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Caso Eli Lilly

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CASO ELI LILLY

1. Describir la historia, el desarrollo y el crecimiento de la compañía a lo largo del tiempo.
Historia
* Esta compañía, que antes había sufrido debido a una estrategia descuidada, no centrada, y había logrado una sólida recuperación a mediados de la década de los '90s debido a su antidepresivo Prozac altamente exitoso, enfrentaba un periodo de depresión corporativa durante 1998 a 1999.
*A partir de la década de los'80s, combinar fuerzas en contratos, que iban de empresas conjuntas, o alianzas estratégicas, a la forma más extrema de unión, fusiones y adquisiciones, había sido una estrategia común en la industria que se utilizaba para aplicar más fuerza detrás de las costosas actividades de investigación y desarrollo y de la innovación científica.
*Entre 1999 y 2004, además de América del norte se pronosticaba que los mercados que registrarían el crecimiento más rápido en la industria serían el Medio Oriente, el Asia, China incluso (IMS Health, 1999).
*El coronel Eli Lilly, farmacólogo y funcionario de los federalistas en la guerra de Secesión de Estados Unidos, fundó Eli Lilly & Compaña en el año 1876, y la empresa siguió siendo propiedad de la familia hasta 1953.
Desarrollo
*Eli Lilly estaba luchando por mantener los derechos de patente sobre el Prozac, que en el año 2003 vencerían, y estaba involucrada en batallas legales por detener la intromisión de compañías farmacéuticas genéricas en el mercado de los antidepresivos. El Prozac registraba ventas cercanas a los 3 000 millones de dólares, o bien 30% de los ingresos totales de Lilly y la pérdida de los derechos de la patente dañaría de manera severa las utilidades de la empresa.
*En el mes de febrero de 1999, la administración de Lilly se vio obligada a diseñar una estrategia que tenía por objetivo proteger los ingresos futuros en caso que perdieran la patente de Prozac.
*Eli Lilly era una empresa farmacéutica global basada en la investigación, que se concentraba en el desarrollo, la investigación y la mercadotecnia en las siguientes áreas: neurociencia, endocrinología, oncología, padecimientos cardiovasculares, enfermedades infecciosas y atención a la salud de las mujeres.
Crecimiento
*En las décadas de los 50´s y 60´s, se expandió hacia el mercado mundial y a lo largo de los años experimentó con diferentes estrategias de carteras de negocios, incluso la diversificación por medio de la adquisición de Elizabeth Arden (se vendió en 1987) y de IVAC (un fabricante de instrumental médico) en 1977.
*La industria creció de manera asombrosa durante la época de la guerra en respuesta a la demanda por penicilina y medicamentos para combatir las infecciones. Las impresionantes tasas de crecimiento hacia finales de la década de los 90's se vincularon con diversos factores, tanto externos como internos.
2. Identificar las fortalezas y debilidades internas de la empresa.
FORTALEZAS:
*Capacidad de la compañía para aportarle nuevos productos al mercado.
DEBILIDADES:
*La apertura de nuevos mercados y la creciente demanda en países del Tercer Mundo que registraban estándares de vida cada vez más altos, le ofrecían a las empresas farmacéuticas un crecimiento en las ventas sostenidos en todo el mundo.
3. Describir la naturaleza del entorno que circunda a la compañía.
Con un 30 por ciento de sus ingresos en juego, el futuro a corto plazo de Eli Lilly, en parte, estaba en manos del sistema de tribunales de Estados Unidos.
Del mismo modos el resto de las compañías farmacéuticas son industrias reguladas por entidades gubernamentales en lo concerniente a aprobación de medicinas así como prácticas en la industria.
Una de las claves para alcanzar el éxito en aquel entonces era la capacidad para orientar la investigación no sólo hacia el tratamiento terapéutico de las enfermedades sino también hacia medicamentos que mejoraran el estilo de vida.
En lo que respecta a Estados Unidos, se esperaba que a Medicare y Medicaid, los dos programas asistenciales gubernamentales más importantes en servicios de salud, les correspondiera casi una quinta parte de las ventas de medicamentos.
En realidad podían considerarse como parte de la industria de productos de consumo, donde el gasto cuantioso en mercadotecnia resultaba para construir reconocimiento de marca y lealtad del consumidor a fin de conservar la participación de mercado.
Los medicamentos que se vendían en mostradores no estaban sujetos a la característica de los estrictos requerimientos de informes que le exigía la FDA al sector de los medicamentos controlados. Por consiguiente, una clave para lograr el éxito en este sector era la cartera de marcas reconocidas con que contaba la empresa

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