...Firme born global și born-again global Profesor coordonator: Student: Lector Dr. Feder Emőke - Szidónia 1.Introducere Internaționalizarea firmei a fost privită pentru mult timp ca un proces incremental , în care firmele gravitau spre piețe "psihologic apropiate" și angajamentul față de piețele internaționale creștea într-o manieră graduală, pas cu pas printr-o serie de etape evolutive. Cu toate acestea, o mare parte din recenta literatură de specialitate oferă dovezi clare de internaționalizare rapidă și dedicată a firmelor firme "born-global”. Apariția unui nou flux de literatură pe firme "born global” la începutul anilor 1990 reprezintă o provocare semnificativă pentru opiniile tradiționale privind internaționalizarea firmei. Aceste firme antreprenoriale mici au tendința de a adopta o abordare globală încă de la început și de a îmbrațișa o internaționalizare rapidă și dedicată ( McKinsey & Co , 1993) . Evoluția lor a fost influențată de o tendință majoră spre globalizare și impactul omniprezent a noi tehnologii ( Knight și Cavusgil , 1996 ). În plus , firmele " born global ”, de multe ori posedă un avantaj competitiv bazat pe cunoaștere, care le permite să ofere produse și servicii cu valoare adăugată ( McKinsey & Co , 1993 ). O dovadă a existenței acestui fenomen este apariția firmelor „born-again” global. Acestea sunt firmele care au fost bine stabilite...
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...1. Introduction:- A born global company “ is defined as ” a business organization from its inception, has sought the use of resources and put out for sale in a number of country most companies gain significant competitive advantages from their operations , after years of doing business domestically slowly evolved only business internationally. 2. Characteristics born of born global firms:- 2.1. High activities in international market or in the vicinity of foundation:- Born global companies begin their products or services in a few years of setting up and running production to export a quarter or more of their total sales. Most of their advance through successive stages of internalization, cooperation with foreign partner or a company of foreign directs investment. 2.2. Limited financial and physical resources:- Born global companies are usually relatively small and have, human and financial resources tangible much less than large multinationals that have been as dominant in world trade and investment. 2.3. Present in most sectors:- Many companies have developed technology companies worldwide. However, recent data show that global phenomenon is born of the wide spread technology. 2.4. Emphasis on differentiation strategy:- Born- global companies tend to adopt differentiation strategies differentiated designs and distinctive products that try to niche markets that are too small for the benefit of a big business. 3. Specifics of technology...
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...1.- What are some of the managerial characteristics of a Born Global firm? How are distinguishable from those of a traditional firm that seek to expand with a more traditional evolutionary process? The Born Global firm phenomenon refers to those special firms that adopt an international approach right from their birth The general characteristics of Born Global firms differentiate themselves from other multinationals in their growth stages. Born Global firms typically operate in a narrowly defined market niche, which makes it harder to grow in a small home market. A high degree of specialization requires internationalization if the firm wants to achieve substantial growth. Born Global firms often possess unique resources and capabilities such as entrepreneurial orientation of the founders, innovation behind products and technology, accumulated knowledge of the founders and managers from previous work experience, and networking capabilities. Managers with a previous background of international strong activity will give to the company a more sure address to its business expansion, for this reason a high level of entrepreneurial orientation supports the firm´s ability to recognize and create opportunities at an early stage. It can be argued that Born Global firms are typically found in niche business areas where products are unique, and require high amount of research and development like the high tech business area. It is very important to invest in products...
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...THE BORN GLOBAL LITERATURE The emerging scholarly literature presents born global firms as an entirely new phenomenon. Traditionally, international business scholars have argued that firms venturing abroad follow a set process of development, beginning at home, with clearly defined stages which unfold sequentially.12 This conventional view was challenged by Oviatt and McDougall’s seminal 1994 analysis,13 which argued that these firms commence their internationalisation at inception, because local competitive forces prevent them from beginning operations within their domestic economies. Additionally, focus Oviatt and McDougall maintained that internationalising firms focus on controlling resources rather than owning them. Traditional international business theory was also questioned by the ‘innovation models’ approach, which identifies managerial innovations within the firm as the driving force of international expansion.14 The observations made in the present investigation accord in part with both the established view of internationalisation and its critics, as the additional extension of born global firms beyond exporting is characterised by impersonal processes as well as entrepreneurship. What is evident, however, is that the firms examined here did not follow a linear path of expansion. Rather, the processes they went through often occurred simultaneously and in a compressed period of time. Existing literature on born global firms lapses into...
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...Cochlear is an Australian company is regarded as a leader in and expert in hearing innovation is a born global company that has reached over 100 countries. In order for a company to be considered born global they must have a quarter per cent share in foreign sales within two to three years of establishment (Kudinan, Yip and Barkema, 2008). When a company like Cochlear is born global the business must understand in depth each of the counties in which they market and sell their products, this can be done through the exploration of the countries macro environment. Discussed throughout this paper will be how different macro environmental factors in overseas markets and how each of them could potentially affect Cochlear’s global marketing mix. Borden, 1964 describes the marketing mix as a group of essential components or requirements that make up a businesses marketing strategy, in short it is made up of 4 components, product, price, place, promotion (Vignali, 1994). However, when entering into any market domestic of international, there are a number of factors that govern how the marketing mix is created, including trade behaviours, government regulations, competitors, and consumers purchasing behaviours (Grönroos, 1997). In order for the marketing strategy to be successful in any marketplace the correct mix of components must be chosen. This is the case for a born global company like Cochlear, as it is vital that when entering into overseas market places, they must look into the...
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...Harry Hess was born in New York on May 27, 1906. He died on August 26, 1969. Harry Hess made many contributions to science such as he discovered features on the floor of the ocean that appeared to be mountains with the tops flattened. Harry Hess used sounding equipment. The sounding equipment takes measurements of the sea floor. Harry Hess is a geologist who studies plate tectonics theory. The theory of plate tectonics explains the features and movement of Earth’s surface in the present and the past. Harry Hess received a Bachelor of Science degree from Yale in 1931 and a Ph.D. from Princeton in 1932. In 1934, He became a professor at Princeton University, where he became the head of the Geology department. He became the head of the geology department in 1950. Also in 1964 the sixth Blair Professor of Geology. Harry Hess died of a heart attack on August 26, 1969 in Massachusetts. Dr. Hess’ most significant contribution to plate tectonic theory began in 1945 when he was the commander of the U.S.S. Cape Johnson. While traveling from one place to another, Hess left the sounding equipment on that takes measurements of the sea floor. It was at the time the time that Dr. Hess discovered features on the floor of the ocean that seemed to be mountains with flattened tops. He called these features on the floor of...
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...Educators and parents have legitimate concerns about the effects of the Digital Age on learning. Digital media has changed dramatically since the development of the Internet and improvement of wireless technology. John Palfrey, Professor of Law and Urs Gasser, Executive Director of the Berkman Center for Internet and Society, both employed by the prestigious Harvard Law School, have written about how the world has been reshaped because of this new digital world in Born Digital. They found that this period “is the most rapid period of technological transformation ever, at least, when it comes to information” (3). This transformation of digital media over the last twenty-five years and the introduction of tools like the iPad create a clutter of information that threaten the ability to think deeply and concentrate, which has made the current educational system obsolete and ineffective. This same technology can be utilized to create the school of the future, by improving learning in the Digital Age. Digital natives, ”born after 1980,” do not know the world without the Internet, cell phones, computers, tablets and everything else that networked digital technology has provided (Palfrey 1). They “study, work, write and interact with each other in ways that are very different from the ways” their parents and grandparents grew up. (Palfrey 2). Palfrey and Gasser found that digital natives are comfortable with this new technology and experts at multitasking by surfing, gaming, texting...
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...Born into Brothels is a documentary focusing on the lives of a group of children who were born and live in the “red light” district of India, specifically the children of prostitutes. The documentary was well received by critics and won multiple awards, including an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. With such positive reception, it is important to examine what made this documentary so successful; its success can be broken down into two main components, method of delivery and subject matter. The film is shot almost entirely by a single camera, with no additional cameramen or microphone equipment. Much of the footage from the early part of the film was not intended to be included in the documentary, but was a side note of the Zana Briski’s original intent filming her experience in the red light district of India. However, as she got to know the children she began focusing the filming more on them and their situation. This leads the camera work related to the children in the early part of the file to be very rough, as Briski is often holding the camera while trying to interact with the children. When Briski is not holding the camera it is in a stationary position filming her, so it cannot capture the children’s part of the scene easily, only their voices. This is one of the film’s strengths, as it gives a first person feel to the storytelling, placing the viewer with the children and in the city just as Briski experienced it rather than just observing it in travel log...
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...Kaavya Viswanathan was offered a two book deal with Alloy and a one movie deal with DreamWorks worth $500,000 and in 2006 Kaavya Viswanathan wrote and released a book titled “How Opal Mehta Kissed, Got Wild, and Got a Life”. A few weeks after it was released by Alloy it was discovered that she plagiarized several different authors. A few of the authors that she took portions of her work from and the books that they were from are Megan F. McCafferty “Sloppy First”, “Second Helpings”, Toni Morrison “The Bluest Eye” and Tanuja Desai Hidier “Born Confused” (Zhou, 2006) (Dave, 2006). After the plagiarism was discovered her books were taken off the shelves and she lost the contract for the movie. At the time this took place Kaavya Viswanathan was a student at Harvard University, the academic board met to go over the case and they determined that because it was not academic plagiarism that she would not be punished by the school, however she did take a leave of absence from school until all aspects of the case was settled (Dave, 2006). Plagiarism is when someone copies another’s work verbatim and puts their name on it taking full ownership of the work (iParadigms, LLC, 2013). Paraphrasing is also considered to be plagiarism if it is not cited giving credit to the original author of the work. There are a couple ways that someone could mistakenly plagiarize their work. The first is if the person does not know when or how to cite the source from where they got the words from whether it...
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...Max Blanck was just an ordinary man that came from a traditional family. His great- grandfather and grandmother were theology proffessors, and his father was a law professor. During his young school years he became a student of Hermann Muller, a mathematician that taught him astronomy and mechanics along with mathematics. This is when Planck first got an interest in physics and learned the principle of conservation of energy. He began the studies in 1874 at the University of Munich and studied theoretical physics. After he graduated, he taught math and physics briefly. Planck completed his habilitation thesis and began lecturing in Munich without getting paid becuase he was waiting to be offered a new postion. He also furthered his work on the field of heat theory. Planck then became a professor at Berlin University and joined the Physical Society. As far as Plancks home life goes, he married and had four children. He was friends with theologian Adolf con Harnack and his home soon because a social center. Famous scientists like Albert Einstein and Otto Hahn all frequently visited. His wife died and he remaired and had his third son. Planck's two sons and two daughters all died. By the end of the 1920s, Bohr, Heisenberg, and Pauli had worked out the interpretation of quantum mechanics, but Planck rejected it. He expected that wave mechanics would render the quantum theory, even though this can not be the case. Further work only cemented quantum theory, even against...
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...I come from Quang Ninh, where is known as a name is land mines and tourist city. Do you know that, QN is a province that has the biggest source of coal in Viet Nam? We account for 90% of of Viet Nam’s coal. Beside, my hometown is also well-known because of having many places like Ha Long Bay, Cua Ong Temple, Yen Tu Pagoda, Bai Tho mountain and so on.They are famous tourist destination. Ha Long Bay has been twice recognized as a world natural heritage by UNESCO, is one of seven natural wonders of the world. If you come here, you should visit Thien Cung cave, Dau Go cave, Titop island,… They are somewhere that cann’t be missed when you go to visit HL Bay. The beaches are long and so beautiful, especially the beach is in Tuan Chau. The views are so wonderful if you see from a top of a mountain, or from a ship running on the sea. In addition, Mong Cai International border gate is also well-known. It’s not only a tourist destination but also a major and important commercial center. Because of being a coastal province, sea food is specialty of Quang Ninh. You can try some dishes are made from shrimps, crabs, abalones,… They are very delicious. And we have some other specialties such as nem chua, cakes nodded,… The people in my home town are very friendly and generous. If you go to Quang Ninh, I will introduce to you more and more about my...
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...Wilco’s band recorded their record Yankee for Hotel Foxtrot in unique ways. One thing that stands out the most is the fact that the band produced, engineered and completely put the record together on their own. They considered the record to be an experiment and spent a lot of time changing things up with the music until they got their desired results. After waking the movie “I am Trying to Break Your Heart”,if I were to be the band manager, I would maybe consider handling some things in a different way. When it comes to the record label and the changing relationship, I would advice the band to stay true to themselves. The record label wanted the band to change the record and I would have to agree with the band when they said no. It is their record and they are the artists, why should they change something that is a reflection of who they are? I think it was fine for the band to pull away from the record label because as a result, they ended up with more freedom to release the album the way they wanted to. The record label basically paid for the band to make the record, then turned around and gave it right back to the band which in my opinion was not smart on their part. As far as the conflicts between Jeff Tweedy and Jay Bennett, I do not know if there was much to be done that could have helped the situation. The conflicts that they had would have more than likely ended up causing problems at some point in time. Jay and Jeff both had ideas that they wanted and both were not...
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...Individual Paper Topic: Explain the need for understanding different intergenerational attitudes of people towards technology and the implications it has for facilitating communicating between digital natives and digital immigrations. HO Nancy Hiu Kwan Introduction With the growth of time, the role of technology is getting more and more significant where technological products are commonly found in today‟s society and everyone generally equips with more than 2 gadgets to deal with their daily business. It is observed that majority of people flips on their smartphone during the ride or in meal are teenagers and young adults, they do with no reason but treat it as a habit. Since those digital natives can hardly live without the electronic devices, feel uncomfortable without them in hands and play with it (smartphone) regardless of the location and time can therefore said as an addiction. And now, it raises a question of whether the rapid advancement of technology betters our life or we are determined by technology? The above controversial topic often comes with diverse respondents amongst different generations, where teenagers may usually agree with technology improves their life in overall despite of some drawbacks brought by those digital technologies as they get used to the online space and possible to handle all the matters by their own; whereas the elder generation may have a different comments and believe technology undoubtedly better off our lives, yet more drawbacks...
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...The following musical piece called Born in the U.S.A. is a musical piece written and performed by Bruce Springsteen. It illustrates both the aftermath and the previous life of an American soldier that has been fighting during the war in Vietnam. The narrator is somewhat described as a sort of outlaw in the American community, before he is sent to Vietnam that is. The following quotation from the first verse characterizes this pretty well. “End up like a dog that's been beat too much, till you spend half your life just covering up“ It is the rarest amount of people that strives to be illustrated as a dog that has been beaten up, spending it is entire life, trying to cover up its past. I therefore think it is fair enough to conclude that we are dealing with a to some extent goon of America. It is definitely not a person from the upper classes of the American families. The text actually shows that the reason of his voyage was some hometown jam (maybe a brawl). “Got in a little hometown jam, so they put a rifle in my hand” A goon that suddenly would have his identity changed from low-life to national patriot and hero, by joining sides with the anti-communist forces, led by the U.S.A. That is what he probably thought he would become, but Springsteen exposes the reality quite differently. The soldier did not really receive a welcome of a hero, neither of a patriot when he returned home. The reality was a fear of the shadow of the penitentiary. ¨ In addition, whilst...
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...Documentary Film “Born Into Brothels” Response Essay Academy award winner “Born Into Brothels” (2004) directed by Zana Briski and Ross Kaufmann takes place in Calcutta’s Sonagachi Red Light District in India. The film starts with a close up shot of a young girl’s face. All throughout the beginning, lots of transitions are used by the editor. The scenes switch back and fourth of the busy street where women line up to sell themselves for money, then the focus is on the children’s face again. The innocence shows in their eyes, but they already know what happens behind closed doors, and they know soon it’s their turn to “join the line”. The scenes are filled with still images of the residents of the Red Light District. The film depicts a hard life for these women and their children. It saddens me deeply that this is the fate of many girls in impoverished countries. Without help many of these precious children will be prostituting themselves soon, because they are forced by their ignorant parents and their poverty. What a clever way to make this film! To live with them and form a friendship during the filming process, and to help these children to not end up like their mothers did. A lot of b-roll footage and the children’s photos are shown throughout the film. The camera follows the children around in a Cinema verite fashion to capture the action. The footage is shaky but the content of the film is so powerful it doesn’t matter. The film has the feel of a home video...
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