...As a matter of scholarship, civil wars lack the extensive breadth and volume of study that interstate conflict enjoys in international relations. This is especially surprising considering the remarkable longevity and death toll associated with intrastate wars. The Republic of Guatemala, a post-colonial representative democracy, is the most populous Central American country; incidentally, this nation of sixteen and a half million people have been wrought with the military and socio-political disputes provoked by the ethnic and socio-economic status of its citizens. The resulting civil war had been one of the most deadly and enduring military contests on the American continent. The fighting between the government and rebel groups lasted over...
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...The Cold War which lasted from 1947-1991 was waged around the policy of containment, the democratic idea to limit communism to the areas already under Soviet control. President Truman of the United States passed the Truman Doctrine whose foundation was in containment. America’s fear of communism was so great they implemented their policy across the globe. Throughout the Cold War, the United States never had physical confrontation with the Soviets, but America fought to end the spread of communism in China, Germany, Cuba, Guatemala, Korea, and Vietnam. The communist ideals of Karl Marx inspired revolutionaries in Russia, such as Vladimir Lenin, and his socialist reforms began to spread across Eastern Europe and Asia in the 1920s. Chinese...
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...Bronte Barnes 30. 4. 2016 Spanish 1 Guatemala Guatemala is country located in central American, surrounded by the waters of the Pacific and Caribbean. Its name comes from two Spanish meaning “the snake eating bird” and “land of the forest” which is derived in 1523, from one of the Mayan dialects spoken by indigenous people at the time of the of Spanish Conquest. Although it is still used by outsiders as well as citizens today, many descendants of the original still prefer to Identify themselves by he names of their specific language dialects instead. Persons of mixed or non-indigenous race and heritage may be called Ladino, a term that today indicates adherence to Western, as opposed to indigenous, culture patterns, and may be applied to acculturated Indians, as well as others. A small group of African–Americans, known as Garifuna, lives on the Atlantic coast, but their culture is more closely related to those found in other Caribbean nations than to the cultures of Guatemala itself (Richard Adams). The national culture was also influenced by it’s arrivals of different ethnic, such as Germans, Europeans and etc. This made the Country rich but also created histories of violence and wars. Unfortunately this help make the country poor. Hundreds of years ago, the Mayan Indian and other tribe that lived in villages and mountains made gorgeous clothing and textiles. Guatemala is also a country of tradition, and many Indians still wears the traditional costumes. Although there...
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...Guatemala is a country located in Central America. It has a population of about 15.47 million and the size of 42,043 square miles. Guatemala has many economic and social challenges. Its problems continue to grow. They have the fifth highest murder rate of any country in the world, and seventy five percent of its population are living below the poverty line. Children that are raised in Guatemala are accustomed to the idea that guns are normal, whether it is for protection or violence. “The number of serious crimes that go on, causes people to be afraid and to deem it necessary to carry weapons, like guns. For example, at local gas stations a security guard carrying a gun at the entrance to protect against the theft and crime that goes on (Elbein 1). Children may be getting accustomed to this, but they do not desire to live like this. Many of these children want to have a job that they can earn more than minimum wage. Unfortunately, for the majority of the children that is an unobtainable goal. This is why many children choose to leave the country. They want to live in a country where they are not struggling for every dollar, and they are not in constant danger. The consequences of the next generation of children emigrating could turn into a serious issue, as a result the population of...
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...In many South American countries, the twentieth century is known for its political instability and the dictatorship under dishonorable and deceitful rulers. Despite vast natural resources, many countries continue to struggle with the social consequences of widespread poverty and social depression. To top that, the countries Chile and Guatemala had to deal with the overthrowing of their government and leaders which ultimately led into a disruptive society and economy. Both leaders Salvador Allende and Jacobo Arbenz Guzman were viewed as deceiving and disorderly by outer countries, specifically the U.S. which helped with both rebellions. Salvador Allende and “the Road to Socialism” Salvador Allende’s original plan was to become a physician....
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...In this paper I will be arguing the importance for development efforts to specifically address the needs indigenous populations to promote sustainable livelihoods, while preserving their indigenous identities and rights.. These topics will be explored through a brief examination of the history on Guatemalan rights and discrimination, and through examining the evolution of corporate development efforts, NGO work and their involvement with the Maya. This paper will also discuss criticisms of current models. Key Words: Development, Indigenous Rights, Sustainable Livelihoods The Evolution of Economic and Rights-Based Development for the Indigenous Maya of Guatemala It is well established that indigenous populations tend to be disproportionately...
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...overview of the textile industries in two emerging countries: Guatemala and India. The document analyses, compares and contrast the differences in the institutional structures of both countries and offers specific details and analysis of the textile industries for local and international businesses. Guatemala Republic of Guatemala is located in Central America bordered by Mexico to the North, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, and Belize to the North East Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast. The country is mountainous with small desert and sand dune patches, having many hills filled with people, except for the south coastal area and the vast northern lowlands of Petén department. Two mountain chains enter Guatemala from west to east, dividing the country into three major regions: the highlands, where the mountains are located; the Pacific coast, south of the mountains; and the Petén region, north of the mountains. All major cities are located in the highlands and Pacific coast regions; by comparison, Petén is sparsely populated. These three regions vary in climate, elevation, and landscape, providing dramatic contrasts between hot and humid tropical lowlands and colder and drier highland peaks. Volcán Tajumulco, at 4,220 meters, is the highest point in the Central American states. Demographics Guatemala is a country of youth; 70% of its population is less than thirty years old. The capital city, Guatemala, is located in the geographical heart of the country and...
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...The Cold War and War on Terror were literally not any typical war that we witnessed throughout history. Although, they were unique and each had their own causes and effects, yet in some ways they are connected. In the Cold War, was a war between two superpowers enemies but no actual fighting occurred, however, there was a stockpile of nuclear weapons and money was being spent like an actually Wars being fought. This war causes a bipolar system in the world where there were two dominant powers fighting to become the dominant power. The Cold War was a real complicated war because it was more a fight about ideology, Democracy and Communism. The attacks of 9/11 that caused the death of 3000 Americans, have reshaped and changed the way Americans...
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...El Salvador, the smallest Central American country, has faced some of great challenges including civil war, gang violence, earthquakes, etc. There has been a lot of violence between gangs in El Salvador. These gangs are called ‘Mara Salvatrucha 13’ and ‘Barrio 18’, and they’ve also been fighting against government forces. As fighting between the two criminal groups has been rising in these recent months, so has the death toll in El Salvador. The gangs are fighting over control & power of the streets. One thing they already have is the fear of the people. Even if the people are not part of the conflict, they do have an important part in it. These indigenous people can’t defend themselves because they fear for their lives & also their relatives. They also live in poorly conditions. After the civil war that happen in 1980-1992, they have been living in extreme poverty. They live off on less than $1 per day in shelters without running water or electricity. They barely have access to health and education services. Violence spreads around El Salvador in both...
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...cultural values. Provide specific examples and justify your answer. Country selected: Guatemala There are two distinctly different cultures that very in their non-verbal use—the Ladinos of European descent and the Mayans. Differences in these sub-cultures of the Guatemalan culture are very important to know, especially when conducting business. Without knowing the culture of a country, business can be slow and sometimes offensive, making it a hard deal to close. Ladino Guatemalans come in very close contact and are very hands on in their approach. A kiss on the cheek along with firm handshakes, direct eye contact, and public displays of affection are very common. These personal non-verbal approaches reinforce the cultures value of family and personal relationships. In the Mayan culture, direct eye contact as well as touching can be seen as disrespectful to some. Also in direct opposition to the Ladinos, the Mayan culture has a very limp handshake, where a firm handshake is very uncommon. These non-verbal approaches reinforce the culture’s values of conservatism. Knowing such practices can be valuable to anyone who is visiting the country, especially business partners. Knowing such things will save you from offending others when you think that a firm handshake shows confidence and pride, where in their culture is offensive and awkward. Hand Gesture to Avoid in Guatemala: La Mano Caliente When most people think of nonverbal communication, gesturing immediately...
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...turmoil with their lack of leadership and cavalier approach to the market with little regard to international marketing rules. Under Investor and Daft, the company was involved in various issues such as, competition, water pollution & contamination; allegations of racial discrimination; misrepresentations of market tests; manipulation of earnings by inflating numbers; distribution & distributors; labor union conflicts; and health related issues of their product. Coca-Cola’s most significant Issues/Dilemmas – Union Relations People - the most valuable asset and resource of a company (Fulmer, 2014). In 1989, Coca-Cola was accused for the murder of 8 unionized workers employed at the Coca-Cola bottling plants in Colombia and Guatemala; allegedly forced 48 unionized workers into hiding and made death threats to a total of 65 other employees. The accusations against Coca-Cola were believed, by many, were the results of bullying union workers. The local union sought compensations for the families of the slain and displaced workers alleging the Company and its local bottlers were complicit in the intimidation and the deaths of the unionized...
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...From 1982-1983, President Efrain Ríos Montt executed one of the most brutal, scorched earth campaigns in modern Latin American history. Cultivating support not only among Guatemalan elites, but from transnational Evangelical networks and the Reagan administration, the dictator’s tenure is widely regarded as the most dangerous time in the protracted 35-year civil war. While a plethora of historians have studied the extent of the violence during Ríos Montt’s reign – the pressing question in the historiography is how Ríos Montt’s professed Pentecostal piety played a role in his administration. Among the myriad academics who have examined this question, David Stoll, Lauren Turek, and Patricia Harms illuminate the relationship between Ríos Montt’s...
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...and Mexican cartels take 30 to 40 billion. Big profits give cartels significant influence on both sides of the border. 23 million Americans use drugs on a monthly basis, and about half of all high school students have used illegal drugs.Mexican cartels are buying their products directly from cocaine producing locations. They are willing to go long distances to acquire raw material for the production of methamphetamine. Mexican cartel members have illicit drugs in Peru, Guatemala, Argentina, and Brazil. They have even been caught in Malaysia. Three Mexicans were arrested in Malaysia in 2008, after being found with 60 pounds of meth. Mexican cartels are looking for new markets to...
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...Stevenson Alben W. Barkley Vice President Richard Nixon Political Party Republican Domestic Happenings Korean War ends- the war ended on July 27th, 1953. 1954 Army-McCarthy hearings- a series of hearings held by the United States Senate'sSubcommittee on Investigations between April 1954 and June 1954. The hearings were held for the purpose of investigating conflicting accusations between the United States Army and Senator Joseph McCarthy. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas- declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional. 1955 Rosa Parks’ action leads to Montgomery Bus Boycott- changed history its lf for social structure and the treatment of blacks. 1956 Suez Crisis- a diplomatic and military confrontation in late 1956 between Egypt on one side, and Britain, France and Israel on the other, with the United States, the Soviet Union and the United Nations playing major roles in forcing Britain, France and Israel to withdraw. Federal Highway Act- authorization of 25 billion dollars for the construction of 41,000 miles (66,000 km) of the Interstate Highway System supposedly over a 10-year period, it was the largest public works project in American history through that time Civil Rights Commission created by Civil Rights Act of 1957- a bipartisan, independent commission of the U.S. federal government, created in 1957, that is charged with...
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...El salvador history was laborious, gruelling, and back-breaking. In 1821 at the time in central america was being ruled under spain. Long before spain even came into the picture there were there was one main tribe that lived in the el salvador area. The people of the that tribe were called the Paleo-Indian. Among the other countries in central america like Costa rica, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. El salvador declared its independence on September 15th, 1821. Due to the poor economy, the corrupt government, and society inequalities gave the people a reason to uprise against the government.This resulted in a 12 year long civil war against the government, this lasted until 1992 when the government signed a peace treaty ending the war against the civilians....
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