...The Research Problem, Purpose and Question Definition of a Research Problem A situation in need of a solution, improvement, or alteration; or a discrepancy between the way things are and the way they ought to be. Sources of Research Problems Nursing Practice Researcher and Peer Interaction Literature Review Theory Research Priorities Example of a Research Problem “Current policy at most hospitals requires the use of routine flushing of heparin locks after administration of medication or flushing heparin locks every 8 hours when not being used for medication administration. However, there is disagreement on whether flushes of low doses of heparin are necessary to maintain the patency of heparin locks. Heparin is known to be incompatible with many drugs. The interaction potential of heparin is said to be avoided by flushing the lock with normal saline injection before and after administration of the medication…Saline flush is a safe, time-saving procedure for nursing staff to perform. Additionally, the use of normal saline would save the cost of a heparin flush.” Definition of Research Purpose A purpose is a concise , clear statement of the specific goal or aim of the study. The purpose includes the variables, population, and setting for a study. Examples of a Research Purpose “The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of normal saline versus normal saline containing 10 U/mL of...
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...SEALANT COSTS Sir, I was interested to read the practice paper by Dr Bonetti on Evidence not practised: The underutilisation of preventive fissure sealants.1 In the recently published clinical guideline by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN),2 it has been suggested that resin-based PFSs should be applied to the permanent molars of all children as early after eruption as possible. In other words, applications should usually take place between the ages of 6-7 years for first permanent molars and 11-12 years for second permanent molars. In 2012/13, approximately 30% of primary 7 children (mean age 11.5 years) in Scotland received PFSs.3 In Scotland, the current cost of application of PFS to unfilled permanent molar teeth within two years of their eruption is £8.15 per tooth.4 To increase the uptake of PFSs in first permanent molars from 30% to 60% in Scottish children aged 6-7 years, SIGN estimated that the incremental cost would be over £1 million. Similarly, over £1 million would be required to double the uptake of PFSs in second permanent molars in Scottish children aged 11-12 years.2 It was not possible to segregate visits incorporating treatment with visits representing routine examinations in the above estimated costs; therefore, the total cost of service provision in Scotland may have been underestimated. However, potential savings from restorations avoided are also excluded.2 Implementation of the SIGN guideline is the responsibility of each NHS board...
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...DH2151 Dr.Thomas Hogan Assignment # 2 Preschool presentation Teeth brushing Due November16, 2015 Student Name: Rasha Saleh Student Number: 60052920 Name | Maysaa Adas, Rasha Salih, and Elham Saleh | Course | DH2151 Community Oral Health | Date | November 16, 2015 | Title | OBJECTIVE- DH Assignment # 2Age specific OHI | Duration | 30 mins | | Time | | Bridge-in | 2minute | SET UP QUESTION TO BREAK THE ICEHow many of you brush your teeth? | Lesson Objective (ABCD) | | A. Sugar bugs and what they do to our teeth, difference between happy and sad tooth B. Distinguish between good and bad food, eating healthy foods helps teeth stay healthy C. Correct way of brushing teeth | Pre-assessment | 2mins | Have you ever heard about sugar bugs? | Resources | Participatory Learning | | Instructor and Learner Activities | Resources | | 3 mins3 mins | Objective # 1 – Happy and sad tooth models * Sugar bugObjective # 2 – Good and bad food examples Show illustration or plastic models of nutritious foods and bad food.(exaple: Apples, Banana, Chocolate, Candy, Lollipop) | Hat modelsFood modelsInside hatsBrushing Song | | 5 mins 3 mins90 secs | Objective # 3 – Children use tooth model and toothbrushes to demonstrate the correct way of brushing.“How to brush” hands-on classroom demonstration - DHVideo “Tooth Brushing Nursery Rhymes and Songs for 3 to 5 Year Old Children”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6z1Bll2VF0s | ChildrenDHvideo | ...
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...Introduction Of the Company: Cottle Taylor Philadelphia based Cottle was founded in 1815 as a hand-soap manufacturer, which by the year 2009 was catering to three consumer-product categories: Oral care, Personal Care and Home Care. Faced with declining U.S revenues, Cottle had looked to emerging markets to offset domestic losses thus adopting geographic expansion, sales of high margin products and new-product development as key drivers and extending its operations to North America, Europe, Latin America, Asia and Africa. The company believed that hiring local talent is critical to maximizing international sales and driving country specific innovation. The company’s US headquarters relied on strategic advice and research on the Indian Market. In the Indian market which is the area of focus in this case, operations was conducted through a subsidiary- Cottle India and focused on manufacturing toothpaste, toothbrush and toothpowder. Issues / problems People in India are not very concerned with oral hygiene. Cottle has been working on informing and educating the Indian culture on the importance of oral care. Cottle wants to expand to new product development but the Indian culture has not fully adapted to the use of low-end and mid-range toothbrushes. They live on less than $2 a day and have low discretionary spending. The population in India has grown but so has poverty. Cottle faces a tough market with very low spending capacity. Overall penetration of...
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...Windshield Survey Bay Ridge is an interesting neighborhood with quiet residential areas, plenty of recreational activities, shops, and restaurants. The homes in Bay Ridge cover a wide spectrum of styles and prices. The housing here is mostly made up of single family homes on tree-lined streets, but there are also a lot of co-ops and some apartments. It's very safe; the neighbors in Bay Ridge are friendly and look out for each other. The population is mainly Italian, Greek, and Irish, but there are a good number of Arabic speaking residents as well. It also has a huge elderly population because this is a town where people stay their whole lives. There is no shortage of things to do with lots of restaurants that serve ethnic foods, nice parks, and a lovely pier where people fish. Most of the action takes place on 86th street, and there are more than one hundred bars in this town. While there are subway stations and an express bus in Bay Ridge, the commute to Manhattan is lengthy. Drivers have easy access to major highways, but parking can be challenging. Most people, especially the senior will walk to their destination. The lack of parking adds to the problem. It does not make sense to move the car when there is no parking available. Some houses have created their own parking spaces by making a space in the front yard Upon walking down 86th street, the street is lined with every kind of store you would expect to find in a mall in suburban America: Century 21, McDonald's, 86...
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...Devastating Water Shortage in California COMM/215 Essentials of College Writing 9/1/2014 Devastating Water Shortage in California Imagine lush green grass everywhere, trees full of life, birds singing, butterflies dancing, lovely flowers blooming year round, surfers headed to the beach to catch a wave, and the smell of fresh cut grass. Doesn’t this paint a perfect place? This is the view when you drive around Southern California. However, California is experiencing the biggest water drought in California's history contributing to severe water shortage. You surely wouldn't know this is happening if you came for a visit. It is time for the residents of California to take off their rose-colored glasses and see the seriousness of the water shortage. They need to educate themselves on how to conserve water and learn to apply some of the techniques into their daily lives. It is estimated that California residents will run out of water within the next twelve to eighteen months if no one takes action right now. California is in the third year of this devastating water drought, and there seems to be no weather related relief in sight. There are many time-consuming and costly solutions to fix this ongoing water shortage, but these solutions will take years. Building a new aqueduct, accessing new water resources, and converting saltwater to usable water will make an impact and help the water shortage further down the road. Farmlands...
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...Do your kids play with water? do you play wuth water? then you must and your kids most not know to conserve water. Conserving water water is easy to help to help the environment we live in. It helps us because it gives us save alot of money and it also helps us save the world. Saving water is so important. Without water humans can not live, without water plant and animal cannot live.Water is known as the saviar of life ( McBride). Water is the most important everything in this world. Without water we wouldnt even exist, and the planet will not exist. Humans, aniamals and planets can connot survive without without it ( Santa). We depend on fresh water, everything we do requares water. We use it for cooking, drinking, cleaning, yardlands, washing our clothes, and all kinds of things. How would the world be without water? Water is is very important to these planet and we need it to survive. As you can see that 72 percent of Earth is covered in water, but 97 percent of that water is salty ocean water and is not good for drinking (Pete). Is the salt water that can only be comsumed by only humans and other species, after undergoing desalinations, that is not a good process. Meaning people need to start using less water and save as much water as they can. In Africa, water is limited due to the contamination. It seems like we have alot of water so that is why some of us waste it. Only 1 percent of the earth's water is available for drinking water. Two percent is frozen...
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...paper • 37 gallons of water per cup of coffee • 11 gallons of water per slice of bread • 32 gallons of water per glass of wine • 1,083 gallons of water for one cotton shirt • 468 gallons of water per pound • 616 gallons of water per 4 oz. hamburger • 1,232 gallons of water per 8 oz. steak • 39,090 gallons of water are used to manufacture a new car, including tires How Much Water Do We use? • Taking a bath or shower: average is 9-12 gallons per person • Americans combined use each day for showers: more than 2.7 billion gallons of water • Watering the lawn:180 gallons • Washing dishes by machine: 13-19 gallons • Washing clothes: 35-50 gallons • Washing the car: 50 gallons • Brushing your teeth: 2-5 gallons • Cooking: 5-10 gallons • Flushing the toilet (once): 4-7 gallons • Leaking toilet (per day): 60 gallons Water Facts There is the same amount of water in the world today, as there was when the earth was formed, actually it's the same water. The water that comes out of your faucet today could have been part of a glacier that carved the face of the earth years and years ago. Possibly it could have been part of the oceans when the Vikings set sail to explore the New World. Water is the only substance naturally found in all three states on earth (solid, liquid, and vapor). Nearly 70% of the Earth's surface is covered by water but less that...
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...Cellulite is not restricted to fat people. Even lean people can suffer from it. Losing cellulite is more difficult than losing fat. Cellulite is the swelling of the fat cells, which then appear as bumps on the body, causing what is known as the 'dimpling effect', or the 'orange peel effect', because the cellulite affected area resembles an orange peel. In the following paragraphs we will find out the exact nature of cellulite and how it is formed. Once that is clear, it will be easier to understand how to get rid of it. Appearance of Cellulite on the Skin The skin is made up of many different layers, called 'dermis'. The fat cells that are under the skin are connected to the skin with the help of a layer called 'septa', which is fibrous in nature. This layer forms a wall between the fat cells and the skin. But when this layer beaks down, the fat cells which expand, do so directly against the skin, so that there is no layer between the two. Due to this the skin develops pits and valleys, and resembles an orange peel, or cottage cheese, or has a dimpled appearance. The appearance of cellulite is different in men and women, but the difference is not very significant. Causes of Cellulite The causes of cellulite in men and women differ. In women, the hormonal changes during menstruation, menopause, pregnancy, etc., which regulate the flow of blood, lymphatic drainage and fat, are mainly responsible for the formation of cellulite. Birth control pills, also cause a change in...
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...to see if it's still clogged or not. If it still doesn't flush correctly, repeat steps 1 to 4 until your toilet flushes freely. What should I remember when using a sewer snake? You'll most likely have to deal with dirty water (among other gross things) when using a sewer snake. If the blockage is caused by a toy, toothbrush, or any other solid object, you may also have to touch it to remove it from your drain or toilet. Because of these, you have to make several preparations to protect yourself from contamination. Before removing the clog, put on rubber gloves (to safeguard your hands) and a pair of goggles (to protect your eyes from splashes of dirty water). If you have long hair, make sure to tie it back so you won't have to keep on brushing it away from your eyes. Don't forget to wear work clothes so you can move around freely and you won't ruin a good outfit with dirty water. If you don't yet have a cable or closet auger at home, just make a quick run to the local hardware store to buy one. If you're planning to rent an electric-powered auger, ask the rental agent to demonstrate how to use it properly. Don't hesitate to ask any questions you may have in...
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...Home About Education Activism Recycling Energy Water Donate Contact EDUCATION * College Directory * Videos * Green Tips Did You Know? LED lights consume roughly 10% of the power consumed by incandescent lamps. NREL RELATED * Education Links * Other Interesting Links 10 Easy Ways To Be Green 1. Reduce Just by turning off the tap while brushing your teeth or shaving, you can save more than 200 gallons of water per month. Here are some other effective ways you can help to conserve resources … * Turn off the lights when leaving a room. * Use both sides of the paper when printing and copying. * Walk or bike instead of driving. * Take short showers. * Drink tap water instead of bottled water. * Remove unnecessary items from your car to reduce weight. * Regularly replace the filter on your HVAC system. * Install faucet aerators.l * Use cold water to wash clothes. * Stop junk mail. * Install a programmable thermostat in your home. (Source: U.S. EPA) 2. Unplug Unused Electronics Did you know that a cell phone charger can still consume electricity even when a phone isn't connected to it? In the average home, 25% of the electricity used to power home electronics is consumed while the products are turned off. To stop these "phantom loads" when devices are not in use, unplug them or connect them to power strips, which can then be turned off. (Source: U.S.DOE) 3. Recycle By recycling materials such as aluminum cans...
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...Water-Wise Water-Wise Water Situation In SA Due to ongoing drought, climate change and an increasing population, many state governments have imposed regulations on water usage within the home and business. These can include restrictions on watering garden beds and lawns, hosing driveways, cleaning vehicles, filling swimming pools and using sprinkler systems. My Family My family consists of my mother and father, my 28 year old brother and myself, Our household is always full of life, as we are all home 24/7 except the occasional moment when my brother or myself will go to a friend’s place or go out. My father is always home and my mother goes to my Nanna's house every day. We always try and conserve as much water as possible each day like timing our showers and making sure we keep the shower under a 6 minute period. We also had a man come around and install Shower Saving Heads for free, in exchange for our old shower heads. Also we always turn on the dishwasher only if there is a full load, exactly the same with the washing machine we only use it when there is a full load. We also have a filter of fresh water inside the fridge so that we are not using the tap for drinking water all the time. We also have a kettle and we only fill it up once a day, so that it is always full and we are not constantly filling it up all day. My Findings- How can we save more water? We always do our best to conserve water but sometimes we use the dishwasher when it is only a half...
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...Introduction Water pollution can come from a number of different sources. Many solids, liquids and gaseous substances can cause pollution if they enter the water environment. Common pollutants include chemicals, oil and waste products. Even substances such as milk, which pose no risk to human health, can cause serious harm to the water environment. You must have authorisation if you discharge anything other than clean, uncontaminated water to surface waters or groundwater. Surface waters include rivers, reservoirs and canals, and make up a small percentage of fresh water reserves. Groundwater is all water below the water table. Groundwater makes up the largest available reserve of fresh water. This guide outlines the main causes of water pollution, and when businesses need to apply for surface water or groundwater authorisations. It also describes how to prevent pollution incidents and gives tips on how to store and handle materials responsibly. How can one go about spelling the importance of water in our lives? When we look around and see how water pollution threatens to destroy the Earth, what is our reaction to it? Indifference, perhaps? It is due to this indifference that the world as we know it will soon end. Through a long-drawn, really slow process of torment and torture. It's not just water pollution that spells danger for us, but since water is one of the most crucial resources, without which the very survival of all life on earth will cease to exist, it becomes...
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...representative of the country or city，It is the performance of the historical heritage of a country or city, the best representatives of the cultural enrichment. The location of the Grand Rapids museum is a very smart place， situated in the center of the city downtown, next to Central Park, and convenient transportation. Every day there are vehicles coming and going through here, where most places, there are many people gathered in the park, this park as an oasis in the high-rise buildings into the same role, while the art museum is a Inn next to the oasis. The park and the art Museum become a financial landscape. External This museum’s architectural style is kind of modern building and irregular geometry shape. Three pillars support the top brushing of the museum at the front of the door, pick the top is very long, a good depth of space, people's visual concentration and the door. These three pillars unlike normal columns, they are very thin, and wanted to three walls. The use of such pillars of the facade of the museum is simple atmospheric. Columns in the building construction is a very important role it plays to support the roof, forming the role of the facade, columns often become the visual focus of the facade. Use this column not only played a supporting role, also played a beautiful role. Modern architecture in the form of free, simple shapes, focus on functional, economic rationality, there is no decoration or a small amount of decorative...
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...Behavioral Intentions: Conserving Water MKG 310 Consumer Behaviors Professor John Vann Introduction to Water Conservation Today, 70% of the Earth's surface is covered by water. Only 2% of that water is fresh. Of that 2%, 1.6% of fresh water is trapped in the glaciers, leaving only .4% available for the 7 billion people living on this planet. Since the beginning of time, humans have been dealing with limited resources, water being one of them, and have learned how to use them wisely (Saving the Water, 2015). Water is an extremely scarce resource. With the population growing and water supply remaining stagnant, it is clear that something needs to be done. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, the term water conservation refers to the preservation, control and development of water resources, both surface and groundwater, and prevention of pollution (Glossary of Statistical Terms, 2001). Today, people have been taking the world’s limited water supply for granted which has led to the depletion of conserving it. Water conservation is an important concept that is being stressed upon younger generations. In order to show the importance of saving water, it is imperative that the youth are educated on behavioral practices that support water conservation. These behaviors involve changing current habits connected to water usage to promote efficiency. Behavioral change is inconvenient for many which is why water conservation has been at a standstill...
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