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Chronic Inflammation

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Inflammation is the response of vascular tissue to injury, which results from an immune response to infectious microorganisms. Acute inflammation is the immediate response to vascular changes where the widespread effects of inflammatory mediators produce pain, heat and swelling, usually of short duration. Chronic inflammation is self-perpetuating and may last for weeks, months, or even years. It may develop as the result of a recurrent or progressive acute inflammatory process or from low-grade, smoldering responses that fail to evoke an acute attack. The influx of macrophages and lymphocytes are characteristic of chronic inflammation(Sommer, 2005). Inflammation is believed to have a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, measurement …show more content…
Inflammation also plays an essential role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions, and plaque disruption.Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa) are inflammatory cytokines and the main inducers of the secretion of C-reactive protein in the liver. C-reactive protein is a marker of low grade inflammation, and recent studies propose that this protein has a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic lesions in humans. Different types of chemokines, chemokine receptors, and inflammatory lipids act as important biomarkers in atherosclerosis. Thus, both inflammation and endothelial dysfunction have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular disease (Weiner et …show more content…
Chemokines play important roles in atherosclerotic vascular disease.These are expressed not only by cells of the vessel wall but also by emigrated leukocytes. These are secreted at the sites of inflammation and exert multiple functions beyond cell recruitment. However, change in the chemokine concentration is possible after involvement of a complex system that can have important and dangerous consequences leading to diseases.The specific implications of the various chemokines in CV diseases have been elucidated(Rolin et al.,2014). Inflammatory factors such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1,

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