...The Effect of Campaign Finnacne on Democracy Daniel Sykes Student ID 250719824 Every election cycle, huge sums of money are spent in the promotion for campaigns to elect or re-elect candidates for public office. These contributions play a vital role in the success of election campaigns. Sources of campaign donations range from big businesses and trade unions to PACs (political action committees) such as the NRA. These groups donate to candidates in the assumption and hopes that the candidate will pursue a discourse and perhaps implement legislation that benefits the donating group. When we refer to “campaign finance”, we are of course referring to funds that are used to promote and advertise, hire advisers, pay for travel expenses, administration fees and other costs associated with running a campaign. The Presidential Election of 2008 generated one billion US dollars in campaign contributions and finance1, with this figure on the rise, many have spoken out against the propensity of election victories to be seemingly “bought” by the party who generated the most funds2. In this essay I will be discussing whether or not big money in campaign finance is a threat to democracy. It is important to consider the history of campaign finance reform and how it evolved over time, for this gives us a better perspective when reviewing our modern situation to see if democracy has lost its way. Before the 19th century, the majority...
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...IS CAMPAIGN FINIANCE RESTRICTION FAIL OF RIGHTS? INTRODUCTION Campaign finance reform has not managed either to promote political equality or prevent corruption. Even worse, in order to enhance the relative voice of others, the government decides to set donation limitation—restrict the speech of some elements. It is nothing else but to sacrifice people’s right to pursue an alleged political equality and preventing corruption, thus, it raises an ethical problem that restriction on campaign finance is fail of right. When looking into literatures of campaign finance reform, the debate of rights often based on the free speech protected by the First Amendment. People neglected that the free express of political petition is also a basic right acknowledged by the Universal Declaration of Human rights. Thus, I will examine this argument in the article from a broad to narrow scope. This article will analyze the campaign finance regulation’s failure from a right perspective. The article will demonstrate that some moral theorists divide rights into positive and negative categories which create distinctive correlative duties. This article will argue that the present restriction is actually infringe people’s rights and goes against with Universal Declaration of Human rights and the First Amendment. Moreover, the compel disclosure of donor’s information violates people’ s right to privacy, thus, such an act by government may be over regulated. Part 1 of this article will introduce...
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...Introduction The slow evolution of federal campaign finance regulations, beginning with the Tillman Act in 1907, undercuts dramatic proclamations that Citizens United indicates a privileged where corporate interests trump the public interest and politicians do the will of the highest bidder. Corporations in the early twentieth century not only faced scattered and weak enforcement of the Tillman Act's contribution ban and thus no great deterrent to violating the ban, but also exploited glaring legal loopholes that allowed them to bankroll their favored campaigns with relative ease. Even after the enactment of independent corporate expenditure restrictions, corporations faced minimal barriers to political spending on television or in other national media. Until the FEC's creation in 1974, the ban on independent corporate spending on elections was not rigorously enforced. The relevant time frame for evaluating the decision's practical consequences is, at the very longest, the period after Congress substantially amended FECA in 1974. Campaign contributions as emphasized here discusses the ways in which contributions are made to influence new or incumbent candidates to support a particular agenda based on factors that impact the candidate personally, such as the raising of significant funds to help a candidate be re-elected, or environmental issues to even social issues are of concern. Since the last decade, millions upon millions of dollars have been spent in state judicial...
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...How Campaign Finance Affects Electoral Outcomes (Name) (Subject) (Nature of Work) I. Introduction An electoral candidate can win an election if he has plenty of campaign finances. This seems to be the common wisdom that people believe in when it comes to the electoral success of candidates. However, such a statement is not easily verifiable. In fact, there are several factors involved in the determination of whether or not there is a correlation between the campaign finances used by candidates and the probability of winning due to these funds. It has been the contention of majority that for a candidate to get a seat or win the presidency, it is important that he spend lavishly. If this is the case, then incumbents, who are generally the ones equipped with the biggest campaign funds, have edge over challengers. It is also an assurance to potential challengers that if they manage to put up campaign funds, whether from contributors or from their own pockets, they are already assured of a win in the elections. With the government structure the United States have, generalizing for all sectors of the government, particularly during the electoral races, will be quite complex. Moreover, though it is very easy to make assumptions, such arguments could start crumbling once empirical studies of various experts on the subject of political science come to light. Factors such as policy decisions, party affiliations, popularity, etc. play a role in the...
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...The Occupy Wall Street of 2011 in Zuccotti Park in New York and the rest of the country and the 15M campaigns in Spain failed to turn public mobilizations into mechanisms in delivering concrete changes partly because the protesters became spectators of their own protests that led into failing to build a hybrid between a social movement and a political party that does not have leaders, but has spokespeople and an organizational structure that lasts more than few months. The candidacies and policies of real progressives like Sen. Bernie Sanders, Sen. Elizabeth Warren, Congresswoman Donna F. Edwards (Maryland) and Mayor Bill de Blasio and the 72 members of the Congressional Progressive Caucus could provide the best hope for permanent hybrid political...
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...Case Analysis Report: ELEKTRA PRODUCTS, INC. Define the Problem in the Case Elektra Products Inc. is an established company that has historically done well until recently, when a host of problems ranging from outside competition to company moral became apparent. It would be nice to know more information concerning the extent of the company’s problems, but since they are not talked about in detail, this case study will assume that they are moderately severe since people are actively seeking other employment. In an effort to revive the company, the new CEO, Martin Griffin, introduced a new empowerment campaign to improve performance. Top management then selected managers to lead problem-solving teams to work on new ideas. Even though the idea was good there were still against the change and considered the empowerment campaign as corporate waste such as Simon. Barbara Russel, the manufacturing Vice President, was enthusiastic about the empowerment campaign. Together with her team they made and provided new propositions and shared them with the management. The new CEO showed enthusiasm. But, the other department heads brought lot of questions and speculations about the new propositions right after the CEO left the meeting. This is the list of propositions made by Barbara’s team and Objections from Department Heads: PROPOSITIONS OBJECTIONS Allow salespeople to refund up to $500 worth of merchandise on the spot. Finance: This would create a gold mine for unethical customers...
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... Registered office: Hills Road 1 Cambridge CB1 2EU. OCR is an exempt charity. Contents Introducing… AS Level History A (from September 2015) Teaching and learning resources iv Why choose an OCR AS Level in History A? 1 1a. Why choose an OCR qualification? 1 1b. Why choose an OCR AS Level in History A? 2 1c. What are the key features of this specification? 3 1d. 2 iii Professional Development 1 ii How do I find out more information? 3 4 2a. Overview of AS Level in History A (H105) 4 2b. Content of AS Level in History A (H105) 5 2c. Content of unit group 1: British period study and enquiry (Units Y131 to Y143) 8 2c. Content of unit group 2: Non-British period study (Units Y231 to Y254) 33 2d. 3 The specification overview Prior learning and progression 60 61 3a. Forms of assessment 61 3b. Assessment objectives (AOs) 61 3c. Assessment availability 62 3d. Retaking the qualification 62 3e. Assessment of extended response 62 3f....
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...Understanding China’s Political System The Chinese Communist Party (CCP or Party) has been in power in China for more than six decades, a record of longevity that rivals and could one day surpass that of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.2 The CCP assumed power in 1949 by means of a civil war victory over the forces of Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalists, who moved the seat of their Republic of China government to the island of Taiwan. The Communists named their new regime the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Although the CCP has been continually in power since, China’s political institutions and political culture have evolved significantly over those decades, with the CCP’s willingness to adapt helping to explain why it has, so far at least, avoided the fate of its sister parties in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Today, although the Party is committed to maintaining a permanent monopoly on power and is intolerant of those who question its right to rule, analysts consider the political system to be neither monolithic nor rigidly hierarchical. Jockeying among leaders and institutions representing different sets of interests is common at every level of the system. Sometimes fierce competition exists among the members of the Communist Party’s nine-man Politburo Standing Committee and 25-member Politburo, China’s highest decision-making bodies. It also exists among ministries; between ministries and provincial governments, which are equals in bureaucratic...
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...ACORN Fraud Case Anish Tamrakar Regis University MBAA-619 March 02, 2013 Dr. Steve Green Association of Community Organization for Reform Now In the twenty-first century there are around more than 1.5 million non-for-profit organizations in the United States. We cannot even imagine how many there are in this entire world, but their main purpose is to serve the public by using their revenues profits rather than distributing it to their owners or investors. The nonprofit sector is a collection of entities that are organizations; private as opposed to governmental; non-profit distributing; self-governing; voluntary; and of public benefit(Salamon, 1999). There are still many good people in this world who come together when some disastrous event occurs or they want to do something good for the needy. However, some people take advantage of such events for their own betterment. This paper will discuss one of the biggest fraud and charity scams that occurred in this world by the Association of Community Organization for Reform Now (ACORN) one of the biggest not-for-profit organization. In addition, this paper will also include some the different fraud measures for the organizations this from happening in the near future. Background The Association of Community Organization for Reform Now (ACORN) was established in 1970 by Wade Rathke when he was sent to Little Rock, Arkansas as a member of National Welfare Rights Organization. The main objective of ACORN is to improve housing...
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...Indonesia’s Fuel Subsidies: Action plan for reform David Braithwaite Alexander Chandra Prasetyaning Diah R. L. Ami Indriyanto Kerryn Lang Lucky Lontoh Nataliawati Siahaan Damon Vis-Dunbar Bobby A. Wattimena Unggung Widhiantoro Peter Wooders NE SI A N I N S TI TU T E F OR E N E RG IN DO I I EE FO U N D AT I O N C O NOM I YE CS March 2012 www.iisd.org/gsi © 2012 The International Institute for Sustainable Development © 2012 The International Institute for Sustainable Development Published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development. About IISD The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) contributes to sustainable development by advancing policy recommendations on international trade and investment, economic policy, climate change and energy, and management of natural and social capital, as well as the enabling role of communication technologies in these areas. We report on international negotiations and disseminate knowledge gained through collaborative projects, resulting in more rigorous research, capacity building in developing countries, better networks spanning the North and the South, and better global connections among researchers, practitioners, citizens and policy-makers. IISD’s vision is better living for all—sustainably; its mission is to champion innovation, enabling societies to live sustainably. IISD is registered as a charitable organization in Canada and has 501(c)(3) status in the United...
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...Compare the political leaders profiled in Susan Lawrence’s article “The New Guard: Five Younger Officials Make Their Way to the Top”. According to Lawrence (1998), the future of China will largely depend on its top leaders. Their priorities, reputations, and ability to get local officials and society at large to support their policies will shape the course of future events. At the vanguard of the group of up-and coming leaders is Hu Jintao, who joined the Communist Party’s most senior body, the seven-man politburo Standing Committee, at the age of 49 in 1992. These new leaders are united in their commitment to ensuring the primacy of the Communist Party and to implementing market-oriented economic reform. Trained as engineers (or, in one case, a geologist), they had reputations as good managers and operated primarily as party bureaucrats. The up-and-comer who has risen highest is Hu, now 55 years old. He was appointed vice-president of the People Republic of China in March. He may take over as party general secretary when Jiang Zemin completes his second term in that position in 2002. He was trained in hydroelectric engineering at the prestigious Qinghua University, and rose to national prominence through the ranks of the Communist Youth League (Lawrence, 1998, p. 570). The brightest of the five young leaders is Li Changchun, 54, the party boss of wealthy Guangdong, the province that borders Hong Kong. Li, an electrical engineer, spent most of his first five decades...
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...Development Final Assignment Endemic Corruption Cases in Indonesia’s Economics Development [pic] International Undergraduate Program Poppy Puspita Rini 1006718624 Statement of Authorship I certify that the attached material is my original work. I declare that no other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement. Except where I have clearly stated that I have used some of material elsewhere, it has not been presented by me, for examination in any other course or unit at this or any other institution. I understand that the work submitted may be reproduced and/or communicated by the University or third party authorized by the University for the purpose of detecting plagiarism. Name : Poppy Puspita Rini Student Register Number : 1006718624 Depok, June 11 2013 Poppy Puspita Rini Introduction Corruption in Indonesia is widespread and costly. Recently, corruption cases become a major on-going economics development sector issue. Indonesia’s Corruption Eradication Commission (Indonesian: Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi) (abbreviated KPK) shows there has been a sharp increase in all enforcement activity, relating to the sector. Political organizations in economic sector continue to face significant corruption risks. How far the current corruption and bribery case in Indonesia’s economic development? • Corruption...
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...UNDERSTANDING REFORM: THE CASE OF ZIMBABWE A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT NETWORK BY Dr.TAKAWIRA MUMVUMA ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE P.O. BOX MP167 MT PLEASANT HARARE Tel 303211 ext 1301 E-mail: mumvuma@sociol.uz.ac.zw or tmumvuma@mdpesa.org Mr. CHARLES MUJAJATI DEPUTY DIRECTOR-ECONOMICS MINISTRY OF FINANCE & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT FISCAL & ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT PRIVATE BAG 7705 CAUSEWAY HARARE E-mail: cmujajat@mweb.co.zw Mr. BERNARD MUFUTE MANAGER: ECONOMIC RESEARCH & POLICY INTERVENTION CONFEDERATION OF ZIMBABWE INDUSTRIES P.O. BOX 3794 HARARE E-mail: bmufute@czi.co.zw 1 CONTENTS LIST 1 Introduction 2 Pre-Reform Policy Regime 3 An Overview of Major Economic Reforms in Zimbabwe 3.1The Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP): 1991-1995 3.1.1 Trade Liberalization 3.1.2 Domestic Deregulation 3.1.3 Financial Sector and Monetary Policy Reform 3.1.4 Fiscal Policy and Tax Reform 3.1.5 Labour Market Reform 3.1.6 Public Enterprise Reform 3.2 Zimbabwe Programme for Economic and Social Transformation (ZIMPREST): 1996-2000 3.3 Millenium Economic Recovery Programme (MERP): 2000-2002 4 An Overview of Major Political Reforms in Zimbabwe 5 The Research Problem 6 Justification of the Study 7 Research Objectives 8 Research Questions 9 Hypotheses 10 The Conceptual Framework 11 Research Methodology 11.1 Data Collection Methods 11.2 Basic Case Study Research Design 11.3 The Sample & Case Selection Method 12 Research Launching Seminars 13 Consultative...
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...help boost efficiency and earnings, says Jody Heymann By Jody Heymann Open Source Software Open Innovation Open Government E-Book Readers All 213 employees at Great Little Box know exactly how profitable the business is. Executives at the Canadian packaging manufacturer discuss the company's finances, production, and sales performance in detail at monthly meetings with staff that ranges from machine operators on the factory floor to senior managers. Such open-book management is tied to the company's profit-sharing strategy: 15 percent of pretax earnings are split equally among everyone at Great Little Box. The company started profit sharing in 1991 because they believed employees would work harder if they felt "they matter and their work matters," says Margaret Meggy, who co-founded the company with her husband and now serves as its human resources chief. She's right. Our research shows that sharing financial information and profits with low-skilled workers helps boost both efficiency and profits. Yet while sharing profits and financial data with top managers is common, it is rare at the bottom of the corporate ladder. Only 1 percent of American companies use open-book finances, according to CFO magazine. At Great Little Box, managers and factory workers alike say the openness motivates everyone to work harder because they want to increase the company's profits—and their own income. And they don't let colleagues slack off because they know that any drop in performance reduces...
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...Environmental management can be viewed from natural, man-made, socio-cultural and supernatural. With the aid of a table discuss management of the aforementioned environment? INTRODUCTION The state of environmental hazard in Nigeria and the world in general is increasing at an alarming rate , thereby leaving scholars with great mind and high cognitive ability to seat and analyse the causes, effect, and control measure of these pressing issue. It is only when the source of an issue is being identified that, one will begin to think about possible solution to such a disturbing act. In the case of environmental hazard the causes has being identified as natural, manmade, socio-cultural, and supernatural environmental hazard. Natural hazard which is mainly caused by natural processes occurring on the earth surface and controlled but natural phenomenon which can be explained and causes understood by scientific methods, while manmade hazard which are set of environmental hazard which is mainly caused by human inhabiting the earth surface, what biologist refers to the effect of anthropogenic activities on the ecosystem. Socio-cultural on the other hand are set of environmental issues that arises from the pattern of cultural life or influence in which citizens of a particular culture exhibit and this has an effect on the environment, while supernatural environmental hazard are menace in the environment which causes cannot be explained using any known scholastic phenomena yet it exist. ...
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