...Genital Mutilation. Despite the enormous impact of globalization on multiple aspects of life in countries around the world and the cultural homogenization, the First and the Third worlds’ mentalities remain extremely different. The distinction between both worlds sometimes leads to serious controversies. With the dominance of the European model of gender equality and the lack of understanding due to cultural differences, Western representatives tend to criticize the traditions like female genital mutilation (FGM). Their main concern is that women in the countries of the Global South are oppressed by these practices. Thus, Western feminists are unable to get past...
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...David R. Tomlinson Resource limited area in Africa Circumcision Removal of the distal part of the foreskin WWII We first invaded north Africa Men that were not circumcised would get balanitis and posthitis Men with these conditions wouldn’t fight Eisenhower said from here on out, only circumcised men could go fight WWII is the reason why so many men in America are circumcised Egypt 2000 BC One of their advances was circumcision Egyptians were some of the first epidemiologists They removed the foreskin for health benefits One of the hypothesis is the schistosomiasis organism that meant uncircumcised men were more easily infected 1981 first case report of HIV, which was reported to the WHO 33 million people are currently infected with HIV HIV Virus Doesn’t infect red cells, but infects white cells Infects the system that’s supposed to defend the system AIDS Auto immune deficiency system Victims die of many different causes because they are susceptible to many different types of invasions Affects adults and leaves the very young and the very old which doesn’t help stimulate the economy HIV Fourth leading cause of mortality world wide Number 1 killer in SSA 2007, 12 million kids were orphaned by AIDS the numbers keep growing people need antiretroviral drugs for life and need to change the types of drugs Uncircumcised men had a much higher rate of vascularized STDs, such as syphilis One of the first physicians to make the connection...
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...is the purposeful injury to a female’s external sex organs (Female). Greek documents originating from 183 BC mention “female circumcision” being performed in ancient Egypt (Female). Therefore, many scholars believe that is where early forms of FGM began (Female). FGM is practiced in over 20 countries currently and has even made its way to developed countries like Canada and the United States (Pauls). Female Genital Mutilation cannot be linked to any early religions but is strictly performed as a cultural practice (Pauls). There are a total of four types of FGM, all of which involve removal of the clitoris and vary in different amounts of removal of other internal organs like the prepuce along with the labia moria and mojora (Pauls). It has been estimated that up to 125 million females have been circumcised today; in Africa, an annual amount of three million are at risk of being cut every year (Cloward 381). The systemic downfall of Female Genital Mutilation is a process still in the making. Policy makers and activists everywhere are slowly trying to breakdown the social norms of their countries and the cultural perceptions of what FGM is (Cloward 386). Female Genital Mutilation results in countless physical and mental injuries for women every...
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...Female circumcision is also known, more accurately, as female genital mutilation and female genital cutting (FGC.) There are three forms of FGC. The first is a clitoridectomy, the cutting and/or removal of the hood of the clitoris and all or part of the clitoris. The second is an excision which removes the clitoris, the hood, and the labia minor (the inner folds of the vulva that is responsible for producing lubrication.) The infibulation is the third and most radical which also removes everything in the excision along with the labia majora, the outer folds of the vulva. Once removed the sides of the vulva are sewn together leaving a small hole (about pencil size) for the flow of menstruation and urine. The tradition of FGC dates back more...
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...mismanaged priorities by the nations themselves and world as a whole. Historically global inequality refers to the three-world model and includes "World System Theory."The three-world model assumes that the entire world was once agrarian. Most of the worlds’ work involved farming, which was the most advanced type of economic activity. Around the middle of the eighteenth century, Europe began the transition to an industrial economy. The countries of Western Europe adopted the economic policy of capitalism and coupled it with factory technology. These (and their offspring: United States, Canada, and Australia, principally) became the wealthy countries of the world and are referred as the first world countries. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Russia adopted the socialist economic model and began to industrialize. However, it was a century and a half behind Western civilization, and socialism did not turn out to be effective in a world that was geared toward capitalism. The countries that followed this model (U.S.S.R,China, Cuba, etc.) became the Second World Countries. Countries that were unaffected by the two great revolutions (Industrial Revolution in the West and Communist Revolution in the East) are today's Third World Countries, the poorest countries in the world. World System Theory postulates that the vast majority of Third World Countries will never become equal to the more economically advanced countries because of world policies put into effect first by GATT (General...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Female circumcision is a traditional practice performed on girl children as part of initiation rituals into adulthood. This inquiry seeks to demystify the secretiveness surrounding this practice, seeking to establish the reasons why female circumcision remains a taboo subject. In doing so, the researcher will attempt to establish the local community’s perception of female circumcision and elucidate some of the reasons practitioners cite as benefits of female circumcision. The research focuses on Mabvuku and Tafara suburbs because there are people of different ethnic groups with varying customs and values that shape their behaviour and way of life. Mabvuku and Tafara have an unusually high concentration of people of Malawian, Mozambican and Zambian origin who migrated to seek work mostly before the Zimbabwean independence. Due to this diversity, women and girls who have undergone female circumcision were interviewed. Mabvuku is a high-density suburb some seventeen kilometres east of Harare. It is classified as a suburb or township of Harare, with the Harare City Council constituting local government. This inquiry is exploratory, descriptive and qualitative in nature, based on interviews with women who had undergone the practice in Mabvuku-Tafara. The inquiry can be termed therefore, a qualitative research done through a case study design. This research method is preferred because the researcher is exploring a subjective understanding of social reality...
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...HIV/AIDS is a devastating disease that has killed thousands of people all over the world. It is one of the most widespread and devastating epidemics we are currently dealing with. Many factors about this virus contribute to making it spread faster, become deadlier, and leaves no one unaffected. HIV/AIDS reaches the young and the old, the rich and the poor, and those in developed and undeveloped countries. Education about the virus and how it is approached to different people also affects how it is spread, several cultural factors come into play as to how effective it is in preventing future contraction of the virus. The cultural perceptions of the virus also affect how the virus is researched and how medicines are developed for it. Religion also plays a role in how the virus is spread and can have an impact on how those who are researching the disease research it. The spread of HIV/AIDS is affected by several factors the main ones being the approach of education taken, cultural perceptions of the disease, and religion. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized as a disease in 1981 (Kshatriya, 2005, pg. 69). Before 1981 it was found in the Caribbean and in African countries but it wasn’t until those first cases in the United States were diagnosed that the disease was officially recognized. HIV/AIDS exploded in America in the early 80’s, and initially they thought that AIDS was a “gay disease” and called it GRID standing for “gay related immune disease” (Lovell...
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...influence the women in this country have on agriculture. For example there is even the saying that talks about the corn belonging to the women since they are the feeders within the home. This statement alone shows how the women of this country hold a somewhat respected role, whereas in the past they are not even acknowledged. Though the men are still looked upon as the income provider and head of household, it is pretty much tradition that they each hold a very important role in. In the women and development chapter we discussed the political and socioeconomic status of third world women. We learned that the status of women across the third world is very diverse. In some countries women are not recognized at all and they have to partake in extreme injustices such as female circumcision, wife beatings, and “honor killings”, where women can be murdered when they are suspected of having extramarital relations. Fortunately, this case study shows that in some of the less developed countries though gender differences do exist, there can be some respect given to women. A second concept explored in this case study is the barriers faced by the poor when they try to make a better life for themselves from chapter six. Chapter six was called Agrarian Reform and the Politics of Rural Change. The case study shows how the people in this country try to use corn to be successful in agriculture. Though policy makers were trying to dissuade the country people from farming at all they...
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...The Story of Stephen Lewis HRE4M1 - ISU Submitted By Domin.k.kurian Kunjandy Kurian: 2 INTRODUCTION In this project I am going to talk about a famous person named Stephen Lewis one of Canada's most prominent activists, who seemingly done it all: a rewarding career in politics and diplomacy, and a lifetime of work on humanitarian issues on the world stage. In the first paragraph of this project I am going to construe his background information’s. In the second paragraph I am going to exhibit his educational information’s and qualifications. Stephen Lewis also has an extra ordinary career pathway. The third paragraph explains his career pathways. Since Stephen Lewis is well known for his social work the fourth and fifth paragraph explains his contribution to society. Finally the last paragraph also explains about his achievements and awards he gets for his remarkable social work. Stephen Lewis can be simply described as a person with amiable heart who burden about others. Kunjandy Kurian: 3 Domin.k.kurian HRE4M1 Dec-15-2014 Mr.Celebre The Story of Stephen Lewis Stephen Lewis is a person worthy of being anyone’s hero. He has had a very hustle life and has done many distinct things. Stephen Henry Lewis, the politician, diplomat, author, journalist, and labor arbitrator who born in November 11, 1937, Ottawa in Ontario to Mrs. Sophie Lewis and Mr. David Lewis. His parents gave him the Hebrew name "Sholem", a Yiddish derivation of the Hebrew word shalom, which means...
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...our rubric doesn't bring up, but I think it's a good technique. I notice that you have Greek written in Times New Roman font. I have seen other students do this. I have never been able to figure out how this is done. I notice that when I try to add a letter than it comes out in Latin script. These are quotations that you've pasted. This is amazing. I don't know how they do this! Let me know if you can help me! The only defect in this paper that I want to point out is that much of your paper is not really about Augustine's teaching on infant baptism. All subsequent developments of his teachings really have nothing to do with what happened in Augustine's head. Let's take Pannenberg as an example. He may have followers up there in Lutheran country where you minister. His ideas are influenced by Augustine, but Augustine was not a Lutheran. Some seem to think he was a Lutheran or a Calvinist, but they deceive themselves. You must, of course, take Paul into account because Augustine worked with Paul's writings. Paul was a source that Augustine used—or better, abused or misused, as you and argue. Students find it impossible to focus on one historical person, such as Augustine, without bringing in later persons who claim Augustinian authority. So I'd like for you to think about this as you move on to CHHI 525. It's been a pleasant having you in class. Blessings, John Landers Research Paper: Submission Rubric Element | Criteria | Points Earned | Points Possible | Comments from Instructor...
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...------------------------------------------------- Kenya History Then and Now Early Kenya history evidence shows that man's prehistoric ancestors roamed Kenya as early as four million years ago. The modern history of Kenya, however, did not start until the Cushitic people of Northern Africa moved into present day Kenya around 2000 BC. Thousands of years later, at around 200 AD, the Bantu arrived and settled along Kenya's coast. Later, between the 10th-14th centuries, the Nilotic people arrived and occupied the Great Rift Valley plains. Arab traders began frequenting Kenya's coast during the first century AD. By 700 AD, Arab settlements had sprouted along the coastline, giving way to inter-marriages between the Arabs and the Bantu. This formed the beginning of the Swahili culture and language found in Kenya today. Arab dominance ended in 1498, when the Portuguese arrived and settled along Kenya's coast. It was during their stay that the Portuguese built the famous Fort Jesus in Mombasa in 1593. The Portuguese retained control of much of the coast until the late 1600s when the Imam of Oman defeated them and brought Kenya's coast under Islamic control. Kenya Colonial History The colonial history of Kenya starts with the Berlin Conference of 1885 when European nations divided Africa among themselves. In 1894, the British government declared the East African Protectorate over Kenya and Uganda and, in 1920, the protectorate became a colony. The Kenya historical events timeline...
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...expect all societies to guarantee to their citizens irrespective of a person's race, religion, gender, sexuality, or ethnicity; rights that we should have no matter where we live or who we are(Ishay 2004). Understood as universal and inalienable, human rights have come to represent a common standard, a set of international norms against which we measure the actions of governments and the practices of communities (Beitz, 2001). They have come to function as the grounds on which we challenge particular policies and actions of states and the basis upon which we demand change or imagine a different, better future (Ignatieff, 2001). With all that they do, with all that we expect from them, it is not surprising that human rights are cherished the world over (Campbell, 2009). Traditional Practices on Women and Children On 24 May 1984, the UN Economic and Social Council requested the Secretary-General (resolution 1984/34) to entrust to a working group composed of experts designated by the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities ; the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ;...
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...of the developing world) and, most troublesome of all, the rights of women. How can women's rights be universal in the face of widespread divergences of cultural practice, when in some societies marriage is seen not as a contract between two individuals but as an alliance between lineages, and when the permissible behaviour of womenfolk is central to the society's perception of its honour? In addition, some religious leaders argue that human rights can only be acceptable if they are founded on transcendent values of their faith, sanctioned by God. The Universal Declaration claims no such heritage - a draft reference to the Creator was consciously left out of the final text. There is a built-in conflict between the universality of human rights and the particularity of religious perspectives. How can one respond to these objections? Concepts of justice and law, the legitimacy of government, the dignity of the individual, protection from oppressive or arbitrary rule and participation in the affairs of the community are found in every society on the face of this earth. The challenge of human rights is to identify the common denominators rather than to throw up one's hands at the impossibility of universalism. The objections also reflect a false opposition between the primacy of the individual and society. Culture is too often cited as a defence against human rights by authoritarians who crush culture domestically when it suits them. In any case, which country can truly claim to...
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...September 9, 2009 Table of Contents The table of contents is empty because none of the paragraph styles selected in the Document Inspector are used in the document. Bibliography 25 Introduction Students of Church history are often puzzled by the sharp contrast between the Jewishness of the writers and events of the New Testament on one hand and the definitively non-Jewish character of the Early Church after the apostolic period on the other hand. An appreciation of the Jewish background of the Early Church and knowledge of the development of Jewish-Christian relations in the first three centuries of the Christian era is therefore crucial if one desires to understand the parting of ways between Judaism and Christianity. These two sister faiths would become bitter enemies within a few centuries after the emergence of the Christian faith. This paper, while heavily relying and interacting with primary sources of the time, will endeavor to highlight the Jewish origin of Christianity, trace its development within Judaism, and chronicle its inexorable divorce from its Jewish roots and sister faith. Setting the stage: the expansion of the Jewish Diaspora During the Persian occupation of Palestine (538-332 BC), many Jews decided to pass on the magnanimous offer of Cyrus allowing them to return to Palestine and chose to remain in Babylonia where subsequently, the Jewish population grew in influence over the centuries.1 Already during the Babylonian invasion and in the lifetime...
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...Religion 1 Religions of the World: Commonalities and Differences NAME HUM 400: Religion and Philosophy PROF December 5, 2010 Religion 2 Religions of the World: Commonalities and Differences Religion is a focal point across the world for discussion and even arguments as there are multiple crossroads and established beliefs that are practiced actively. The three primary religions that are widely renowned would be Christianity, Judaism and Islam simply because of the publicity and attention brought forward in religions’ behalf. The comparison and contrast of these three religions will be broke down in a manner that discusses the fundamental beliefs, prevalent practices within and the regions of which the religions are the most practiced. The religion of Christianity is known as a trinitarian monotheism where there is only one God and the practices take place within a church, chapel or even cathedral. Christianity is deemed to be revealed through various Prophets and even Jesus as it was shown to be recorded through in the Bible. The Bible is the holy testament of the trials and tribulations of Jesus, who was established to be the identified ideal for all mankind. The presentation of Christianity is that all of the population were to be treated as equals and in addition were to treat those surrounding them in a respectful and conscientious manner to honor the Bible. The regions of which Christianity is primarily the focused would include both South and North...
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