...Available on line www.eijppr.com International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research ISSN (Online) 2249 – 6084 ISSN (Print) 2250 – 1029 Int.J.Pharm.Phytopharmacol.Res. 2011, 1(3): 107-111 (Research Article) An Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Abelmoschus esculentus on Clinically Isolated Infectious Disease Causing Bacterial Pathogen from Hospital Yogesh Chaudhari*1, Dr. E. P. Kumar2, Manisha Badhe3, Hardik R. Mody1, Vamshikrishna B. Acharya1 1 3 Dr. L. H. Hiranandani College of Pharmacy, Ulhasnagar. India 2 Karapagam College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, India Nandha College of Pharmacy,Kora Palyam Pirivu,Pitchandampalyam,Erode-638052 Received on: 21/11/2011 Accepted on: 17/12/2011 ABSTRACT Six different organic solvents such as n-butanol, petroleum ether, methanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform were used to extract the bioactive compounds from the fruits of Abelmoschus esculentus to screen the antibacterial activity against infectious disease causing bacterial pathogens such as Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabillis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by paper disc method. The butanolic extract of Abelmoschus esculentus was more active against almost 90% of the organism tested. It was followed by Ethyl acetate, Methanol, Petroleum ether, Chloroform in inhibiting the growth of organism tested. Key Words: Abelmoschus esculentus, Pathogens, Antibacterial...
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...Courtroom TV paper Kimberly smith CJS/251 March 30,2015 Kenneth Bitting Introduction The Casey Anthony trial involves the death of her two year old daughter Caylee Anthony. Casey Anthony is accused of killing her daughter. Casey Anthony claims her two-year-old Caylee Anthony is missing On June 9, 2008 in Orange County, Florida. Anthony later tells police she dropped Caylee off at a babysitter's apartment. The name that Casey had given to the police officers was Zenaida Fernandez-Gonzalez. On June 16th 2008 was the last Caylee grandparents saw her alive. Casey didn’t give her parents any details about nothing. Later on in July of 2008 a post from the internet allowed Casey parent to locate the car which had been towed. There was a foul smell coming from the trunk of the car. 30 days after Caylee went missing or hadn’t been seen a missing person report was filed. Criminal process On July 16, 2008 Casey Anthony had been lying to the police investigators about Zenaida Fernandez-Gonzalez babysitting Caylee. Casey was arrested on suspicion of child neglect, filing false misleading statements and hindering a criminal investigation. The sheriff’s office then searched the car with a cadaver dog and the dog picked up the scent of human decomposition, Also they were satins in the trunk and hair. Casey was then was charged with child neglect. In August 21, 2008 she was released out on a 500,000 bail after being detained from about a month. Casey bond was revoked on charges of check forgery...
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...Proposal For: John Snow and His Influence on Public Health Monica Rodgers PU120 Section 1 Professor Nicole Heim Unit 2 Assignment Thesis: John Snow formulated a theory on the transmission of cholera, improved the mode of administration of anesthetics, and made advancements in resuscitation. He is considered a father of epidemiology, even though many of his concepts were not accepted until years after his death. Among those who have left their mark on the development of public health is John Snow, a man who is considered a father of modern epidemiology. However, many of his concepts were not accepted until after his death. John Snow worked hard and published many great works. In this paper, I will briefly discuss John Snows background, his works, and the outcome of those works. John Snow was the son of a humble laborer in York, England. Snow’s father eventually became a farmer and landlord after acquiring a sufficient amount of property. Snow on the other hand took a different path in society, becoming an apprentice to William Hardcastle. After obtaining an education from several schools, Snow became a licensed apothecary, surgeon, and physician. John Snow first encountered cholera in 1831-32 in Newcastle. It was in the London epidemic of 1848-49 that Snow proposed that cholera entered the body through the mouth. In 1849, Snow wrote “On the mode of communication of cholera”. It was dismissed for lack of data. In 1841, Snow published his first work, entitled...
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... * Our society is based around innovations and technical changes; a new invention becomes an innovation if it is put to market with a good business model, and a clear marketing campaign, a new invention not put to market is not an innovation. Many inventions do not succeed due to the lack of market research. Successful innovations often disrupt an established technology, meaning that the established technology becomes obsolete, or much less used, and it us the disruptive innovation which takes over. In this paper we will see how Robotic surgery disrupts the traditional human surgery process. Robotic surgery offers small incisions, instruments that bend further than the human wrist, and an enhanced view due to its magnified 3D high-definition. It is highly beneficial due to its reduced chance of bleeding and infection, fewer post-operative complications and a faster recovery. The only commercialized robot in robotic surgery is the Da Vinci surgical robot, which is a production of Intuitive Surgical. The medical domain has already accepted a lot of innovations, it is a domain that has greatly evolved, our health being one of the most important things in life, a lot of research is made around it, and the government is often part in its funding’s. The most revolutionary innovation in the health care center is robotic surgery, which now looks to disrupt the human procedure of surgery, and replace it with robotic surgery. Robotic surgery however still demands the help of surgeons...
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...Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Research 2012;2(1):15-21 An Official Publication of Association of Pharmacy Professionals ISSN: 2249-6041 (Print); ISSN: 2249-9245 (Online) RESEARCH ARTICLE CHARACTERIZATION AND EX-VIVO SKIN PERMEATION STUDY OF DOMPERIDONE MALEATE TRANSDERMAL PATCH Irfan Newaz Khan*, Maria Islam Khan, Kishor Mazumder, Marzina Ajrin, Newton Sen, Afsana Rashid and Md. Abdul Motaleb Bhuiya Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Basic Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC), Chittagong-4202, Bangladesh *E-mails: irfan352@yahoo.com Tel.: +88-01717026373, +88-659070-1 Received: November 16, 2011 / Revised: April 04, 2012 / Accepted: April 08, 2012 The present study was designed to develop a suitable matrix type transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) of domperidone maleate using blends of three different polymeric combinations of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and ethylcellulose (EC). Physical studies including moisture content, moisture uptake and flatness to study the stability of the formulations were performed. In-vitro dissolution as well as ex-vivo skin permeation studies of the experimental formulations were also performed. Ex-vivo skin permeation study was conducted across the depilated rat abdominal skin using a modified Franz’s diffusion cell. Drug-excipient interaction studies were carried out using TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) method. All the formulations were found to be suitable for formulating in terms...
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...CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Study Design This research is an experimental study which was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of treatment of Cassia alata as antioxidant effects in cardiovascular system of hyperglycemic rats. The antioxidant activity was tested from the leaf of Cassia alata using its aqueous extract. For this study, 30 Wistar rats weighing between 180 to 200g were used. They were housed in standard cages in a room with a 12 hour light/dark cycle and 50 to 60% relative humidity at a temperature of about 30°C. The animals had fed with standard food and water without limit. This study was conducted in two groups of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats in which each group will consist of 15 rats. For the first group of STZ induced diabetic rats had fed with Cassia alata aqueous extract for 20 days meanwhile for the second group of STZ induced diabetic rats had fed with normal saline as a negative control for 20 days. The two groups of STZ induced diabetic had divided into 2 batches. First batch of diabetic rats was consisted of 6 rats for both groups while the second batch was consisted of 9 rats for both groups. All of the rats in two groups had fasted for 12 hour before induced diabetic via STZ injection. After an injection, the rats with level of fasting blood sampling (FBS) above 200 mg/dl will take for further investigation. Henceforth, the treatment was began in which the Cassia alata aqueous extract will administer orally after 48 hour diabetic...
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...November 21, 2015, Reference Fisher, L. E., Hook, A. L., Ashraf, W., Yousef, A., Barrett, D. A., Scurr, D. J., … Bayston, R. (2015). Biomaterial modification of urinary catheters with antimicrobials to give long-term broadspectrum antibiofilm activity. Journal of Controlled Release, 202, 57-64. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.01.037.Epub Retrieved November 15,2015, from ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Since urinary catheter infections are so prevalent in hospitalized patients; short-term bladder drainage or long-term management of bladder dysfunction can posed serious infections. The purpose of this research is to see, if applying Biomaterial modification to urinary catheters such as anti-microbial agents will prevent foley catheters related infections. The aim is to try to keep the indwelling catheter as long as possible without the development of catheter related infection.(Fisher et.al,2015). The questions to keep in mind are that is it effective to apply the Biomaterial agent in reducing catheter related infection? What is the objective of patients who has an indwelling catheter with anti-microbial agent? Applicability The variables used in this study are silicone catheters. The independent variable used to run this test are pathogens such as Esherichia Coli, Proteus Mirabis, and Klebsiella Pneumaniae and anti-microbial agents are 0.2% Rifampin, 1% Triclosan, and 1% Sparloxacin.(Fisher et al,2015) In this study, there were no actual people samples, but the specimens of...
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...Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2014, Article ID 369204, 32 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/369204 Review Article Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae): A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of This Medicinal Plant Juliana Félix-Silva,1 Raquel Brandt Giordani,2 Arnóbio Antonio da Silva-Jr,1 Silvana Maria Zucolotto,2 and Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa1 1 Laborat´rio de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacˆutica (TecBioFar), Programa de P´ s-graduacao em Ciˆncias o e o ¸˜ e Farmacˆuticas (PPgCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Rua General Cordeiro de Farias, s/n, e Petr´ polis, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil o 2 Laborat´rio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farm´ cia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), o a Rua General Cordeiro de Farias, s/n, Petr´ polis, 59012-570 Natal, RN, Brazil o Correspondence should be addressed to Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa; mpedrosa31@uol.com.br Received 24 February 2014; Revised 1 May 2014; Accepted 1 May 2014; Published 5 June 2014 Academic Editor: Shi-Biao Wu Copyright © 2014 Juliana F´lix-Silva et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution e License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae), widely known as “bellyache bush,”...
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...1.0 Introduction The project seeks to extract phytochemicals from Crombetum molle and evaluate their antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus specie. Indigenous plants possess the ability to produce phytochemicals which they use to protect themselves against insect infection and environmental harsh conditions. Currently, the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance is the greatest challenge on the treatment of bacterial infection in Zimbabwe (Weinstein R.A, 1998). In Zimbabwe vanocomycim, meropenem, imipenem are antibiotics which are being used against methicillin resistant S.aureus specie and are considered very expensive because they are not manufactured in Zimbabwe. Combretum molle is an indigenous plant which produces phytochemicals which possess the ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria and have several biological activities like antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial activities. These phytochemicals can be used in rotation with the conventional drugs since they possess a different structure which is new to the bacteria. Using phytochemicals as antibacterial agents from Combretum molle plant can be of great advantage since it is readily available in Zimbabwe thereby cutting cost of importing and they do not cause undesirable toxic effects because they are natural. 1.1 Problem statement Currently, the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance is the greatest challenge on the treatment of bacterial infection in...
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...the synthesis of the MIP, MAA was chosen as the functional monomer because, from the previous experience, this is the best functional monomer in order to establish selective hydrogen bonding interactions with the functional groups of bentazon. Another important parameter that affected the capability of MIP synthesized in the synthesis process is molar ratio of template/monomer/cross-linker. Only appropriate molar ratio of template/monomer can afford high selectivity with MIP. And the amount of cross-linker should be high enough to maintain the stability of the recognition sites (Andersson et al, 1999). Through complex optimization experiments, the MIP synthesized at the molar ratio of 1:6:20 (template/monomer/cross-linker) in 15 mL of chloroform showed better affinity and selectivity and were chosen as synthetical conditions of bentazon-MIP. 3.2. Optimization of SPE procedure In order to evaluate the applicability of the MIP for separation and determination of bentazon by HPLC, general parameters for SPE including the amount of loading solvents, washing solution and eluent and pH were optimized following a step by step approach. Different volume (2 mL, 4 mL, 6 mL, 8 mL and 10 mL) of 50 ng/mL bentazon solution was loaded onto the cartridges that contained 100 mg MIP of bentazon. According to the compared data obtained under the same condition, 8 mL 50 ng/mL bentazon solution was selected as the sample loading condition in subsequent experiments. Washing step was a crucial procedure...
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...FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY | H.H HOLMES | AMERICAS FIRST SERIAL KILLER | | Kevin Hutter | 10/20/2011 | H.H HOLMES, THE FIRST AMERICAN SERIAL KILLER, IN THE FOLLOW RESEARCH PAPER WE WILL BE LOOKING AT PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HIS CRIMES TROUGH HIS EARLY CHILDHOOD TILL HIS EXECUTION IN THE LATE 1800’S | Herman Webster Mudgett, better known under the alias of Dr. Henry Howard Holmes, was one of the first documented American serial killers in the modern sense of the term. Mudgett was born in Gilmanton, New Hampshire [4] to Levi Horton Mudgett and Theodore Page Price, both of whom were descended from the first non-native settlers in the area. According to the 2007 Most Evil profile on Holmes, his father was a violent alcoholic, and his mother was a devout Methodist who read the Bible to Herman. He claimed that, as a child, schoolmates forced him to view and touch a human skeleton after discovering his fear of the local doctor. The bullies initially brought him there to scare him, but instead he was utterly fascinated, and he soon became obsessed with death. Born to an affluent family, Holmes had a privileged childhood. It has been said that he appeared to be unusually intelligent at an early age. Still there were haunting signs of what was to come. He expressed an interest in medicine, which reportedly led him to practice surgery on animals. Some accounts indicate that he may have been responsible for the death of a friend. [2] Holmes also talked about his childhood...
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...Does Rancidity, As Measured by Peroxide Value, Affect Animal Performance? C. R. Hamilton, Ph. D.1 and D. Kirstein, M.S.2 Darling international Inc. Rancidity refers to the oxidative state of fats, which is a characteristic that may have nutritional relevance and, in extreme cases, affect the well being of poultry and livestock. However, these effects are poorly understood. Most tolerances and standards used to evaluate animal feeds and ingredients for rancidity are derived from human thresholds for detecting off-flavors associated with rancidity. Therefore, it is assumed that feeding fats that have undergone severe oxidation may reduce feed consumption and growth rate in animals. Oxidative rancidity is a complex process that is thought to occur in phases: (1) initiation, (2) auto-oxidation and (3) termination. During each phase, the formation of products increase and decrease over time, as shown in Figure 1. Hydroperoxides form when oxygen and unsaturated fatty acids combine in the presence of a catalyst (such as iron, copper, heat, light, enzymes, etc.) during the initiation phase. These peroxides are reactive and can combine with other fats to form additional reactive products during auto-oxidation. Hydrocarbons, aldehydes and ketones are formed during the termination or final phase. These compounds are volatile, but relatively unreactive. The best in vitro indicator of rancidity for feeds and feed ingredients has not yet been defined. Rancidity is a qualitative...
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...TRACING THE ORIGIN OF THE CHARACTERISTIC BAD ODOUR OF DRIED STOCK FISH PROJECT BY ADESINA ADEBOWALE T. (2011) 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Information With the ever growing population and the need to store and transport food from one place to another where it is needed, food preservation becomes necessary in order to increase its shelf life and maintain its nutritional value, texture and flavor. Therefore good food preservation techniques must prevent microbial spoilage of food without affecting its quality and nutritional attributes. Fish are recognized as highly perishable having a relatively short shelf life, therefore fish requires proper handling and preservation to increase its shelf life and retain its quality and nutritional attributes. Fresh fish spoilage can be very rapid after it is caught, immediately a fish is caught it loses its natural resistance to attack by microorganism and also start to undergo both physical and chemical changes that in return bring changes in appearance, taste, smell and texture. During fish spoilage there is a breakdown of various components and formation of new compounds. This new compounds are responsible for changes in odour, flavour and texture of the fish. Fish lipids contain omega − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), especially Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These fatty acids play a vital role in human nutrition, disease prevention, and health promotion. Long chain omega − 3 PUFAs cannot be synthesized...
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...Automated Swell Index Measurements of Films Using THERMO MECHANICAL ANALYZER (TMA) SWAYAJITH SAHADEVAN swayajith@gmail.com Abstract Dimensional instability on finished plastics products due to changes in humidity is one of the leading causes of product failure. The test lead times associated with measuring changes in dimensions due to humidity changes are prohibitively longer & lot of machine time is consumed in the process. This can become a limiting scenario wherein multiple materials are scaled up for measurements or multiple formulation variables are being analyzed. In this paper, we propose to use the “Swell Index” as the prime factor to be used for evaluating the changes in dimensions. Swell Index of a material is defined as the ratio of difference in dimension to the original dimension as a function of temperature or humidity and is expressed as percent swell index (temperature) or percent swell index (Humidity) respectively. Swell Index is measured using TMA by measuring the dimensional changes as a function of time while cycling the environment of the test sample between dry Nitrogen (~0% RH) and wet nitrogen (100% RH). This analysis can be accomplished using few grams of samples without manual intervention, thereby leading to significant reduction in test lead times. Key words: -Thermo Mechanical Analysis, Swell Index, Dimensional stability Principle When hygroscopic polymeric materials experience humidity, the dimension of the material changes .The dimension...
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...Pakistan Veterinary Journal ISSN: 0253-8318 (PRINT), 2074-7764 (ONLINE) Accessible at: www.pvj.com.pk RESEARCH ARTICLE Antidiarrheal Evaluation of Aqueous and Ethanolic Stem Bark Extracts of Khaya senegalensis A. Juss (Meliaceae) in Albino Rats Ishaku L. Elisha, Micah S. Makoshi, Sunday Makama*, Christiana J. Dawurung, Nkechi V. Offiah§, Jurbe G. Gotep, Olusola O. Oladipo and David Shamaki National Veterinary Research Institute, P.M.B. 01, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria; §Also affiliated with School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago *Corresponding author: dluutsi@yahoo.com ARTICLE HISTORY Received: Revised: Accepted: April 05, 2012 May 24, 2012 July 04, 2012 ABSTRACT The stem bark of Khaya senegalensis A. Juss (Meliaceae) is used traditionally in the treatment of malaria, intestinal worms, diarrhea, dysentery and venereal diseases. Despite the claim as an effective antidiarrheal remedy in both humans and animals, there is scarcity of documented scientific information of specific in vivo antidiarrheal test using extracts of this plant. The number of wet feces and the distance travelled by activated charcoal meal in rats orally given 300, 600 and 1200 mg/kg doses of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the stem bark of K. senegalensis were evaluated in the castor oil induced diarrhea and gastrointestinal motility studies. The phytochemical constituents and acute toxicity test of the extracts...
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