...both the First and Second World War on Britain which included its political situation and economy which was in turmoil due to the war. International pressure from countries such as the US whom Britain became reliant on during and after WW2. The consequences of key events such as the Indian mutiny and the Amritsar massacre which both brought about new policies and changed the way the country was governed. Nationalism was the most important factor in the period 1845-1947 in changing Britain’s relationship with its empire in India, as some of the factors listed above such as the Indian mutiny, and the support of key individuals were a result of nationalism. The Indian mutiny was very significant in changing Britain’s relationship with its empire in India in the period 1845-1947 to a great extent. Nationalism was the leading cause behind the mutiny as the British failed to realise the importance of Indian culture and religion. The mutiny was one of the first notable events that lead to a change in the relationship of Britain and India as it brought about great change in the way India was governed. The mutiny was caused due to ‘…political grievance and religious fears.’The British planned to annex princely states which led to many people losing jobs. Leading to the antagonisation of the Indian people as they would lose their source of income having a bad effect on the relationship with the British. This was combined with the religious fears of the Brahman cast as they were horrified...
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...Word count= 2000 Word count= 2000 World War Two (WW2) and the situation it created within Germany saw the creation of two rival political systems which were influenced by rival foreign powers. In this aspect, it can be seen as the key turning point in German political systems. When Germany at the end of WW2 was conquered and occupied by the allies between the years 1945-1949 (point zero), the subsequent rift between the capitalist allies (Britain, France and America) and the communist allies (Russia) formed two opposing democratic Germany’s; The Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the German Democratic Republic (GDR). This is significant, due to foreign powers controlling Germany’s political system, as well as the departure from Sonderweg, meaning Germany no longer followed a unique path of development and that nationalism and militarism were on the decline. The significance of the previous German eras, Kaiser Reich (Semi-Autocratic Empire), Weimar Republic (Federal Democracy) and the Third Reich (Dictatorship) are also significant, however in political terms they are not as significant as post 45. The significances of post 1945 can be seen by its success of creating a working democracy in Germany after 1945, the FRG. One reason why the FRG was successful revolves around the sudden decline in German militarism and nationalism. This is evident in the fact that the FRG’s constitution was based on the Weimar Republics concept of ‘Grundgesetz’, which means basic law. The implications...
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...During the years 1945-1948, the development of the Cold war seemed to have been catalysed by various factors. The Second World War created a power vacuum in Europe into which the USA and the USSR were both drawn; large areas of Europe were left without meaningful government or administration. Subsequently much of Europe was left devastated and was in desperate need of reconstruction. The USA and the USSR were to provide the inspiration for alternative methods of recovering Europe, the USA aimed to invest billions into Europe hopefully mending the economy and to prevent the temptation of communism which seemed very attractive to those countries whose economy were in ruins. Moreover by doing this, the American economy also benefitted as countries who accepted the financial aid would have to open up there economy to American capitalist interests. On the other hand the Soviets were looking to expand Soviet territory and create a sphere of influence, whether this was to create a buffer zone for the USSR or to spread communism, it developed the Cold War as America felt threatened. Many historians have differing views on the matter which is evident in sources 7, 8 and 9, all of which feature modern historians posing some very different arguments. Some historians, as stated in the question believe that the expansion of the Cold War within 1945-48 was due to Soviet Expansionism whereas others believed it was because of USA’s economic interests. Either way, it seems most likely that both...
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...(WW1) would prove to embody the climax of British colonial ideologies and strengthen India’s international profile as an evolving nation. The Indian contribution to the war was extraordinary and Gandhi’s conscription efforts for the British Army was based upon the premise of fighting for ‘the good and glory of human civilisation’ – a contrasting attitude to the one displayed in the initial stages of the Second World War (WW2) when he boycotted the recruitment drive. At the start of the war in 1914 Britain was the world’s dominant power however WW1, although concentrated in Europe, threatened global British diplomatic authority and it was John Buchan who stipulated that the war only ‘blew the dry winds toward the Indian border… where the parched grasses await the spark’. In context, his prognosis prophesises the effects the war would have on not only the British government but on Indians also, whose tide of nationalist thinking was to be fortified. Word count: 292 Word count: 292 Word count: 558 Word count: 558 A sharp increase in anti-seditious government policy illustrates the embedded British fear of an Indian uprising as a result of the war, how it changed both the social and political landscape of India and enforced the Western ideals of democracy. The focus on the war effort in France, although with logical intentions, exposed the fragility of the British Empire and how easily its existence could be threatened - 1915 British Cabinet War Committee minutes detail how ‘the...
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...The Empire of Japan during WW2 The Empire of Japan during World War two seen great victories and expanding territories it also seen dramatic defeat. “At the height of its power in 1942, the Empire of Japan ruled over a land area spanning 2,857,000 square miles, making it one of the largest maritime empires in history (Colin, 1998).” It was the first and only nation to endure the atomic bomb twice. During this paper we will look at the rise and fall of the Japanese Empire. What kind of Government ran this nation? Was their economy a strong or weak economy at the start of the war and how did the war affect it? How did their military operate? The Empire of Japan’s government was a parliamentary constitutional monarchy. To better understand the dynamics of the Government during WW2 you have to travel back to the Meiji Restoration in 1868. “The Meiji Restoration was the political revolution that brought about the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate (a feudal military government which existed between 1603 and 1868) and returned control of the country to direct imperial rule under the emperor Meiji (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2009).” Although, at the start of the Second World War the emperor did not have complete control of the government. The Emperor was the supreme ruler and head of state but the prime minister was the actual head of government. The Emperor was worshipped like a god similar to the Pharos of Egypt during ancient times. “Emperor Hirohito was the emperor from...
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...‘By 1974 Britain had been reduced to a ‘North Atlantic Nobody’’ Discuss. (45 marks) From 1951 to 1974, Britain’s world power had dwindled, its empire a fraction of it’s pre-WW2 size. However, to suggest that Britain was a ‘North Atlantic nobody’ would be incorrect. It’s power had decreased but it was still considered a world power with influence. Military operations and diplomatic relations along with economic standing are factors in reasoning whether or not Britain was reduced to a ‘North Atlantic nobody’. Britain’s military size and military actions in this period could support the argument of it being a ‘North Atlantic nobody’. The most prominent of military failures during this time was the Suez crisis of 1956. Britain was forced to withdraw from Suez due to pressures from the US and the UN resolution passed against Britain. Other attempts at military independence failed miserably, such as the Blue Streak missile program in 1960. Blue Streak was developed as an independent missile system for the UK and millions were spent on it. However, Blue Streak was a failure, and the British government was forced to be reliant on the American missile system, Polaris. Along the same lines, during the Cold War between the USA and the USSR missiles were kept in the UK by the US, similar to the USSR’s use of Cuba. This once again shows the lack of independence from the US – any attempts to make actions without pre-approval from the US were utter failures. When the UK and the US joined...
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...Conservatives one nation principles Conservatives after Macmillan haven't supported the growth of trade unions, citing Margaret Thatcher and the crushing of the Skargill strikes in 1984 is the best example that the modern Conservative party has not supported this aspect of one nation. They didn’t support it because strikes are genuinely unpopular, even if one supports the message behind the strike you are still not going to like the inconvenience it causes furthermore the Conservatives are funded by individuals and business and not by unions so it would be politically damaging to support increased union power. it could be argued that Thatcher didn't support Mixed Economy at all, as a neo-liberal she advocated the power of the free market and advocated privatisation something that continued with her successor, John Major e.g. Nationalisation of British Rail in 1994. However the current banking crisis and the admission of the Tories that nationalising banks was the right thing to do may indicate a certain support for a mixed economy at times. After WW2, an empire was simply not feasible, however the Conservatives have supported the maintenance of a certain number of colonies hence the reason we went to war over the Falklands in 1982. Reason? National outcry at Argentinian aggression, traditional sentiment over the empire days. I would argue that apart from Macmillan's drive to reluctantly support High Public Spending, his successors have all been against this, advocating...
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...“The real cause of the Cold War between the two superpowers after 1945 was due to ideology differences between the two sides” Ideology differences were a major factor in causing the Cold War, however, many other issues did have a part to play. For example, Stalin’s paranoia in the insurance of the protection of the USSR and Truman’s need to stamp out communism led to the creation of COMINFORM and COMECON by Stalin and the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan by Truman in 1947. Both countries did not trust each other and disagreed over many things. The big disagreements surfaced from ideology differences. The two countries could not have been more different! America was a Democratic country, where the government was chosen by free democratic elections; whereas, Russia was a Communist state, where it has a one-party dictatorship. The USSR did have elections, but only communist candidates participated. In America business and property where privately owned; this meant that any profit making was encouraged to benefit one self and therefore the economy. There was a clear divide in the country’s wealth. In the USSR profit making was still encouraged, however all money went into the state; there was a general class of living with very few cases of poverty. The Americans were glad to be free from the government while the US Constitution made everyone equal. Communists were tightly controlled with their rights being valued as less important than the state. Both countries believed that...
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...and Thatcher meddled unnecessarily and indeed harmfully, it is more accurate to take a balanced and differential approach. There is clear evidence of British economic decline from 1951-1990, but to claim that it was utter decline is really a pessimistic front. Reasons to disagree: - Period from 1951 to 1973 saw an “age of affluence”, with a genuine post-war boom; Britain’s economy grew around 40% during 1951 to 1964 - Living standards rose steadily until 1973, with low unemployment rates; with a wider sense that Britain was becoming more prosperous and equal. Harold Macmillan captured this in 1957, when he declared that “Britain had never had it so good”; it also highlighted increased consumerism due to greater accessibility to consumer goods throughout the era - Arguments of “relative decline” are unfair and misleading; nations such as Japan and Germany were utterly destroyed after WW2, so it only makes sense for their nations to advance rapidly as they could start from scratch - Arguments of a lack of policy and initiative are misleading. Macmillan tried to gain some coherence by setting up the national economic development council (NEDC). Wilson also set up the department for economic affairs (DEA) that launched an ambitious national economic plan. Heath also was a strong technocrat and had clear policies of an economy based on the “social market”, claims that he was a “proto-Thatcherite” are simply wrong - Thatcher, for all her...
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...LAIKIPIA UNIVERSITY (MAIN CAMPUS) FACAULTY: Humanities and developmental studies. DEPARTMENT: Public Affair and Environmental studies. COURSE TITLE: Technology, War and Peace. COURSE CODE: PEED 413 INSTRUCTOR: MR FREDRICK ODONDE PRESENTER: SALLY NTURANGI MBIYAIYU TASK: Discuss the technological advancement after WW2 and its implication on world peace and security. Submission Date: 5th march, 2015 INTRODUCTION The science of fifties gave as the most awful weapon ever developed. While the ultimate aim of any research was to find better ways of destroying the enemy during the World Wars, post-war lots of inventions were just as effective at improving lives. Military scientific research and technology advancement during World War 2 and post-war period brought advances that directly affected the daily lives of people across the globe, in medicine and electronics cutting across to deadly weapons as H-bombs. Innovation that came to fruition in the fifties offered mankind tremendous benefit improving life in all spheres of life. These inventions however did contribute to both positively and negatively. The atomic bomb race put humanity at stake since the world could be wiped within a day if any war could escalate which could be catalyzed by sophisticated modes of transport and means of communication like telephones and computers. On the other hand, life standard improved as military research led to invention of many electronics....
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...To what extent were rival ideologies responsible for the breakdown of the relationship between the two superpowers between 1945 and 1949? It was the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan that really split Europe and made the concept of an Iron Curtain permanent during 1947/8. It was the final breakdown of the Allied cooperation over Germany that led to tensions and permanent divisions in the centre of Europe in 1948/9 as witnessed by the Berlin blockade and Allied airlift. It was the explosion of the Soviet atom bomb and American membership of NATO that created a bi-polar nuclear world during and after 1949. rival ideologies Under President Woodrow Wilson the US had committed itself to liberal internationalism, which promoted democracy and the free enterprise system, while the communist emphasis was upon a world wide class revolution to bring about the socialist future. These conflicting views were less important in the 1920s and 1930s because the Soviet Union was a weak military power and the main threat seemed to come from the right wing ideology of Fascism. However the defeat of these powers by 1945 reopened the ideological sense of difference between the Americans and Russians. hard line anti-Russian views became more influential in Washington by 1945 and George Kennan’s famous “Long Telegram” in 1946 also reinforced the idea that the communists were ideologically hostile to US interests and needed to be contained. Although...
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...on October 18 1919 and died at September 28 2000. Pierre Trudeau’s father was French immigrant he worked as a businessman and a lawyer and grace Elliot her mother, she was a half French and Scottish. Treadeau has a older sister and a younger brother. However, Pierre Trudeau got his degree at the Montreal university in 1943, never the less during his study he had to go to the Canadian arm forces as a duty of country on the other hand, Trudeau quoted that he was willing to fight in WW2, but he believed that he will turn his back to the Quebec about Mackenzie rule. After the World War Trudeau had a master degree in political economy at Harvard University. He even continued his studies and he got the PH.D at the London school economic. Pierre Trudeau made the liberals win the election of 1968 and he was the P.M of Canada....
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...right to vote? Or were there specific women who issued a campaign? 6. Names, photos and basic facts of the people involved in the campaign. 7. Bibliography Be prepared to present this information to the rest of the class on:______________. The right to vote for women in Singapore! Birth of Singapore: Singapore was founded in 1863 by Sir Stamford Raffles. It was a colony of the British Empire that existed from 1943 to 1963 when it became part of Malaysia. It was made a separate Crown colony of Britain in 1946, when the former colonies of the Straits Settlements were dissolved. Economy Situation in WW2: The economy of Singapore had hit a major blow in 1946 as there were shortages of food (especially rice) that led to malnutrition, diseases and rampant crimes and violence. This led well into 1947 as workers went onto a series of strikes causing massive stoppages in public services and transport. By the late 1947, the economy had begun to recover due to the growing demand of rubber and tin around the world. But it took several more years before the economy was back to pre-war levels. Political activist and campaigner for women’s rights: Chan Choy Siong was a campaigner for...
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...Introduction The period between 1870 and 1913 has often been referred to as Mach-1, in reference to the speed of economic growth that it presented. This was a period of peace especially when its compared to what came soon after. Under the Hegemonic leadership of Great Britain, Trade and the movement of people with and within Europe grew at rates that were then unprecedented. All these gains crumbled just before the start of the Great War of 1914. For the next thirty years attempts were made to bring the world economy to its glory years without any success. At this point, nation states had retreated back to protectionism and a wave of national identity and anger of one state against another was sweeping across Europe. State debts, the just ended war, Fascism, Nazism and other various anti-International economic policies and philosophies made it difficult for cooperation amongst states. Cooperation and success was not realized until another undisputed economic power (United sates of America) rose to the occasion in the summer of 1944, to plan and re-arrange the post war economic order. If we were to follow the same naming style as the above mentioned, then this period would in turn be termed Mach-2. Once again the world united under a new Hegemonic leadership. Just as in the previous hegemon, Markets began to recover the good practices of the classical economic system were adopted and the lessons learnt in the thirty years of economic turmoil since the first world war were also...
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...overdrive and attempt to gain the upper hand in some way. Whether it is through technological advances, new weapons, or supplies. After any war has ended, there continues to be some impact, such as new borders, technologies, consequences for the losing side, and the rise of a new leader. World War 1 impacted the world in various ways, such as new technology, weapons, and economical and political problems. During the first war, a new type of weapon that is still used today was first introduced. The first tank to be introduced was the British Mark I, which was designed in 1915 (Mental Floss). The British Mark I intended to cross no man’s land and avoid being shredded by the power of the machines guns from the opposing side. These new armored vehicles proved successful and were improved and used more frequently throughout history. Another form of technology and weapon in the first World War was called the interrupter gear. The interrupter gear was used during air combat and allowed machine guns to be fired without the damaging the aircrafts propeller. This invention allowed for the pilots to fire between the blades of a spinning propeller (Mental Floss). These inventions were later updated or improved upon and used in future wars. The final outcome of the first World War was the defeat of Germany. This would in turn impact the world once again years later. After the defeat of Germany, the allies, consisting Britain, France, Russia, Italy and the United States, blamed Germany for the causing...
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