day or only a few times a year. Bipolar disorder symptoms may cause strained or damaged relationships, poor performance at work and school, and even suicide. According to mayoclinic.org, “Although bipolar disorder is a disruptive, long-term condition, you can keep your moods in check by following a treatment plan” (mayoclinic.org, 2015). The mention of bipolar disorder has been dated back as early as the 1st Century in Greece. Aretaeus of Cappadocia, who was a physician and philosopher during the time of Nero or Vespasian, began the quest into the disorder by beginning the process of detailing symptoms. Aretaeus detailed the link between mania and depression. “ Aretaeus described a group of patients that who ‘laugh, play, dance night and day, and sometimes go openly to the market crowned, as if victors in some contest of skill’ only to be ‘torpid, dull, and sorrowful’ at other...
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...Bipolar Disorder Research Paper Evaluating Bipolar Disorder History of the Disorder Bipolar Disorder, formally known as “manic-depressive disorder,” is one of the oldest disorders that dates back to the second century. Aretaeus, who lived in the ancient city Cappadocia in Turkey, was the first to find and connect symptoms of mania and depression. Jules Farlet connected depression to suicide in 1854 and led to the term “Bipolar Disorder.” He found that moments of depression were linked to heightened moods and saw that there was a difference between this and simple depression. In 1875, these findings led to the term of “Manic-Depressive Psychosis.” He also later found a genetic link with this disorder. Francois Baillarger found and explained the depressive phase of the disorder and then received its own classification as a mental illness because of this finding. Emil Krapelin created the term manic-depressive after a study focusing on the how manic states effect depression. After fifteen years, the disorder was accepted and became a big theory of the 1930’s. An article, published in The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorder in 1952, showed that there was a genetic link in the disorder and that there is a chance that manic depression can run in the family. The 1960’s saw many cases of people with the disorder that were being institutionalize and were barely helped because Congress refused to treat manic depression as an actual illness. The 1970’s saw laws and standards...
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...Criterion B and C task Bi Polar Disorder Bi polar disorder, also known as bipolar affective disorder and in the past as manic depressive illness is a disorder characterized by extreme swings in mood – varying from periods of elevated, overactive, excited behaviour – known as ‘mania’ or ‘hyponia – to periods of deep depression. However, in between these severe mood swings, there are stable periods. The amount of time during which you are stable varies depending on the severity of the disorder. The disorder is rather common, and one in every 100 adults are diagnosed with the condition at one point in their life. Although Bipolar disorders most often develop between the ages of 18 and 24, it is not restricted to that period of time, and can occur at any age. Individuals from all backgrounds are all equally likely to develop bipolar disorder. In the periods of Hypomania, Some people are prone to seeing or hearing things that others around them don't (visual or auditory hallucinations) or unusual, unshared, beliefs (known as delusions). During a period of mania a person suffering from this disorder feels or acts abnormally happy, energetic, or extremely irritable, they make ill-advised and poorly calculated decisions with little to no regards regard to the consequences. In addition, it sometimes causes them to be less aware of the bodies need, such as not feeling hunger, and the need for sleep is also reduced. During the ‘low’ periods of depression there may be crying...
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...About Bipolar Disorder Jessica Menefee PSY 115 February 20, 2011 Janet Barber Abstract Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder that disrupts an individual’s emotional state. Suffers have states of mania characterized by euphoria and states of depression. There are 4 types of bipolar disorder diagnosed by their states of mania versus hypomania. There is no single cause for bipolar disorder. It can begin as soon as early adolescents, although it often gets misdiagnosed. With treatments such as mood stabilizers and antidepressants, episodes of mania and depression can be significantly reduced. Without treatment, the risk for suicide and accidental death are increased. About Bipolar Disorder Mood disorders are disorders that change a persons’ emotional state to greater extremes and for longer periods of time than most people. Mood disorders can be either uni-polar or bipolar. Uni-polar mood disorders, such as depression change individuals’ emotions in only one manner. Depression causes feelings of extreme sadness or hopelessness. Bipolar disorder gets its name from the fact that it can affect a persons’ mood in two directions, extreme happiness or extreme sadness. In terms of the earth, the poles are the northernmost and southernmost points on Earth; they are the furthest point you can go before changing directions. Varied states of extreme happiness, mania, and extreme sadness, depression, is why many refer to this disorder as manic depression. In the context of bipolar...
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...self-esteem. When depression occurs, many individuals experience feelings of intense sadness including feeling helpless, hopeless, and worthless. These symptoms may last for days to weeks and may keep a person from being able to function normally.I chose this topic to understand why individual may become victims of depression as well how different treatment alternative can assist individuals to cope with depression. According to the article there are many different signs as well as causes of depression. To name a few of the signs of depression is Symptoms of Depression such as low and irritable moods, trouble sleeping, feeling of worthiness, difficulty concentrating as well as repeated thoughts of suicide. There are several types of depression disorders that individuals have been diagnosed with. For example, Major depression is an episode of change in mood that lasts for weeks or months. It is one of the most severe...
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...At least two million Americans are living with manic-depression, more commonly known as Bipolar Disorder(Some Facts On Bipolar Disorder). Bipolar disorder is a major mood disorder that causes episodes of mania and depression and is a lifelong psychological disorder. . There are three types of bipolar disorders: Bipolar I, Bipolar II, and Cyclothymia. They all have similar symptoms but are categorized by manic and depressive episodes of different length and severity. Bipolar I is categorized by both mixed and manic episodes that last at least a week. Bipolar II is more hypomanic and depressive episodes. The third is cyclothymia, which consists of hypomanic and depressive episodes of less severity and length then bipolar I & II. Hypomanic is a less severe form of mania and mixed episodes, when symptoms of both depression and mania are present(mayoclinic). There are many symptoms associated with bipolar disorder. Mania, which is an overly stimulated state. Depression, which is an overly sad state. Both of these states also have symptoms of there own: Mania or a manic episode is characterized by high self-esteem, lack of sleep, rapid speech, racing thoughts, being easily distracted, and risky behaviors or activities like spending sprees or having unprotected sex, irritability and aggressive behavior are also symptoms seen in manic episodes. Depression symptoms include eating less/more than usual, sleeping more or having problems with sleep, agitation, low energy, loss of interest...
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...Bipolar Disorders Abstract A particular celebrity has received recent media attention for his behavior. There has been much speculation as to whether his behavior could be explained by a diagnosis of bipolar. Approximately one to three percent of the world’s population has been diagnosed with a bipolar disorder. (Merikangas, ?) Americans have a higher occurrence of over four percent. (Merikangas, ?) Bipolar disorders do not discriminate between genders and is being more frequently diagnosed in children. This paper will explain what bipolar disorders are and how they affect the individual’s ability to function. Bipolar Disorders Bipolar Disorder, also known as manic -depression, causes shifts in a person’s mood, energy, perception, and ability to function in a consistent day-to-day life. If untreated, it can cause a person to lose friends, jobs, money, and, in the worst cases, their life. Fortunately, there are treatment options and ways a person with a bipolar disorder can manage their life with minimum episodes to maintain a good quality of life. There are four diagnostic bipolar disorders all differing in types, severity, and frequency of episodes. The four types of bipolar disorders are Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder, Cyclothymic Disorder, and Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. The disorders involve a history of Manic Episodes, Mix Episodes, or Hypomanic Episodes usually accompanied...
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...Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive disorder has been around for a long time, some said as far back as 300 to 500AD. Most people who were diagnosed with bipolar back in that time were considered or thought of as being crazy or being possessed by the devil’s spirit. In the Middle Ages those that were afflicted with mental illness were thought to be guilty of wrongdoing, since there disease was a manifestation of wrongdoing (Stephens, 2014). The treatment or punishment for those that had bipolar and that were thought of as being “crazy “, was to chain them up or to restrain them, or cut the person to let the blood drain out of the body. People who had bipolar were also given potions and electric eels were placed around the skulls of the person. There have even been times where witchcraft was used to “try” to cure those that that were ill. The ancient Greeks and Romans used waters from northern Italian spas to treat agitated or euphoric patients, and later the Greeks and Romans believed lithium salts were absorbed into the body as a naturally occurring mineral (Stephens, 2014). Now, bipolar disorder is treated differently, when treating a person for bipolar, the individual is given a doctor and a therapist who understand the disorder. There may also be group or family counseling sessions that may need to be done as well. Treatment options that there are today versus the old ways have changed drastically. Patients are now hospitalized if...
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...Address the underlying causes of unipolar and bipolar disorders. What symptoms would indicate that an individual may be suffering from a unipolar or bipolar disorder? What treatments are available for individuals who suffer from unipolar or bipolar disorders? There are many different types of diseases that a person can have that could cause depression, but the main two tend to be Unipolar and bipolar. Unipolar is a condition that is caused when a person just has depression, while bipolar is when a person has highs such as mania and lows such as depression. When you hear people talk about being diagnosed with or treated for depression, they are often referring to unipolar depression. There are important differences between unipolar depression and bipolar depression – differences in how the illness makes people feel and behave, and differences in how they are supported through treatment. In addition to going through low moods or depression, individuals with bipolar disorder also have high moods known as mania during which they may experience increased energy, feelings of euphoria, insomnia (inability to sleep) or impulsive behaviors like shopping sprees or promiscuous sex. Someone with unipolar depression doesn’t go through the “highs” of bipolar depression. Below is a closer look at the symptoms of both depression and mania. If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, it’s important to visit your counseling center or a mental health professional to get the right...
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...Bipolar Disorder PSY350: Physiological Psychology Instructor: Claire Decristofaro January 19, 2016 I have chosen to research and discuss Bipolar Disorder as my younger brother (31) wsa diagnosed with BD nearly ten years ago after an injury to the head. After he was diagnosed with BD, I began to put together his behavior over our life, and realized that the symptoms that my brother exhibited matched with BD. As far as I was aware, no one in our family had ever been diagnosed with Bipolar other than my brother, so I decided to reach out to my Aunt and found that we do have other family members that have this disorder as well. My Aunt’s brother and her daughter Nycol were diagnosed with BD; it appears that BD runs in our family and is genetic. Bipolar Disorder (BD) is classified as a mood disorder; however it can also be classified as a psychotic disorder because Bipolar Disorder has psychotic symptoms (Wilson, 2013). Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder that causes a person to experience unusual shifts in mood, activity levels, and energy; this affects a person's ability to carry out normal, everyday tasks (nimh.nih.gov). A person diagnosed with BD experiences extreme highs and lows. During a mania phase, known as a high, a person goes through many different emotions and may experience (help.org): - Feelings of heightened energy - Hyperactivity - Require little sleep - Creativity - Euphoria...
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...Bipolar Disorder “Bipolar disorder is a condition in which people experience abnormally elevated (manic or hypomanic) and abnormally depressed states for short, or significant periods of time; in a way that interferes with functioning. Bipolar disorder has been estimated to affect more than 5 million Americans—about 3 out of every 100 adults. [2] It affects people without regard to age, race, ethnicity, gender, education or occupation. Not everyone's symptoms are the same and there is no blood test to confirm the disorder. Scientists believe that bipolar disorder may be caused when chemicals in the brain are out of balance. Bipolar disorder can look like depression. Distinguishing the illness is tricky, even for mental health professionals. What makes bipolar disorder different is that in addition to depression, a person also experiences the "highs" of a manic phase. Signs and symptoms of the depressive phase of bipolar disorder include persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety, guilt, anger, isolation, or hopelessness; disturbances in sleep and appetite; fatigue and loss of interest in usually enjoyed activities; problems concentrating; loneliness, self-loathing, apathy or indifference; depersonalization; loss of interest in sexual activity; shyness or social anxiety; irritability, chronic pain (with or without a known cause); lack of motivation; and morbid suicidal ideation.[3] In severe cases, the individual may become psychotic, a condition also known as severe bipolar depression...
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...Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder that associated with severe changes in the mood. One type of this disorder is Bipolar I Disorder or used to be referred as Bipolar Affective Disorder, which is characterized by periods of deep, prolonged and profound depression that alternate with periods of excessively elevated mood known as Mania. Although, Major depression episodes are common in Bipolar I Disorder, according to DSM-5, it is not required for the diagnosis of Bipolar I Disorder (American Psychological Association, 2013). The primary key feature for diagnosing the patient with Bipolar I Disorder is the manic episode as at least one lifetime manic episode is required for the diagnosis of Bipolar I Disorder. DSM-5 criteria...
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...Running head: Research Paper 1 Research Paper: Research of Articles’ Literature, Methods & Findings Running head: Research Paper 2 Research Paper: Research of Articles’ Literature, Methods & Findings My research consisted of the critique of 3 articles. Within my paper, I will summarize, critique, and capture implications of the articles. The first article is Assessing Personality in the DSM-5: The Utility of Bipolar Constructs. The second is Predicting the Behavior of Offenders with Personality Disorder: Issues for Investigative Psychology. The last article is Interactions between Bipolar Disorder and Antisocial Personality Disorder in Trait Impulsivity and Severity of Illness. All articles have something to do with personality disorders. The article Assessing Personality in the DSM-5: The utility of Bipolar Constructs was written by Douglas B. Samuel. The 8 page article was published by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. This article was about the DSM-5 labeling the personality disorders as categorical constructs. Most of the categorical labels can provide relatively straightforward and rapid communication about a person. These types of categories will lead to more stimulating research and generate specific treatment recommendations. There are some disadvantages to the categorical approach including the excessive diagnostic co occurrence, inadequate coverage, excessive heterogeneity within the categories, lack of meaningful or well-validated boundary...
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