...During last May, I was at home to spend my weekend with my family at my village. Due to power failure, I came out of my home in search of shadowy trees. I reached a shadowy place which was comfortable. When I was walking towards that place I noticed that it was very hot to bear it. I sat silently. Due to loneliness, my mind was wandering in many thoughts and started thinking that if Pakistani rulers were asked to walk in such hot sunshine what they will feel. They will be no more if they walked in such a hot season even a mile because they never face such kind of torture. If they escaped they will solve the issue of power. My eyes were not fixed at one place they were turning one direction to another. I noticed still people were working in this hot day. They were reaping wheat. These people used to reap wheat to collect grain for their food. People of southern Punjab mostly do this. Usually, they spread all over the Punjab to collect grain. Mostly male members move to far off places and females use to collect grain from nearer places. Just imagine, sun is on climax almost burning all things. Humans, animal, birds, and all creatures of Allah are absent. You are unable to collect courage to move a single step from shadowy place and comfort of electric air conditioners is no more with you because in that sort of weather it stops working, how difficult is to work. But these courageous people are working. There is no person to compel them to work but it is only the belly which forced...
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...'Violence in Burma' The real cause of current riots in Burma dates back to the 17th century, during the wrapping up of Mughal dynasty and the advent of British rule in this part of Asia.The last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah II and his folk fled to Yangon, Myanmar. He was captured and later died during his confinement in Yangon and was buried on 7.11.1862. Post his death, the British prevailed over Burma, influencing its economy, social & religious convictions and politics. Numerous organizations were established by the leaders of Burmese-Muslims community which participated actively in social and religious welfare of splinter group. History: During British regime, rise of anti-Indian and later anti-Muslim sentiments became prominent as a consequence of economic pressure and Xenophobia. An anti-Indian riot in 1930 ignited racial tensions between the traditional Burmese, Indian immigrants, and Britishers. Burmese convictions turned against those viewed as foreigners, including Muslims of all ethnic groups. Post this, the world saw an anti-Muslim riot in 1938, strongly influenced by the media and the newspaper.In 1950s, Burma began "Burmanisation" with its lofty aims for racial purity and the nationalisation of resources. Since then, the tussle for survival of the minor sect, earlier from British and now from the buddhist population ( approximatley 75% of the total), is going on. The present day scenario (2012 riots) : After about, few years of sacred peace in Myanmar...
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...The Taj Mahal The Taj Mahal is a white marble mausoleum located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan, in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal, built it and it is one example of Mughal architecture, a style that combines elements from Persian and Indian architectural styles. It was built on the south wall of Agra and was constructed using materials from all over India and Asia. Masons, stonecutters, inlayers, carvers, painters, calligraphers, dome-builders and artisans were summoned from the whole of the empire, Central Asia, and Iran. The translucent white marble was brought from Makrana, Rajasthan, the jasper from Punjab, jade and crystal from China. The turquoise was from Tibet and the Lapis lazuli from Afghanistan, while the sapphire came from Sri Lanka and the carnelian from Arabia. In all, twenty eight types of precious and semi-precious stones were inlaid into the white marble. You can see these inlaid stones on the outside and inside of the Taj Mahal. The Taj Mahal has symmetry in the way it was built, it has cross-axial and bilateral symmetry. There are arches that are all symmetrically placed to each other. Above the arches there are verses from the Quran were inscribed in calligraphy as well as other areas of the complex. There are minarets all around the corners of the building that are also symmetrically placed, they are 40 meters tall and are cylindrical columns with beveled angles. One prominent motif on the Taj Mahal is the lotus. It...
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...structure of the Mughal Empire was completely like military pattern and fidelity to the Mughal emperors acted as the main base of this formative structure the virtual pillar of the Mughal Empire was Mansabdari system. Like the I.C.S. in the English regime the Mansabdari system in the Mughal reign was the main power of autocratic government. The very word 'Mansab' means rankand so from this viewpoint 'Mansabdari system' is 'a holder of a rank in the imperial service'. The Mansabdari system was not hereditary and the emperor himself according to his own will power could appoint any person judging on the person's efficiency to the post of Mansab. So long as it was intact there was no cause for being anxious about its existence. Defects of Mansabdari System : Firstly, in the formative structure of the Mughal Empire the Mansabdari system acted as a military machine. But as all the administrative sections were added with the central arrangement the efficiency of Mansabdari system was to a great extent. The bureaucratic complexity and procrastination weakened this system. Moreover, success of this system depended mostly on the efficiency and skill of the Empire himself. And, therefore during the reign of the debilitated Mughal emperors after Aurang-zeb the Mansabdari system almost broke down. Secondly, the Badsahas had no conception about the fact that all the Mansabdars could not be equally skilled in warfare and in maneuvering an army. The Mughal Mansabdars...
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...Elizabeth I for trade with Asia. The original object of the group of merchants involved was to break the Dutch monopoly of the spice trade with the East Indies. However, after 1623, when the English traders at Amboina were massacred by the Dutch, the company admitted defeat in that endeavor and concentrated its activities in India. It had established its first factory at Machilipatnam in 1611, and it gradually acquired unequaled trade privileges from the Mughal emperors. Although the company was soon reaping large profits from its Indian exports (chiefly textiles), it had to deal with serious difficulties both in England and in India. During the 17th cent. its monopoly of Indian trade was constantly challenged by independent English traders called "interlopers." In 1698 a rival company was actually chartered, but the conflict was resolved by a merger of the two companies in 1708. By that time the company had established in India the three presidencies of Madras (now Chennai), Bombay (now Mumbai), and Calcutta (now Kolkata). As Mughal power declined, these settlements became subject to increasing harassment by local princes, and the company began to protect itself by intervening more and more in Indian political affairs. It had, moreover, a serious rival in the French East India Company, which under Joseph François Dupleix launched an aggressive policy of expansion. The victories (1751–60) of Robert Clive over the French made the company dominant in India, and by a treaty of 1765 it...
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...The Mughal Gardens are an exemplary work of architecture which contributed a great deal to the landscape architecture of the Mughal Period. They are large ornamental gardens laid out by the rulers for pleasure and to display power. Emperor Babur, moved by nature and his love for it, commemorated his victory over Ibrahim Lodi in 1527 by constructing a large ornamental garden (Kabul Bagh, Panipat) rather than a triumphal monument. Soon, park-like enclosures were a part of most architectural projects of the Mughals, especially tombs, but these spacious gardens were also constructed solely as pleasure resorts. The idea of these gardens was heavily influenced by the Persian Gardens. They were of geometrical plans and layouts and were often of elaborate and comprehensive compositions. The most notable of these gardens are the Shalimar and Nishat Baghs. The plan of the Mughal garden is worked out in a regular arrangement of squares, often divided further into smaller squares to form the char bagh figure or the "fourfold plot". These squares are outlined by paved pathways and water channels. The Shalimar Bagh near Lahore was built by Emperor Shah Jahan in 1637. It is formed by a series of rectangular terraces in descending levels. There is a continuous flow of water throughout the entire system, with fountains, pools, basins, and cascades, that the garden is a very effective type of water garden. The layout is rigidly conventional and axially symmetrical. There is pattern in its...
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...TOURISM IN INDIA: Travel and tourism is the largest service industry in India. It provides heritage, cultural, medical, business and sports tourism. The main objective of this sector is to develop and promote tourism, maintain competitiveness of India as tourist destination and improve and expand existing tourism products to ensure employment generation and economic growth. India has become a popular tourist destination with thousands of people visiting different parts of India each year. Tourism in India has shown a phenomenal growth in the past decade. One of the reasons is that the Ministry of tourism, India has realized the immense potential of tourism in India during vacations. India travel tourism has grown rapidly with a great influx of tourists from all across the globe who have been irresistibly attracted to the rich culture, heritage, and incredible natural beauty of India. India offers luxury travel to its travellers and tourists. Almost all the cities in India have something to interest tourists. India tourism with its foggy hill stations, captivating beaches, historical monuments, golden deserts, serene backwaters, pilgrimage sites, rich wildlife, and colourful fairs capture the heart of every tourist. In addition, a variety of festivals, lively markets, vibrant lifestyle, and traditional Indian hospitality, makes one's experience as an Indian tourist truly unforgettable and fantastic. Some of the major tourist destinations in India are the Himalayas, Agra...
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...Rubaiyat by Omar Khayyam, as well as books of Kathak dance and Thumri by The Nawab of Lucknow; Wazid Ali Shah. Also, as a tribute to its founder; The Calcutta gallery houses a visual display of the history and development of Calcutta from Job Charnock of the English East India Company up till 1911, when the capital was shifted. However, the exhibitions pale in contrast to the architectural grace of the housing structure itself. The memorial was designed by William Emerson, then president of the Royal Institute of British Architects, Emerson's assistant, Vincent J. Esch designed the bridge of the north aspect and the garden gates were designed by Redesdale and David Prain. The ambassador of Indo-Saracenic style on our list; it merged British and Mughal elements as well as a broad array of Venetian, Egyptian, Decani and Islamic architectural influences here and there throughout. Interestingly; the memorial is reminiscent, probably even inspired by the Taj. Both monuments are built of white Makrana marble, one a mausoleum, and the other a memorial to an empress. In design too, the resemblance can be seen with its dome, four subsidiaries, octagonal domed chattris, high portals, terrace, and domed corner towers. In all; it is 103m in length by 69m in width, and rises to a height of 56m at the dome. Surrounding this dome, are allegorical sculptures including Art, Architecture, Justice, and Charity; and above the North Porch are Motherhood, Prudence and Learning. Atop the central dome of the...
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...India’s Glorious Past – War for wealth & wealth for war India is country known for a rich history of wealth and many small and diverse kingdoms before the British came and stole what was rightfully ours. They who came to trade left with almost all of our money, all our knowledge and left us with a poor understanding of society and new and upcoming inventions and innovations which occurred in the world during that time. India, once called a land of paradise, a land which had wealth not only of monetary value but also in terms of our vast knowledge on science, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, trade, architecture, arts and sculpture and many other areas. Indian Kings should the world their wealth by building great many structures, acquiring rare diamonds, breeding white horses and gifting them to all the foreign dignitaries. Although it doesn’t feel like one, India was one of the richest nations in the world up to the 17th Century. In fact most of our country was attacked because of huge amounts of wealth and money that people had here. If history proves anything, it proves that in ancient times, India was the richest country in the world. The fact that she has always been the cynosure of all eyes, Asiatic or European, that people of less favored climes have always cast longing looks on her glittering treasures, and that the ambition of all conquerors has been to possess India, prove that she has been reputed to be the richest country in the world. Her sunny climate, unrivalled...
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...has seen a melting pot of different religions, rulers and empires -- all of which have left their mark on the countryside. Many historical places in India are listed as World Heritage sites due to their cultural importance. Visit these popular historical places in India and take a trip back in time to ancient India. You'll marvel at the architecture of what are some of the most stunning and captivating historical attractions that India has to offer. Taj Mahal at sunrise - James Gritz/Photographer's Choice RF/Getty Images James Gritz/Photographer's Choice RF/Getty Images 1. The Taj Mahal The Taj Mahal looms fairytale-like from the banks of the Yamuna River. It's actually a tomb that contains the body of Mumtaz Mahal – the wife of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. He had it built as an ode to his love for her. Dating back to 1630 AD, the Taj Mahal is made out of marble and took 22 years and 20,000 workers to complete. One of the most captivating things about it is the way its color appears to gradually alter in the changing light of the day. Taj Mahal Travel Guide 5 Top Places to Stay in Agra Best Delhi to Agra Trains Explore the Golden Triangle in India More » Ads The Triposo Travel App www.triposo.com/free_download 25000 destinations, 6M travelers sharing their experiences with you. Homework help brainly.in 80% question get an answer in 10 min - www.sxc.hu user hde2003 www.sxc.hu user hde2003 2. Hampi Now a laid back village, Hampi was once the last capital...
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...Aurangzeb – a moment of epiphany in Bim’s Life Bim, the Central character in the novel, envisages life as full of adventure. She aspires to be a heroine and a rebel. But ironically, it is she who stays in the same place, doing the same dull routine and does not move beyond Old Delhi. She lives in the house she was born in and teaches in the college where she studied. However, she is not a highly strung and neurotic creature. The present does not torment her; what agonises her filters in from the past. She is as angry, unhappy and frustrated as the other in the family. But Bim, being a stoic, conceals her anguish. The lines from D. H. Lawrence’s “Ship of Death” reflect her death-wish. From too much love of living From hope and fear set free, We thank with brief thanks giving Whatever gods may be That, no man lives forever, That dead men rise up never; That even the Weariest river Winds somewhere safe to sea. But Bim eventually masters this death-wish and comes to terms with herself. For twenty years, she torments herself with the rejection, the desertion of Raja, her elder brother, whom she idealises with a near incestuous passion. Raja runs away to Hyder Ali in Hyderabad, leaving her in the crumbling house with an alcoholic aunt and a mentally retarded brother. She feels alienated as he marries Benazir, daughter of Hyder Ali and begets five children. He abdicates...
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...PR No.: PR13033 Madrid 15 May 13 Receipts from international tourism in destinations around the world grew by 4% in 2012 reaching US$ 1075 billion. This growth is equal to the 4% increase in international tourist arrivals which reached 1035 million in 2012. An additional US$ 219 billion was recorded in receipts from international passenger transport, bringing total exports generated by international tourism in 2012 to US$ 1.3 trillion. Among the emerging economy destinations highest receipts growth was reported by Thailand (+25%), India (+22%), Poland (+13%), South Africa (+18%), Egypt (+14%), Vietnam (+18%) and Ukraine (+13%). An extra 12 million international tourists in the first four months of 2013 PR No.: PR13046 Madrid 17 Jul 13 A total of 298 million international tourists travelled worldwide between January and April 2013, 12 million more than in the same period last year according to the latest UNWTO World Tourism Barometer. Prospects for the current tourism peak season remain positive with some 435 million tourists expected to travel abroad in the May-August period. International tourist arrivals grew by 4.3% in the first four months of 2013 to reach a total of 298 million, up from 286 million, despite a challenging global economic environment. Results were positive in all regions, with the strongest growth in Asia and the Pacific (+6%), Europe (+5%) and the Middle East (+5%) and weaker growth in the Americas (+1%) and Africa (+2%). By subregion...
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...numbered?” The Raj refers to the British rule in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 until India’s independence in 1947. Thus the days of the Raj were ‘numbered’. The word ‘numbered’ refers to the idea that the British rule in India was limited; hence the imperialist powers were being eradicated gradually. Due to Indian rebellion against the British rule, Britain’s slowly diminished their political and military battle with India. The British had introduced various new things for India, i.e. democracy. Before the British rule, India was governed by the Mughal Emperors who were essentially dictators. The British introduced a system of multi-party democracy for India’s various state councils and regional legislatures, whereby the people’s representatives were elected by popular vote. Britain introduced a Western style infrastructure to all aspects and levels of Indian affairs, which was fare more sophisticated and efficient than the Mughal period. Britain subsequently modernised India in terms of rail networking, electricity and infrastructure. Source R suggests that issue of inequality is prevalent as the Indians “despised the local British”… implying the Indians already developed an element of dislike for the British people. Thus the term “despised” portrays the negative attitude towards the British and essentially the unwillingness of adopting the ways of the British culture in to their own. The origins of this source could be questioned as it was written from unknown Indian’s perspective...
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...------------------------------------------------- Garasia tribal community has gained a place of prominenece in India due to their lifestyle and culture. This garasia tribal community has got concentration in several areas of Rajasthan and Gujarat. As per history, the Garasia tribes are a division of the Rajput community. According to the stories told by locals,in the battle of Haldighati, Maharana pratap’s army got out numbered and defeated by mughals, the soldiers ran into aravalli hills for survival. During Pratap's exile, he received much financial assistance from Bhamashah, a well-wisher. The Bhil tribals of the Aravalli hills provided Pratap with their support during times of war and their expertise in living off the forests during times of peace. Since, then the army never left the hills and been residing since then. ------------------------------------------------- During Pratap's exile, he received much financial assistance from Bhamashah, a well-wisher. The Bhil tribals of the Aravalli hills provided Pratap with their support during times of war and their expertise in living off the forests during times of peace. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Maharana Pratap From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Maharana Pratap singh | The Ruler of Mewar | | Reign | 1568–1597 | Born | May 9, 1540 | Birthplace | kolyari, Kumbhalgarh...
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...have ruled over this land at different stages of history: Bengal under the Mughal rule After the fall of the Karrani power in 1576, Bengal fell under the Mughal rule. But the establishment of effective rule took some time. * On 19th December, 1578, Khan-i-Jahan died and Muzaffar Khan became the governor of Bengal. Akbar's brother Mirza Hakim declared himself independent in Kabul, and Muzaffar Khan was defeated by rebels sympathetic to Mirza Hakim, and Bengal and Bihar was declared to be his. He sent a Subedar to Bengal, but lots of Afghans took control of parts of Bengal and all of Orissa. * In April 1582, Akbar sent Khan-i-Azam as the subedar of Bengal, who won partial victory; but parts of the region remained under Masum Kabuli and Isha Khan, even under the next subedar Shahbaz Khan. In June 1584, Kutlu Khan of Orissa, who had revolted and took over parts of Bengal, was defeated. * In 1586, both Isha Khan and Masum Kabuli accepted mughal overlordship. A new administrative system headed by a sipahsalar (later called subedar) started: Wazib Khan was the first sipahsalar, but he died in August 1587. He was followed by Sayyid Khan (1587–1594). * Raja Mansingh (1594–1605) was the next subedar of Bengal. He shifted the capital from Tanda to a new town of Akbarnagar. There were again revolts headed by Isha Khan and Raghudeva, cousin of Lakshminarayana, ruler of Coochbehar. The Mughals suffered heavy...
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