...Kakawate Leaf: An Effective Pesticide Worms, bugs and other rice pests are an enigma to many farmers as these are threats to rice production. To most farmers, commercial insecticides and pesticides are the most effective and readily available pest controls. What they don’t realize is that these cost them added expenses not to mention the bad effects of these chemicals to health and environment. Dr. Alfredo R. Rabena, head of the Research and Development Office of the University of Northern Philippines in Vigan City, Ilocos, has discovered a solution. He found that the leaves of kakawate tree or Mexican Lilac (Glinicidia sepium) contains coumarins, an effective botanopesticide. To prepare the solution, chop the kakawate leaves and let these soak overnight to extract coumarins. Using a strainer, separate the leaves from the solution. Spray the solution to the ricefields. The best time to apply it is from eight o’ clock to nine o’clock in the morning and from five o’clock to six o’clock in the afternoon as worms and pests are coming out from the leaves at these times. So the solution would be more effective to use. If applied early, it wouldn’t be that effective as pests are still hibernating. And if used when the sun’s heat is too hot, it wouldn’t be that effective also as pest would hide. Since kakawate is a legume, says Rabena, its leaves are rich in nitrogen, an important soil nutrient. Hence, the discarded leaves can be applied to the field as an organic fertilizer. He...
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...Introduction The gopher, also known as the Prairie Dog is one of the world’s pests. This small mammal has destroyed crops in a lot of counties. It feed on any grain or leaf plant it can eat. As a result people have trapped and shot these creature for many year. Size Gophers are a small, rabbit sized, mammal. They burrow their dens, or holes, in the soft dirt. The most common place to find them is in North Americas grass lands. They typically take to the fields where they can find food easily. Gophers usually travel and live in colonies, much like ants. And they only come out in the daylight. (Geographic, 1996-2014) (Gehmon) The Burrow Their burrows, or dens, is an extensive system of tunnels and chambers marked by mounds of dirt at the...
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...Cats are a very good companion for everyone; including the elderly, therefore everyone should own a cat or two. Two breeds of cats that make great pets are Burmese and Ragdoll. Cats are proven to help lower blood pressure and relieve stress; they are good companions for the elderly and are great low maintenance pets. Therefore, everyone should own a cat because cats are great stress relievers and help lower blood pressure, make good companions to the elderly, are an easy care pet, especially the Ragdoll and Burmese breeds. Two different breeds of cats that make great pets are the Burmese and the Ragdoll. Burmese cats are good family cats; they are great with children and dogs as well as other animals. Burmese are a talkative breed and...
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...popular pet is the domestic cat and there is believed to be close to half a billion domestic cats in the world today. 2. The history of domesticated cats however starts way back before the modern twenty-first century right to the beginning of known and recorded history. 3. In this presentation, I will be sharing about the history of domesticated cats. Body 1. Egypt. a. Although it has been commonly accepted that cats were first domesticated in ancient Egypt 4000 years ago, their history among human beings goes back much further. b. Wild cats are now known to have lived among the people of Mesopotamia over 100,000 years ago and to have been domesticated there approximately 12,000 BCE at about the same time as dogs, sheep, and goats. c. The cat’s association with ancient Egypt, however, is understandable as Egyptian culture was famous for its devotion to the cats. d. Cats in ancient Egypt were domesticated to control vermin which was harming crops and causing diseases. e. This therefore changed the quality of living for the Egyptians and cats became a sacred creature representing life. f. The goddess Bastet, commonly depicted as a cat or as a woman with a cat’s head, was among the most popular deities of the Egyptian pantheon. g. Cats were so passionately worshipped that the penalty in ancient Egypt for killing/injuring a cat was death. 2. Europe. h. In spite of the Egyptians' efforts to prevent the...
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...choice between two acts, the one that creates greater happiness for the greatest number of people should be chosen. This should be applied to non-human beings as well. Animals are essential in our everyday lives. They provide companionship, nourishment for our bodies and can provide amazement to our eyes when seen in their natural habitat. They are important in human life. They deserve respect. We as the superior being should make decisions for non-humans based on the utilitarianism approach creating greater happiness or good for the greater numbers. Our decisions based on this approach when making choices where non-humans are concerned will be a beneficial choice for both humans and animals. So what do humans and animals have in common? René Descartes, for instance, regarded animals as simply “physical bodies that lacked minds or souls; thus, animals were similar to organic machines.” (Mosser, 2013) This type of thought is also coincides with Western and Christian thinking. That is, all is ranked from highest to lowest. God and Angels are the highest with humans, animals and plants to follow in order. Present day this is conflicting to what Descartes thought. Research and connecting with animals is making that line more difficult. Where do we as humans draw that line when the ethical treatment of animals is concerned? Many cultures differ in this subject. For instance, bullfighting (the bull is ultimately killed brutually) is...
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...the environment, and there is no hope for ourselves.". In Cape Verde, animals that are used as means of food are left out in the outdoors to look for their own means of food; for example, animals like cows, goats and pigs. At times, they enter people’s agriculture property, or dig into people’s trash; which, causes the growth of flies and other insects, that might end up in our food. This is the major cause for disorder and pollution, not to forget these animals are later sold in the market, and served as a dish. I have witnessed goats eating plastic bags, which is hazardous not only for them, but for us as consumers. Cows are known to cross the roads when they well please, sometimes causing traffic and even accidents. People usually treat dogs as guard animals to protect the house and the property, cats...
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...bites on her thigh. 1. On the basis of the oral history, what is the most likely diagnosis? What would the causative agent look like with gram stain? Lyme Disease is the most likely diagnosis (3). Borrelia burgdorferi will show up pink with gram stain because it is gram – (1). 2. How did she most likely acquire her infection? She most likely acquired the infection from an Ixodes tick bit (deer tick) at summer camp (1). 3. Would the diagnosis be any different if she had attended camp in Arizona? Explain. She may have still gotten a tick bite, but not by the same type of tick (4). In Pennsylvania, it was more than likely by a deer tick, resulting in Lyme Disease (1). In Arizona, she could have made contact with a dog tick, resulting in Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (2). 4. Why does the doctor ask if her joints hurt? Lyme Disease causes inflammation of joints, which is a symptom of rheumatoid arthritis, which could develop from the disease if not treated properly in enough time (3). 5. How is this infection treated? Most cases can be treated with antibiotics,...
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...Lisa C. Litz Ramona Brockman Environmental Science February 18, 2014 Benchmark Part 1 Nature Observation ~ Pond and Surrounding Woods, West Pointe, CA Our favorite place for taking nature walks is in the woods surrounding my parent’s cabin in West Pointe, Ca. My daughter and I have been taking walks in the woods up there for over six years. We have seen a variety of different animals up there on our various outings depending on the time of year we’re up there and the time of day we take our walks. All of the plants and animals we’ve seen up there make up the biotic factors for this environment. There are a number of different species of trees and flowering plants around my parent’s cabin and the outlying trails we go exploring on. Even though there are a number of cabins up here, they haven’t really disturbed the environment to the point that it’s affected the number of different creatures that still wander through the woods. Besides all of the wonderful biotic factors we so enjoy up here there are also a few abiotic factors that interact with the wildlife. There is a slow running stream that runs between a few of the cabins, and then a couple of miles down the road there’s a large standing pond just off to the side of the road. The main abiotic factor is the sun, which is where all the living organisms derive their energy from. Energy is another abiotic factor. The plants derive energy directly from the sun, whereas the animals get their energy indirectly from the sun by...
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...The continent of Australia is home to some of the most rare and special wildlife in the whole world. Although some may think life in the harsh Australian outback is impossible, it thrives there. The uniqueness of Australian animals such as the kangaroo, koala, wombat, cassowary, dingo, kookaburra, platypus, Tasmanian devil wallaby and the echidna, make Australia a truly special place. Each of these animals has its own unique way of surviving and thriving. The Kangaroo is the most well known of these animals, and is the national animal of Australia. This marsupial got its name when the English settlers asked the aboriginals what the “jumping animal” was, and they answered, “kangaroo”, which means, “I don’t understand your question.” The kangaroo is a marsupial, which means that after a baby is born it spends several months in its mothers pouch developing more fully, since it is only one inch long when it is born. A baby kangaroo is called a joey, like all other baby marsupials. After about eight months in their mothers pouch, joeys climb out and start grazing by their mom’s side. These young kangaroos will only occasionally climb back into their mother’s pouches. Kangaroos graze like cows or horses on grasses, leaves and other small bushes and shrubs. They typically stay in small groups, but are sometimes seen in large groups called mobs. Down under, the adult males are called boomers, and the adult females are known as flyers. In its lifetime a kangaroo will...
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...Sierra Nevada Foothills Ecosystem Jamie Haymes, Clare Raimondo University of Phoenix BIO101 Travis Kibota Sierra Nevada Foothills Ecosystem The foothills of the Sierra Nevada are only a small section of the mountain range, encompassing the East and West slopes of the ranges in elevation from around 1,000 to 3,000 feet. The foothills are known as a biotic zone, one of five biotic zones, or ten if the person studying wishes to separate the Eastern side of the range from the Western side of the range. For our purposes, we will be including the Eastern and Western sides of the mountain range together as all being foothill zones. There are different types of species in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada; the producers, the consumers, and the decomposers. The Sierra Nevada Mountain Range’s foothills are at a low enough elevation that plant and animal life is adapted to hot, dry summers with very little or no snow in the winters. This type of dry climate leads to a lot of shrubbery and trees, which means there will be a large population of small animals and birds that will seek shelter in the shrubs and tree branches, as well as the larger animals that will feed on the plants and smaller animals. The plants that are typical to the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range are numerous, but the most notable are the chamise, ceanothus, manzanita, Blue oak tree, Interior Live oak tree, and the Gray pine tree (Encyclopedia Americana, 2006). Chamise belongs to the rose family...
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...|*Practice Questions Midterm #1 |[| | |p| | |i| | |c| | |]| | |[pic] | |[|[| |[pic] | |p|p|The statements with no multiple choice are True/False questions. Remember that in all true/false questions, if any part is false, the whole | | |i|i|thing is false. | | |c|c| ...
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...HINDUSTAN UNILEVER LIMITED (HUL) QUESTION 1. EXTERNAL ANALYSIS OF THE ORGANISATION HUL is one of the largest FMCG Company with more than 100 factories all over India. It is 75 year old and touches every second Indian’s life, out of three. Its mission statement is- “add vitality to life” (<http://www.hul.co.in/aboutus/introductiontohul/>) One of the most effective tools for analysing external environment of an organisation is PEST ANALYSIS. 1.POLITICAL FACTORS: These factors affect the organisation in many ways. Depending on the situation, these factors can generate opportunities for organisation or may be disadvantages too by imposing taxes and duties. Indian political system is going through various changes. In India, FMCG market can be categorised into rural and urban. Rural sector is mainly dependant on agriculture as its main source of living is with generally lower penetration levels and more unorganised part. Whereas, urban sector has high penetration levels and more spending power. That is why rural sector was the main area of focus for government for development in the recent past. There were many schemes run by government to generate employment and major investments were made in infrastructure development. Because of all this, there was an increase in disposable income level in rural sector and hence rise in FMCGs demand. (<http://www.hul.co.in/>) HUL has its own set standards to deal with political issues. It applies its rapport and experience to...
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...Pests (5 pts) Map the Chain of transmission for Lyme disease indicating the following: * Etiological agent- spirochetes from the genus Borrelia burgorferi. Reduction of host population will limit the number of ticks. I.e. limit deer and rodent population. * Reservoir- ticks. Kill ticks using environmental insecticides. * Transmission- bite from tick carrying the borrelia bacterium in its gut. Use of skin repellants. * Portal of entry- skin -wear long and long sleeved shirts. Wear light colored clothing. * Susceptible host- dogs, deers, rodents. Spray dogs and deers. Reduce population of rodents and deers in the wild. At each link insert some likely intervention that would prevent the development of Lyme disease. Food (5pts) List five consequences of under-nutrition? Osteoporosis, Intrauterine growth restriction, blindness from vitamin A deficiency, Kwashiorkor from protein deficiency, anemia from iron deficiency. If you had hamburger that you know to be tainted with E. coli and you were stuck in a cave with no other foods and no access to leaving the area for several days, would you eat the hamburger? I would eat the hamburger but only after I have taken measures to limit the amount of contamination I may be exposed to. What would do to make the hamburger safe to consume? To make the hamburger safe I would start by making a fire and cooking the hamburger, not only until the pink is not visible in the middle of the meat patty, but until it...
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...BROCK UNIVERSITY Final Examination Course: ERSC 1F90 Date of Examination: April 21, 2011 Time of Examination: 19:00-22:00 Number of Pages: 7 Number of Students: 468 Examination Time: 3 hours Instructor: Hess No examination aids other than those specified on the examination script are permitted. NO TEXTING!!! Use or possession of unauthorized materials or use of any device other than those specified will automatically result in the award of a ZERO GRADE for this examination. This means you should not have your mobile device out for ANY REASON!!! 1. 2. Answer ALL questions on the provided SCANTRON sheet. Please use a pencil. Turn in the question sheet AND SCANTRON sheet at the end of the examination. ######### Name ________________________ -P~.d. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. as + 1. The positive feedback mechanism in which a population falls below a threshold level, mutations proliferate due to reduced genetic diversity, and the population is further reduced is called: A) inbreeding depression B) toxic genetics C) environmental resistance D) dieback 2. About how much solar radiation is reflected back by the atmosphere of our planet? A) 25% B) 85% C)3% D) 5% 3. The correct order for layers of the atmosphere, from the top to the ground surface, is as follows: A) thermosphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, troposphere B) troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere C)...
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...and a massive fire destroyed the majority of the city. This era can be examined by studying London itself, events of the plague, and the incident of the fire. London during the mid-1660s was filthy; its streets were teeming with garbage, sewage, excrement, and other waste. The waste from the streets would end up going into the Thames river, contaminating it with garbage.i Among all of this trash, more than 460,000 people were living in loud, overcrowded, and unsanitary conditions in London.ii These people were also the ones who were using the contaminated river water for cooking, drinking, and bathing. For times in which a highly contagious plague (named the Black Death) was common, the tight and filthy conditions people lived in were not safe. The city’s streets were filled with rats and stray dogs and cats, which created the perfect setting for a massive outbreak of the disease. Also, not only did London have horrific conditions but its size, constant growth, and the different authorities responsible for its government also made it a greater problem than other towns.iii London, however, had endured several outbreaks of the plague before 1665, but it had been free of it for 10 years.iv Many Londoners in the spring of 1665 were predicting an outbreak to happen soon, despite 20 years being the average interval between plague outbreaks.v London in the summer of 1666, was going through another rough time. On top of its hot summer temperatures, the city was suffering through...
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