...Using this extract as your starting point, you should: • Explore Doyle’s development of the voice of the child narrator here to convey changes in his attitudes and perspective. • Examine how Paddy’s voice changers as the novel progresses to reveal his developing awareness and maturity and how this relates to his changing circumstances. Towards the beginning of the extract, Doyle uses a simile to show Paddy’s simplistic imagination and comparison to things, “His laugh was a noise he started and stopped like a machine.” These simple similes, as well as “like a dragon” on pg.3, show paddy likes to explain things visually – by using descriptive pictures and images. This may suggest he is too immature to use sophisticated vocabulary and finds explaining things in a more adult way too hard. Furthermore, the use of the word “machine” emphasizes Paddy’s fascination with “boyish” things – football, violence etc. This could also show that Paddy is still interested into violence, loud noises and things associated with machines – suggesting why that particular simile is used, because it involves things Paddy is passionate about. Paddy’s perspective is fairy basic here; he sees things quite obviously and doesn’t look deeper or further. Repetition is used to show Paddy is observant of what people don’t see/realise,” he didn’t know” and “he didn’t know that either”. The repetition shows that Paddy is aware of situations and notices smaller...
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...play is important to the holistic development of the young child. Explain how and why children’s play changes over the first six years of life. Include examples to support your explanation. To begin this essay, I have asked myself ‘what is play?’ The Oxford English Dictionary cites many definitions for the word ‘play’. One can watch a play, play truant, play up, play football, play cards or play an instrument. Child development theorists have published a great many works on play and its impact on child development. Hutt et al (1989) (as quoted in Wood & Attfield (2005)) argued that play is “a jumbo category that encompasses a multiplicity of activities, some of which are conducive to learning, but many of which are not.” Wood & Attfield (2005) wrote that “play involves a wide range of behaviours, have multiple meanings for both children and adults and can be regarded as serious or trivial. It can be highly motivated or just plain messing about”. Moyles (2005) believed play to be “… a process which, in itself, will subsume a range of behaviours, motivations, opportunities, practices, skills and understandings …” For the purposes of this essay, I am focussing on the enjoyable activities which children undertake freely and spontaneously, alone or with their peers which brings pleasure, fulfilment and development. I will endeavour to explain how play is important to the holistic development of the young child and also how and why play changes during the first six years of his/her...
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...Abstract Child development is an ongoing progressive process. The child development process is stages which every child must go through in their growth. It encompasses learning and mastering of abilities like walking, talking, sitting, standing, etc. Children acquire these developmental milestones during periods in their lives as they grow. A child must develop in one area before progressing to another. In development stages, children experience, cognitive development, social and emotional development, language development, and gross motor skills development. Developmental milestones are talents or skills that children obtain through particular moments in time. Children develop these milestones in a chronological order. One skill must be developed before another skill can be learned or mastered. In normal circumstances, a child normally successfully achieves milestones at certain ages and stages in their lives. We all have our milestones past and future, personal and professional, individual and in common. (French 2012) Childhood Development Case Study Babies develop skills such as bonding mechanisms. They begin to recognize voices, imitate sounds. At about 6 months, they sit up alone, babble and begin making sounds. By toddler ages they walk, climb, and begin to repeat words. They begin to interact with other toddlers. As they grow they begin to develop other skills. By the time they are 4 years old, they develop...
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...This interaction leads to the Growth and Development of the child. The increasing of an organ or limb of the baby, in size and weight is Growth. Division of each cell and their growing into thousands in number, or their changing tissues, blood or bone, is part of the process of Development. The primary purpose of studying the growth and development of children is to understand them better. As a teacher or a parent, you, can manage children more effectively if you are aware of how they grow and develop in a systematic manner right from the moment of conception. An orderly pattern is found in the growth of every organ of the body and area of development. Although the development process is continuous, the rate or speed of development varies at different ages of the child. For example, children grow most rapidly during the first three years of life. In their middle childhood, i.e., from 6 - 12 years, their rate of growth is comparatively slow whereas it is accelerated again when they approach adolescence. A knowledge of the trends and patterns of growth and development will enable you to know how children grow and develop; when and what to expect from them, how to guide them in each stage and provide the environment for their optimum development. Let us first understand the meaning of these two important terminologies. ‘Growth’ and ‘Development’ are often used as synonymous terms. But, in fact, growth is different from development. Growth means an increase in size, height...
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...Theories of Development Matt Sellitri Psy-104 Child and Adolescence Development Allen, Craig Sept14th-2009 Thesis In my paper, on child development I will discuss three different points of view on cognitive, physical and emotional development. I will write about the three differences and similarities. I will discuss how they have an impact on the way they help in the development of children. I will explain how important child development is in regards to assisting in a child’s potential. I will show the relationship between the developmental domain and the developmental theory. I will focus on all three domains and how they influence each other. Child development is an ongoing process that goes through many complex changes. Children are in a constant state of change from the moment they are born all the way to being a young adult. They develop many characteristics and personalities such as, quantitative changes, and qualitative changes. They area key component in any childs development. There have been many scientific studies on early child development. Many theorists such as, Charles Darwin have studied and devoted a lot of time to the evolution of human development. Scientists, throughout many years have developed three separate domains. In our text, on page nine, they are listed as follows, physical development, cognitive development, and psychosocial development. Physical development is the growth of the body itself. Such as the brain, sensory...
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...Different Stages of a Child’s Development Nisha S. Sunny Child Development: APSY 203 Professor: Catherine Walker Divorce in the American society is becoming an increasingly common trend as the years go by. Fifty percent of all marriages end in divorce and with each passing year, about 2 million children are brought into a whirlwind filled with changes and chaos after their parent’s separation (Divorce Rate). During this period of turmoil and intense emotion, the child is expected to rebuild numerous aspects of their lives and understand a series of complex events. They are most likely to see the sudden difference in financial stability, new duties around the house and may receive less nurturing from their parents as well. These series of events will lead to a difference in each of Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems, which include, the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and the chronosystem. This ecological systems theory primarily puts the center of attention on the quality of a child’s environment and also focuses on how these complex layers will each effect a child’s development through the divorce period. Many may think that while a child of divorce is in their infant stage, that a divorce will not affect their lives. This is mainly because it is believed that the child will automatically grow into a life where they are used to their parents being separated and not encounter severe changes like other children who deal...
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...The Bioecological Model of Human Development TaShara Smith SOC312 June 6, 2011 Stephanie Heald The way children develop is a very important process that every individual should know. All children develop differently; all children can’t be treated the same when involving their development. To understand the way children and adolescents grow one must know and understand the model of human development. This paper will focus on the Bioecological Model of Human development; the different systems within human development and the difference between each system. The Bioecological Model of Human development recognizes that humans don’t develop in seclusion; but in relation to their family, home, school, community, and society. Urie Bronfenbrenner created the model of human development to help everyone get a better understanding of how the growth of human development begins. The stages of development stem from the famous Piaget, Erikson, and Gardner they are the models in which the cognitive development we have arrives from. There are four basic systems of The Bioecological Model of Human Development. Microsystems is the system which is the smaller of the contexts and the stage in which the information that is heard and seen by infants and early childhood is embedded in them and this is made up of the environment where the child lives and moves. The individuals and societies the child interacts with make up the microsystem. Immediate family members, teachers, friends...
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...Development in the Middle Years Name Institution Development in the Middle Years Middle years’ students are young students towards the end of their primary school. These students range from ten to fifteen years old. These kids are just about to enter puberty and some have however begun to approach adolescence. They have different needs from those who have already hit adolescence. Puberty is a very peculiar age because a lot happens to the students and they become more aware of who they are and many changes affect them. At this age, students have already formed groups and they identify with their friends (Collins, 1984). Their personalities develop and they begin to discover things about themselves. During this stage of development,...
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...Bodies and minds change from early to late adulthood Student’s name Course name and number Instructor’s name Date submitted BODIES AND MINDS CHANGE FROM EARLY TO LATE ADULTHOOD Introduction After human beings are born, they experience many changes both their mind and physical bodies. The changes in the human mind and the physical body are the main reason for the development that humans undergo in their lives. People should be conversant with the changes that take place in their bodies hence be able to cope up other types of changes such as emotional, physical and psychological changes in their development stages. The human development in mind starts right after fertilization and continues up until the person dies. This paper is a study on the development of human mind and the physical growth. A human mind identifies as the cognitive faculties that help people in perception, thinking and effective judgment. Additionally, the human mind is also attributed to the consciousness and memory ability. However, it is true that both the physical and mind development differs between boys and girls where their developments depend more on the gender that one holds. During the development stages, children's bodies tend to develop making them look less like an adult. In the womb, male babies are born with as much as testosterone as a 25-year-old man (Black, 2003). Alter after birth. The testosterone plummets until the boy reaches the age of puberty. The testosterone is responsible...
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...Domains of Human Development Zikria S. Mohammed Oakton Community College Development is a critical part of our life. Many of us grow but do not develop. Definition of development sates that it is a pattern of change that begins at conception and continues throughout the lifespan. Development as a whole is divided into four ages. First age: childhood and adolescence, second stage: prime adulthood age 20-59, third stage: 60-79 years old age, fourth stage: 80 years and older (Santrock, 2013). All of the four periods of development are connected to each other. Development is life-long process and it does not end at early adulthood; rather continues throughout one’s life. Development is multidimensional. Regardless of what ones age might be their body, mind, emotions and relationships are changing and affecting each other (Santrock, 2013). Development is multidirectional and throughout life some dimensions or components of a dimension expand while others shrink in response. For instance, when the language of English is acquired in early development, the capacity for acquiring second and a third language decreases later in development (Santrock, 2013). Development is plastic and changes occur throughout our life. As individuals we possess more capacity to change when we are young as opposed to when we are old (Santrock, 2013). Development is contextual and all of the development occurs in a context or setting. This includes families, school, peer groups, churches, cities, neighborhoods...
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...Lifespan Development and Personality Paper Adolescence, also known as teenage years is a time of dramatic change. Adolescence is a period in one’s life in which major physiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes take place. This phase of life marks a developmental period that follows childhood and comes before adulthood. Adolescence is closely associated with puberty, which is also considered as a developmental milestone, particularly in the western countries. Puberty refers to the period of adolescence when a person becomes capable of reproduction (Carpenter, S. & Huffman, K., 2010). In this paper, I will discuss the various factors that affect the physical, cognitive, social, moral, and personality development of adolescents. Adolescence is a time of rapid physical growth which is illustrated by the drastic growth spurt in the height, weight and skeletal muscles. The actual age may vary but generally occurs somewhere between the ages of 12 through 18. This is a critical stage where a child attempts to become independent, wants to establish their identity and there are noticeable changes in their moods and behavior. During this time in the adolescent’s life, the physical development factors are genetics and nutrition. If the child has genetics that hinder on his or her physical development the child will only develop as his DNA allows. If the child does not have proper nutrition, he or she could be underweight or overweight. This is such a crucial stage for advancement...
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...Child development is the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence. There are (3) developmental domains or, changes from birth to adolescence. One of the three domains or changes are of the physical nature. A child is constantly growing and changing and developing motor skills, learning to crawl, play, or take the first step etc. The physical well-being of the child can depend on the nutritional state of health. However, mental illnesses can slow down the process of a child’s growth or motor skills if the brain is not functioning properly. Aside from the physical change of child development, There is also a cognitive state that must take place. The child must be able to obtain information and experience things as an individual. This will impact awareness of whom they are, and provide memories to shape who they will grow to be, as an adolescence. Another change in development is brought out by the interaction with people and surroundings in a child’s life. This is known as the social- emotional growth stage. With these experiences and the observing of other people. A great impact on the molding of the personality of the child takes place, and how they respond to certain situations. Did mom and dad coddle their child? Did this correspond with their child’s neediness or clinginess to be held during the toddler years? Some influences in a child’s development include...
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...to define the field of child development. Interdisciplinary is when it has grown through the combined efforts of people from many fields of the combined efforts of people from many fields of study. When it comes to applied it is added to an experiment or study theory and it can be changed. 2. List the age periods researchers use to study child development, and cite and describe the three domains in which development is often divided. There are six periods researchers use to study child development. The first is the prenatal which is conception to birth. Next is the infancy and toddlerhood which is from birth to two years. Early childhood is next and that stage is two to six years old. Then it’s the middle childhood which is from six to eleven years old. Adolescence follows after which is from ages eleven to eighteen. Next is the emerging adulthood which is eighteen to twenty five years old. With age periods there is also three domains in which development is divided. First is physical which includes change in health, functioning of the body system, perceptual and motor capacities, body size proportion and appearance. Next is cognitive which describes changes in intellectual abilities. Last is emotional and social, which are changes in emotional communication, interpersonal skills and relationship, moral reasoning and behavior, self-understanding, and knowledge about others. 3. Explain the role of theories in understanding child development, describe the three basic...
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...Early childhood development: Name of student: Name of institution: Introduction In the early childhood development stage, quality skills are required by the preschool teacher or the ECD professionals. This is very necessary if the child is to have a good growth. It is very necessary for the future preschool teachers to incorporate these skills so as to achieve success in the early childhood development (McCartney, 2006). There are also various necessary qualities and behaviors that are needed in early childhood development that every preschool teacher should learn. Early childhood development refers to the changes that occur in the human from the time of birth up to the time when adolescence end. In this stage, it incorporates the behavioral changes in the child. It also involves the physiological changes that occur in the children. The preschool teacher has to hence incorporate various skills for the success of her teaching. Moreover, the early childhood development also involves the biological changes that occur in the children between the time of birth and the period where the adolescence age ends. The infants are born when their skills are very low. It is hence the work of the preschool teachers to improve these skills in the child’s life. They have also limited abilities hence much need to be done so as to improve their skills and abilities. In the early childhood development, one learned the way the child lives and hence shapes their development skills (Trawick-Smith...
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...Developmental psychology is the scientific study of systematic psychological changes, emotional changes, and perception changes that occur in human beings over the course of their life span. Originally concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to include adolescence, adult development, aging and the entire life span. This field examines change across a broad range of topics including motor skills and other psycho-physiological processes; cognitive development involving areas such as problem solving, moral understanding, and conceptual understanding; language acquisition; social, personality, and emotional development; and self-concept and identity formation. 3 major contexts to consider when analysing child psychology are: social context, cultural context, and socioeconomic context. Developmental psychology includes issues such as the extent to which development occurs through the gradual accumulation of knowledge versus stage-like development, or the extent to which children are born with innate mental structures versus learning through experience. Many researchers are interested in the interaction between personal characteristics, the individual's behavior, and environmental factors including social context, and their impact on development; others take a more narrowly-focused approach.Developmental psychology informs several applied fields, including: educational psychology, child psychopathology, and forensic developmental psychology. Developmental psychology...
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