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Cholesterol Synthesis

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Submitted By harshalj
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INTRODUCTION * Cholesterol is the major sterol in the animal tissues. * Cholesterol is present in tissues and in plasma either as free cholesterol or as a storage form, combined with a long-chain fatty acid as cholesteryl ester. * In plasma, both forms are transported in lipoproteins * Plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the vehicle of uptake of cholesterol and cholesteryl ester into many tissues. * Free cholesterol is removed from tissues by plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and transported to the liver, where it is eliminated from the body either unchanged or after conversion to bile acids in the process known as reverse cholesterol transport .
STRUCTURE
* The structure of cholesterol consists of four fused rings (The rings in steroids are denoted by the letters A, B, C, and D.), with the carbons numbered in the sequence, and an eight numbered, and branched hydrocarbon chain attached to the D ring. * Cholesterol contains two angular methyl groups: the C-19 methyl group is attached to C-10, and the C-18 methyl group is attached to C-13. * The C-18 and C-19 methyl groups of cholesterol lie above the plane containing the four rings.

Steroids with 8 to 10 carbon atoms in the side chain and an alcohol hydroxyl group at C-3 are classified as sterols. Much of the plasma cholesterol is in the esterified form (with a fatty acid attached at carbon 3), which makes the structure even more hydrophobic .
FUNCTIONS
Cholesterol is the most abundant sterol in humans and performs a number of essential functions. For example- * It is a major constituent of the plasma membrane and of plasma lipoproteins. * It is a precursor of bile salts, * It is a precursor of steroid hormones that include adrenocortical hormones, sex hormones, placental hormones etc * Also a precursor of vitamin D, cardiac glycosides, Sitosterol of

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