.../ or the rate the tumor is growing at. Here are a few broad symptoms of breast cancer: An irregular lump especially if only in one side Change of skin of the breast (redness, dimply) Change of size or shape Unusual pain that is constant Discharge that happens without force Inversion, redness, crusting, ulcer at the nipple Overall the main thing to look out for is anything new or different in the vicinity if the breast. Some treatments for early breast cancer will involve: Targeted therapies Hormonal therapies Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Breast surgery (to the armpit) Breast reconstruction (if had whole breast removed through breast surgery) Research continues for other ways to treat different types of...
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...of Writing 22 November 2015 Composition in Three Genres Breast Cancer is becoming more and more well-known and almost anyone you ask can say they know or are related to someone who has or had Breast Cancer. This is a problem because Breast Cancer, to me, seems like the most talked about type of cancer at this time. I think that more people should be aware of the causes of Breast Cancer and also about where their money goes when they donate to the Susan G. Komen Foundation, the largest funder of Breast Cancer research. People should be more educated about these two things because there is so many people affected by Breast Cancer. I want my audience to learn about what the Susan G. Komen Foundation is really doing with the money they are donating to the Foundation. To do this, I created three genres of composition. These genres include a photo essay, a brochure, and a poster. I hope to reach my audience in a different way with these compositions than I did with my essay. For my three genres I chose to compose a photo essay, a brochure, and a poster. These are all unique and can reach my audience and have them understand what I am trying to have them understand. Between all of the compositions, I included photos of women who have had mastectomies, pink ribbons, and the Susan G. Komen Foundation logo. I included the mastectomy pictures because I think it is really important for people to see what Breast Cancer physically does to someone. Not many people are open about showing...
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...Background: Breast cancer cases in women are highly attributed to BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. The protein products of these genes suppress the development of cancer, in part by repairing damage in other genes. Women who inherit a nonfunctioning copy of either BRCA1 or BRCA2 therefore have a significantly elevated lifetime risk of breast cancer, especially at an early age. Identification of hereditary breast cancer susceptibility allows optimized medical management of an individual's increased risk of breast cancer. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to highlights the arguments on doing predictive breast cancer genetic testing to investigate who is likely to carry a mutation, from ethical and legal perspectives of proponents and opponents...
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...Ciera Parker 03/15/13 Issue Essay Wolford English 102 Issue Essay Since I am doing my service learning hours with the Discovery Center of Idaho, which is home to the temporary Bodies Revealed exhibit, I have chosen to do my essay on the terrible issue of cancer in the body, focusing mainly on breast cancer in women of any age. Breast cancer is the second most common cancer that is developed in women of all ages. The first being all types of skin cancers. It is estimated that one in eight women in America will develop an invasive form of breast cancer in their lifetime, but one in thirty-six women will die from the breast cancer. Breast cancer has the second highest death rate of cancers in women, besides lung cancer which is almost always fatal. According to the American Cancer Society, they predict that almost 40,000 women will die from breast cancer and about 230,000 new cases will be diagnosed in women this year alone. Scientists are continuing to search for a cure and prevention of this horrible disease because of these ridiculously high numbers. Although nobody has found a definite answer for the cause of breast cancer or any cancers in general, there are many risk factors that are thought to increase your chances of developing cancer. Some people are born with genetic mutations that cause the cells in your body to multiply faster and more aggressive than normal. It is also hereditary, meaning if a family member had breast cancer in the past, specifically one's...
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...Breast Cancer: The Fight in Men and Women Abstract Cancer is made up of many diseases. There are over 100 different types of cancers. Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells split without control and intrude the likes of other tissues. Cancer cells normally spread to other areas of the body through the blood and lymph system. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the United States when it is referred to women. Breast cancer also can be found in men. It is said to be a rare occurrence, but it is a growing problem among the male species. Breast cancer has many risk factors that can play a huge part in the wake of this disease. There are several different tests that can determine your status. Cancer is a disease that is a major problem within our country. There are many naive people who may be unaware of the seriousness of this unfortunate disease. Cancer is the leading cause of death in the United States today. Breast cancer is the most common of all cancers that consumes the lives of many women each year. However, breast cancer is also a problem that attacks men as well. Breast cancer is considered a rare occurrence in men, but it is a growing problem that should be recognized. Because breast cancer is a disease that is more common in women, it is silently overlooked and rarely talked about in men. [Thesis might be revised further so that it summarizes the main idea of your essay more clearly.] In the United States there are 234,580 new cases of breast...
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...Breast Cancer Diona Curtis SPEECH 200 October 21, 2013 Breast Cancer Breast cancer is a kind of cancer that develops in the breast. It occurs when a malignant tumor starts in the cells of the breast. A malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that invade surrounding tissues and can spread to other areas of the body. There are two forms of breast cancer, invasive and non-invasive. Invasive cancer is the serious form of breast cancer. Invasive cancer is when the cells break out of the breast area and begins to invade other tissue surrounding it. Eventually, the cells make their way to other parts of the body such as bone and organs; which is called metastasis. The abnormal cells can travel through the bloodstream and our lymph system early-on or later. Non-invasive cancer is when the cells have not left its place of origin yet. Non-invasive cancer can also be referred to as “pre-cancerous”. It can be referred to that because although it is has not left its origin, it can eventually develop into invasive cancer. Cancer can spread three different ways: tissue, lymph system, and the blood. The signs and symptoms of breast cancer vary depending on the body of the patient. The symptoms can only be felt by the patient and described to the doctor or nurse according to what they are feeling. A sign is when the patient and other people can detect a problem. Usually the first symptoms signs and symptoms of breast cancer are pain, headaches, and a lump. Other possible early signs...
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...effectiveness of population-based screening for breast cancer. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death due to cancer in women, with statistics from the USA showing that one in eight women will develop the disease.1 Studies in the UK show that 90% of women diagnosed in the early stages survive the disease, while this figure is only 15% if diagnosed at a later stage illustrating the importance of an effective screening programme to reduce mortality.2 In the following essay I will review various randomised control studies and cohort studies in order to establish how nationwide screening programmes best reduce mortality, looking at the targeted sector of the population and the methods in practice. I will also address how the public health sector could improve on early detection and possible policies that could be implemented. Additionally I will review whether current methods of screening for breast cancer in more economically developed countries can also be implemented in less developed countries. With 1.38 million women having been diagnosed with breast cancer in 2008 I feel this issue is of relevance as chronic diseases such as this one show no signs of eradication in the near future and late stage treatment is both invasive for the individual and damaging to the economy.2 Before delving into the effectiveness of screening programmes the methods used to diagnose breast cancer at an early stage should be mentioned. Screening for breast cancer is usually a mammogram once a year once...
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...3.06 activity essay Mutations are changes in a genetic make up , thus mutations come in many different forms as so mangy this can go wrong in the process of duplicating DNA and causing these mutations. Many mutations contribute to many different things , BRC1 and BRC2 contributing to breast cancer. BRC1 is much more dangerous as she has a 18% chance of dying versus BRC2's 2.8% chance of death. All of the woman in this survey had a family history with breast cancer thus having a history with BRC1 and BRC2 , giving there off spring a higher chance of having mutations and breast cancer. a total of 90 women in tho survey had a preventative surgery wether it was removing the breast or their ovaries. However in order to draw conclusions about the effectiveness I would have to see there results after compared to the women who didn't take the precaution surgeries. The age diagnosis tells me the majority of women find out if the have great cancer in the ages from 40 - 69 , mostly in the middle ages 50-59. Cancer cells are given to off spring through their parents most of the time , thus giving down the family traits , the more off spring people with cancer cells have the more present day people would have cancer cells and so on , Cancer is not something we could stop , If we were to kill every one with cancer cells or the possibility of cancer cells we would be killing off almost all of our population so the despite cancer related surgeries and deaths the cancer cell will live through...
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...This essay will be a reflective account of an incident from practice based on Gibbs’ Reflective cycle; I will critically analyse the nature of the incident based on the best available evidence. This reflection will help to identify new skills and knowledge learnt as a result of the incident and the implications for my future nursing practice. Although I am aware many reflective models exist, I have chosen to use Gibbs’s reflective framework as it is a cycle and encourages me to think about what I would do differently next time. This clearly shows Gibbs’ awareness that a nurse will have a similar experience again. This reflection method supports Schon’s (1991 cited Issitt 2003) opinion that reflecting on practice after the event is the most effective way to maintain an improvement as a development can be made. As part of the UKCC Project 2000 pre registration nurses are expected to be able to reflect on practice experiences and reflection can help create holistic and flexible practitioners (Andrews et al 1998). For the purpose of the assignment I will use a pseudonym to protect the client’s identity in accordance with the law as stated by the Department of Health (2003), there is also an obligation stated by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC 2008) to protect client confidentiality. This pseudonym is Sue. The first stage of Gibbs’ model is a description of what happened; whilst on a surgical ward I was caring for a lady post operatively who had a bilateral total mastectomy...
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...histogram below shows the total estimated new breast cancer cases diagnosed in 2003. © 2011 FLVS 2. The results in this table below are from a 2007 study investigating BRCA mutations in women diagnosed with breast cancer. All of the women in the study had a family history of breast cancer. BRCA Mutations in Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer | BRCA1 mutation | BRCA2 mutation | No BRCA mutation | Total | Number of patients | 89 | 35 | 318 | 442 | Average age at diagnosis | 43.9 | 46.2 | 50.4 | | Preventative mastectomy* | 6 | 3 | 14 | 23 | Preventative oophorectomy* | 38 | 7 | 22 | 67 | Number of deaths | 16 | 1 | 21 | 38 | Percent died | 18 | 2.8 | 6.9 | 8.6 | *A mastectomy is the surgical removal of one or both breasts, either partially of fully. An oophorectomy is the surgical removal of an ovary or ovaries. Things to address in your summary essay: * Describe how mutations lead to genetic variations. * Which appears to be more dangerous: the BRC1 or BRC2 mutation? * Analyze a woman’s risk of dying of cancer if she carries a mutated BRC1 gene. * How do heredity and inheritance relate to the data presented in these charts? * What data would you need to see in order to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of preventive surgeries? * What does the age at diagnosis tell you about the mutation? * Explain how breast-cancer genes are still present in the population, despite cancer-related surgeries and deaths....
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...below shows the total estimated new breast cancer cases diagnosed in 2003. © 2011 FLVS 2. The results in this table below are from a 2007 study investigating BRCA mutations in women diagnosed with breast cancer. All of the women in the study had a family history of breast cancer. BRCA Mutations in Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer BRCA1 mutation BRCA2 mutation No BRCA mutation Total Number of patients 89 35 318 442 Average age at diagnosis 43.9 46.2 50.4 Preventative mastectomy* 6 3 14 23 Preventative oophorectomy* 38 7 22 67 Number of deaths 16 1 21 38 Percent died 18 2.8 6.9 8.6 *A mastectomy is the surgical removal of one or both breasts, either partially of fully. An oophorectomy is the surgical removal of an ovary or ovaries. You can just answer/discuss the 7 topics below or them in essay form. You should have at least 2 sentences for each one except number 2. 1. Describe how mutations lead to genetic variations. 2. Which appears to be more dangerous: the BRC1 or BRC2 mutation? 3. Analyze a woman’s risk of dying of cancer if she carries a mutated BRC1 gene. 4. How do heredity and inheritance relate to the data presented in these charts? 5. What data would you need to see in order to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of preventive surgeries? 6. What does the age at diagnosis tell you about the mutation? 7. Explain how breast-cancer genes are still present in the population, despite cancer-related surgeries and...
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...aggressive cancer, potentially altering the fatality of the disease forever” (para 1). Legalizing marijuana for medical and recreational use will allow for many great things to come to this country. A hundred million Americans have smoked marijuana at least once in their life to include the president, his two right hand men, the mayor of New York and numerous of other Americans of that 100 million at least 25 million of them are regular users of the drug (CNBC, 2010). Marijuana has become a part of the American life (CNBC, 2010). Marijuana comes from a dried plant that is created to induce euphoria. However, it is no more addictive than tobacco or alcohol and even can bring good to the body and mind. Marijuana legalization will help those with medical issues, lower crime rates, and help decrease debts in the United States. Legalizing marijuana for medical and recreational use will help people with medical issues such as cancer and glaucoma. According to the National Institute of Drug Abuse: The Science of Drug Abuse & Addiction, marijuana is classified as a drug that is not an acceptable form of medicine for those with medical concerns, to include cancer (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2012). However, when considering the research done on the subject of marijuana as medicine for those with cancer, the results have shown time and time again a compound in marijuana actually helps stop and prevent the spreading of cancer cells (Wilkey, 2012). In more depth, breast cancer cells reflect...
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...Breast Cancer Manoela Colindres Professor Susan Barnett Colorado Christian University November 15, 2014 Due to the large amount of commercials, fundraisers, 5K runs and walks it is rare to find someone who has not heard about breast cancer, but do they actually know what all takes place in breast cancer? Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts in the cells of the breast, which means that the tumor is a group of cells that grow and spread to other areas of the body. STATISTICS Breast cancer can occur in both men and women, but it is most commonly seen in women. Approximately affecting 1 in 8 women in the United States, about 232,670 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in women, about 62,570 new cases of carcinoma in situ (CIS) will be diagnosed (CIS is non-invasive and is the earliest form of breast cancer), and about 40,000 women will die from breast cancer. Breast Cancer is the second leading cause of death, but is responsible of only has 3%, or 1 out of 36 of death in women. Studies done by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show that breast cancer is not only the most common cause of death in Hispanic women, but also the second leading cause of death in African American, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and Americans. Although all we hear are the negative information and deaths from breast cancer, the survival rate in the United States of women who have survived breast cancer is 2.8 million...
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...production. Breastcancer is one very well know topic, a better understanding of this topic which define the disease itself and its sufferers. I will aim to explain the specifically of breast cancer and breast cancer bodies. Part of the challenge of this project, and indeed is to point out breast cancer issues is still not found in major histories ofphotography, or even anthologies of womenþs photography. Itstradition lies inx-rays, MRIs and collections of medical photographs designed forthe purposes ofdocumentation or instruction, or, alternately, in scattered exhibitions or collections. This history has only very recently been reclaimed and written differently by women photographers and writers, and feminist academics and activists. I have deliberately chosen two photographs whose subject involves some type of writing literally on the bodyas a way ofconcentrating my discussion of the issues involved when photography attempts to process or project experiences of breast cancer, or shape publicperceptions ofthe disease. In this essay, which is part of a more extensiveinvestigation, I will begin some readings focusing on how two women's work incombined image andtext points to desire and agency. The photographs have both strongsimilaritiesin their re-writing on and of the breast cancer body, and markeddifferences intheir attitudes and intentions. In each case, the photograph itselfis worthlooking at closely as a photograph on its own, yet the text whichaccompanieseach...
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...Skip to Navigation Skip to Content TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research DocumentsThe Research Paper Factory Join Search Browse Saved Papers Search A Humanistic Approach To Working With A Terminally Ill Patient In: Psychology A Humanistic Approach To Working With A Terminally Ill Patient A Humanistic Approach to Working with a Terminally Ill Patient “Humanistic psychology . . . emphasizes the independent dignity and worth of human beings and their conscious capacity to develop personal competence and self respect” (Humanistic Psychology Overview, 2001). This view of humanistic psychology shows why a humanistic approach is valuable and effective when working with patients who have a terminal illness, such as cancer. This paper will provide an example of a humanistic approach by a medical professional in providing care to a terminally ill patient. This paper will also provide a reflection of my feelings on the approach, my thoughts on how I would prefer a human service worker to work with me in such an instance, and discuss how unconditional positive regard would be presented under these circumstances. The following example is from Jill Preston’s article in the Journal of Community Nursing, Using Reflective Practice in Palliative Care (2001). Brenda is a patient who was diagnosed with breast cancer and was treated with a mastectomy and radiotherapy. Three years later, Brenda presented back pains to her physician. It was discovered that...
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