Free Essay

Comparison of Two Colonies

In:

Submitted By quentinpaul
Words 1405
Pages 6
AMH 2041

Comparison Of Two Colonies

North American history was believed to have started in 1620 with the discovery of Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts. Seeking religious freedom from the corrupt Church of England, some 100 people departed on a journey from England to find a place where they could practice their beliefs of Calvinism and Lutheranism free from persecution2. They later formed denominations of Christianity called Separatism and Puritanism3. Although, these pilgrims established 13 original colonies in North America, the settlements of Virginia and Massachusetts show some striking similarities and differences. On one hand, religion as the major motivation, and on the other hand a financial venture sponsored by the queen.

Massachusetts was given its name from a man named John Smith, an English explorer and was named after the native Massachusetts tribe that resided in the area. Other native tribes in the area were the Nauset, a fishing tribe located on Cape Cod; the Wampanoag in the southeast; the Massachusetts in the northeast; the Nipmuc, centrally; and the Pocumtuc, westward. Without their knowledge, Permanent English settlement would soon drastically impact the lives of the native peoples2.

In 1630, Massachusetts Bay Colony was developed and occupied about 1,000 citizens. John Winthrop, the chief figure of the New England Puritans, gave a sermon called “A Model of Christian Charity,” suggesting ideas that the people should find a sense of community with God and one and other, and divinely build a city on a hill as their next course of action. Many people saw Winthrop as a father figure in New England as well as a social reformist and visionary, as he was elected 12 times to be governor3. Church and religion were a major part of the settlers’ everyday lives. Predestination and morality are what was actively preached. They believed if certain things weren’t practiced, the whole community would feel the wrath of God3.

Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson were also prominent figures in the development of religion in Massachusetts3. Williams was a Puritan minister who founded a colony in Rhode Island. His views and beliefs in separation of church and state conflicted with the strong religious and traditional values of Massachusetts; therefore he was banished from the town. Hutchinson was a midwife and nurse who proclaimed that she had the ability to speak with God directly. Like Williams, she was also fault-finding of the Puritan way and was forced to leave. Williams and Hutchinson both were influential enough to have followers into Rhode Island3.

One historical phenomenon in this era was the Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692 where 19 men and women were hanged from accusation of bewitchment4. Anyone thought to be of demonic possession, even the mentally ill, were tried by judicial means and if found guilty, were hanged for the townspeople to see. The people of Massachusetts were so strong rooted in their Puritan beliefs that they believed this was the only course of action to rid of these evils to protect the town and its people4.

An establishment of a true government did not come until 1776 when the colonies declared independence from England but during the 1600s, government in came in the form of theocracy and self-government5. Mercantilism was the means operation for the colonies as these they were only built to make England much wealthier. Each of the original 13 colonies had a charter, or a written agreement between the colony and the English Parliament5. This meant that even though the Puritans left England, England still had some control over them. Only males who owned property were allowed to vote but governors were chosen by the king. England controlled trade and taxation but soon faced problems with colonists smuggling and trading goods behind its mother country’s back5.

Religion was such a major part of Massachusetts during this time that it was even integrated into the legal system. The governors and authority figures did not believe in separation of church and state so majority of the laws were based on their religious beliefs6. For example, the Massachusetts Education of Law 1642 stated that all citizens must attend Puritan church services. The legal system could be comparable to that of a monarchial system. There was no room for debating or input of ideas. What laws were enforced upon the public had to be followed or serious consequences would follow6. On the “Instruction for the Punishment of Incorrigible Children in Massachusetts,” the colony declared that if any child above 16 years of age were to disrespect their parents by stubbornness and acts of rebellion, he or she would be put to death6.

Religion and politics helped to develop the social aspect of Massachusetts Bay Colony. There were many social constraints from appropriate dress to consumption of alcohol. All colonists were expected to carry a godly and holy demeanor and were held to high social standards3. Different occupations included fishermen, shipbuilding, hunting, lumberjack, and special skills and trades like blacksmith or seamstress. The social structure of the colony included the upper class, which consisted of the clergy, professors, and men of distinguished professions; the middle class, which had most of the colonists, especially traders, shopkeepers, and farmers; and the lower class who fell to some type of enslavement5.

Although the Pilgrims landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts, their intention was actually to find Virginia1. After settlers finally arrived in Jamestown which was named after King James of England, religious, political, and social developments created a new history. Unlike the people of Massachusetts, Virginians started to practice Anglicanism and they did not believe in a central church authority7. There was also a little more religious tolerance in this town as Anglicans allowed for other practices of Christianity and there was peaceful religious diversification. However, they did not find peace with spiritual practices of African-Americans and Native Americans. Ministers and church people failed to convert the non-believers in the beginning but and chose to ignore, instead of persecuting them7. Faith was more of a family affair and private matters were sermons were discussed within the family group. Virginians had a moderate faith overall and church was more of a social gathering7. This religious lifestyle was much different than the strict views of the Massachusetts townspeople.

The colonial period in Virginia had its origin at Jamestown in 1607, and was founded by the Virginia Company of London. The Virginia Company of London was a group of investors who hoped to profit from the new environment. In 1609, a second royal charter arrived in order to provide ultimate political control from the crown. Virginias first two governors were Thomas West and Baron De La Warr, who achieved a strict set of rules. As a royal colony, Virginias politics operated as a "semi-military dictatorship“ in the fact that governors were elected by the crown.

To sum up, the colonies of Massachusetts and Virginia had their major difference in the sense of religion on one hand, and financial motivation on the other. Massachusetts was a charter colony, and therefore, able to determine their own governor. However, Virginia was much more under the influence of the queen, who took care of appointing a governor herself. These two english colonies are a good examples of how different people were thinking at that time. At one colony, religion is set by law and if you do not belief or behave in the same way you are punished to death. On the other side, Virginia handled the religion aspect much different. As an international student from Germany, I learned a lot about american and european history throughout this essay. It is interesting to see how America developed and what it became after its revolutionary war.

Works Cited

[1] Wolfe, Brendan, ed. Encyclopedia Virginia. 2012. s.v. "Colonial Virgina." http://encyclopediavirginia.org/Colonial_Virginia (accessed October 19, 2013).

[2] History.com, "The Pilgrims." Accessed October 19, 2013. http://www.history.com/topics/pilgrims.

[3] Andy, Crown. "Religious Tolerance in Colonial Massachusetts." Accessed October 19, 2013. http://www.andycrown.net/religious_tolerance.htm.

[4] Salem Witch Museum, "Salem's Most Visited Museum." Last modified 2012. Accessed October 19, 2013. http://www.salemwitchmuseum.com/education/.

[5] American Government. Philadelphia: 2008. s.v. "The Colonial Experience."

[6] QuaQua, "Massachusetts Bay Colony." Accessed October 19, 2013. http://www.quaqua.org/pilgrim.htm.

[7] The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. 2013. s.v. "Colonial Williamsburg." http://www.history.org/almanack/life/religion/religionva.cfm (accessed October 19, 2013).

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Chesapeake Colonies Dbq

...English origin, they developed into two distinct societies by the 1700’s, as their individual approaches to settlement differed, indicated by their unique motives for colonization, the impact of economy on social dynamics, as well as contrasting political structures. The differing original intentions around colonization for the Northeastern and Chesapeake colonies significantly contributed to the distinct development of the two regions, as their motivations impacted the cornerstone of their efforts, allowing distinct aspects of civilization to develop within the two regions. Seeking and desiring religious freedom, the Puritans, or original settlers of the Northeastern...

Words: 957 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

The First Four Colonies, Compair and Contrast

...The Jamestown in Virginia colony encountered many devastating problems when trying to colonize in comparison with the other New World colonies. Problems such as starvation, sickness, lacking sufficient skills to farm or even hunt, and murder from the local Indians nearly extinguished the entire colony. Some of the food that was brought to the colony was sent home with other explorers, leaving those behind without much food. Many of the colonist resorted to cannibalism to satisfy their hunger. John Smith stated in his letter to the Virginia Company, “and we are more than two hundred to live upon this: the one half sick, the other little better,” I feel that he wrote this to express the significance of the diminishing health amongst the colonist. The need for competent workers in carpentry, farming, fishing, masonry, and several other skills prevented the colony from growing and sustaining themselves. Due to the lack of food and the declining health, they were too weak to defend themselves against the Indian attacks. A clear presence of order and leadership was not regained until Sir Thomas Gates enacted Martial Law. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was well led and organized before they even made the trip across the Atlantic to the New World. In comparison to the Jamestown’s Martial Law, John Winthrop organized the Puritans in such a way as to prepare them for how they should interact with one another, work, and most of all practice there faith. Strict religious faith...

Words: 472 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Jamestown Vs Massachusetts Bay Essay

...In comparison and contrast for the two major British colonies were formed in North America, Jamestown and Massachusetts Bay they have multiple characteristics on what makes them different from each other, Also what makes them comparison. Jamestown was hungry for gold and sacrificed a lot to try and get it. The Massachusetts Bay was in search for religious freedom. Polar opposite backgrounds but formed by the British colonies. To contrast Jamestown from The Massachusetts Bay; Jamestown came from a group of men calling themselves the Virginia company of London. In 1607 the Virginia Company had high expectations of making a profit with gold and silver discoveries. Colonists added 104 males searching to carve a fortune, not starting a new life...

Words: 829 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

American Civil Wars

...Comparison between the French and Indian War, the American Revolution, and the War of 1812 Name Institution Comparison between the French and Indian War, the American Revolution, and the War of 1812 Wars are a major part of history today, just like before. Wars have been used to show strength and domination in the past. In America for example, three of the most notable wars include the French and Indian war, the war of 1812 and the American Revolution. These are some of the wars that involved European nations in American soil and the struggle for ownership of the American continent. In this essay, the focus will be on the comparison between the wars mentioned. In my opinion, the wars were all part of a sequence of events that lead to the development of the United States of America as a nation. The French and Indian war was the earliest of the three wars. It happened between the year 1756 and 1763 (Boot, 2014). It, therefore, took seven years for the war to end. Participants in the war were majorly the French on one side and the British on another side. The British outnumbered the French, and, therefore, the French depended on the help of the Indian natives of America to fight the British. For that reason, and considering that King George had been involved in another war in the 1940s, it was named by the opponents of the British who were the French in collaboration with the Indians. The war was also called the North American Theatre of the Seven Years War between France...

Words: 940 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Compare And Contrast Jamestown And Plymouth

...“Among the natural rights of the colonists are these: First a right to life, secondly to liberty, and thirdly to properly; together with the right to defend them in the best manner they can.” Colonies are either established to open a chapter for better or for worst. This all depends on the leader and what they have to offer for the colony's future. Jamestown and Plymouth were two colonies that were established by two different kind of men. Meaning that they saw the world in diffrent ways and usually had different viewpoints which distinguished one another. Jamestown was a business venture, not a place to raise a family. This town only consisted of just men that were known to be colonists. The Jamestown colony was used to make money for the...

Words: 436 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Chesapeake and New England Colonies Comparison

...Chesapeake and New England colonies Comparison During the early 16th century and into the early 17th century, European colonies rapidly colonized the newly found Americas. England in particular sent large groups to the east coast of North America to two separate regions, which would later become known as the Chesapeake and New England areas. The Chesapeake region included Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and the New Jerseys. The New England region of the colonies included Rhode Island, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay Colony, New Haven, and Connecticut. Eventually in the late 1700’s these two regions would come together to form one nation. Both regions were very different and did not share many common ideas. They were different in their views and beliefs on religion, economy, and motives for colonial expansion. In 1609 a group of settlers, led by Captain John Smith, founded Jamestown which became the first colony to thrive and prosper in the New World. The main goal of these Chesapeake settlers was to make money by finding gold, silver, or anything else that they could take back to England and make a profit on. Another goal of theirs was to find a northwest passage to Asia. The New Englanders were mostly puritans who first settled in Plymouth and were driven to the New World in hopes of religious freedom. New Englanders wanted to escape religious persecution rather than make money and grow a rich economy. The living situations between the two colonies were extremely different...

Words: 713 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Comparison of the Chesapeake and the New England Colonies

...Although the majority of the North American East Coast was settled primarily by English during the 17th century, the way of life and development politically, economically, and socially greatly differed, depending on where one had settled. The New England and Chesapeake colonies, both primarily comprised of English settlers, contrasted in that of their motivation for settlement, as well their style of governance, allowing for the creation and development of two distinct societies. The New England colonies, mainly composed of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut, consisted of groups that had essentially settled for religious reasons, mainly the Puritans, and Pilgrims. In the Chesapeake colonies, composed of Virginia and Maryland, reasons for settlement mainly alluded to economic advancements and prosperity. The main dividing factors that caused the difference and distinction between the two societies were not limited to the reason for settlement, but in fact were also heavily by the social makeup of the settlers, which varied based on the motivation of the settlements as well. The New England colonies settlement was fundamentally based on religion. The settlers, possessing strong ties to religion, had left England behind due to conflicting views with the Anglican Church. Puritans led their lives based on strong beliefs, such as predestination, believing God already determined belief that one being saved. As they settled, they believed that God had expected...

Words: 1058 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Benjamin Franklin

...Home Discover History Articles Notable Mayflower Descendants Pilgrim Biographies Commemorations Pilgrim Memorials Around the World The Society How to Join Society Information SMDPA News Newsletter JR PA Mayflower Newsletter For Teachers & Students Links Contact Membership Info Apply Now Eligibility & How To Join Proving Your Lineage Passenger List About the SMDPA Donate Contact Us Discover History Articles Comparing Plymouth and Jamestown Comparing Plymouth and Jamestown Written by Robert Jennings Heinsohn 1. Introduction Pilgrim families arrived in Holland in the spring of 1608 and in Plymouth in December 1620. In May 1607, 105 men arrived in Jamestown to establish the first permanent English settlement in North America. While the individuals in both settlements were English, the they were different in many important ways. To fully appreciate our Pilgrim heritage, it is important to understand the differences between Plymouth and Jamestown. This essay identifies major differences and explains how these differences affected the settlements during the first few decades of their arrival. 2. Royal Charters and Patents Sir Humphrey Gilbert c. 1539-1583 Early Efforts to Colonize North America Queen Elizabeth granted a patent (Royal Charter) to Sir Humphrey Gilbert (half brother of Sir Walter Ralegh) who led an expedition to Newfoundland in 1583 and claimed it for England. For the next thirty years he tried, but without success,...

Words: 8670 - Pages: 35

Premium Essay

Molecular Genetics Recombination

...of a specific metabolite. The Lac operon is responsible for the cleaving of the disaccharide lactose into two products. A myriad of components control the expression of the Lac operon when two conditions are met. First, the substrate, lactose, must be present. Second, no better substrate for example, glucose, is present (2). The three structural genes in the Lac operon are lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The gene lacZ encodes the tetramer, ß-galactosidase, which is responsible for hydrolyzing the ß-1,4 glycosidic linkage between galactose and glucose in lactose. The transport of lactose into the cell via the enzyme lactose permease is encoded by the gene lacY. The lacA gene encodes the enzyme, galactoside transacetylase, a trimer that transfers an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to galactosides. Activation of these genes is dependent on the activity of a promoter and three operators based on the nutritional and environmental conditions available to the cell. The lac operon is a negatively controlled inducible operon that utilizes the product of the regulator gene lacI, to repress RNA polymerase from transcribing the lacZYA genes. The three operators involved in the lac operon: O1, O2, and O3 serve as binding sites for lacI and when bound repression is exhibited. Originally, the Jacob-Monod model of the Lac operon proposed only one operator existed. However, with the discovery of two additional operators (O2 and O3), Benno Müller-Hill and associates demonstrated...

Words: 10690 - Pages: 43

Premium Essay

A Comparison of the Founding Documents for the United States of America

...A Comparison of the Founding Documents for the United States of America Liberty University A Comparison of the Founding Documents for the United States of America This document will provide a brief comparison and synopsis of some of the most important writings of our time: The Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson’s letter to the Danbury Baptists, and the U.S. Constitution. Also, this will be an analysis of what I believe the signers of the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution thought about the separation of church and state, as well as God from government. The Declaration of Independence was written on July 4, 1776 by Thomas Jefferson. Its purpose was to officially separate the colonies from Great Britain and the tyrant of a king. In doing so, Jefferson lists out 27 reasons why they should separate, with the three main points being, “All men are created equal…, All men have some rights given to them by God…, That among these rights are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” (Carr, 2015). Therefore when the government infringes on these rights, the people of the county have the right to make changes or get rid of it, in this case, the King and Great Britain altogether. Some examples of the King of Great Britain’s wrongdoings were that “he interfered with the people’s rights to self-govern and for a fair judicial system… imposed taxes without their consent… and cut off trade with all parts of the world” (Jefferson, 2015). The end result of...

Words: 1147 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

A Nation Should Require All of Its Students to Study the Same National Curriculum Until They Go to College

...curriculum is an important strategy to promote integration among different ethnic groups in a country. For example, France used to have lots of colonies through the history. Some of its colonies, such as Tunisia and Senegal, locate in Africa; and some colonies such as the Martinique Islands, locate in Latin America. In order to unify the cultural differences as well as consolidate the French political power in these areas, the French government imposed that all the primary and middle schools in the colonized areas should teach in French, and all other languages including the native ones were not allowed in schools. In this way, students in the colonies grew up under the French educational system, and they are also free to pursue higher education or to find a job in France. This policy made people in the colonies feel themselves as a member of France, thus has contributed to the integration across regions. Moreover, setting standard national pre college curriculum can facilitate the colleges’ or Universities’ admission committees to find out the best candidates. For instance, with the same national curriculum, a professor from the Department of Mathematics in Havard University can select the best candidates according to their grades in Algebra, Geometry and Probability. As the courses are the same across the country, it is easier to make the comparison among students, thus facilitate the selection procedure. Otherwise, if one school only teaches their students...

Words: 531 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Lancaster Colony Marketing Plan Case Analysis

...Marketing Plan Case Analysis of Lancaster Colony Corporation Marketing Plan Case Analysis of Lancaster Colony Corporation Lancaster Colony Corporation is a manufacturer and marketer of consumer products, such as specialty foods, glassware and candles. Lancaster Colony Corporation began in 1961, when several small glass and related housewares manufacturing companies combined. In 1969, Lancaster Colony Corporation went public and entered the specialty foods market with the purchase of the T. Marzetti Company. Since that time, Lancaster Colony Corporation, which is based in Columbus, Ohio, has seen the most growth from the specialty foods division (Lancaster Colony.com, 2012). Lancaster Colony Corporation specialty foods division produces and sells foods consisting of salad dressings, sauces, fruit glazes, vegetable dips, fruit dips, Greek yogurt vegetable dips, frozen breads, dinner rolls, sweet rolls, biscuits, dry egg noodles, frozen specialty noodles and pasta, croutons and related products, and caviar under multiple brands names (Lancaster Colony.com, 2012). The division markets its products through sales personnel, food brokers, and distributers to retail, club store, foodservice, and industrial markets (Yahoo Finance.com, 2012). The external environmental analysis will consist of general environmental analysis, industry analysis, and market analysis. One factor of the general environmental analysis that affects the Lancaster Colony Corporation Specialty Foods Division...

Words: 3285 - Pages: 14

Premium Essay

Comparing Captain John Smith And William Bradford

...soldier. William Bradford was an English Puritan .They both were two guys that went through some difficulties. Went through something that today is not that well known. They have similarities but they also have differences which have them acting or taking different actions. One way to compare John Smith and William Bradford is that they established colonies and through their writings, they hoped to attract more settlers that were relatable to them. They both wrote about their experience in America and were Europeans,and also they desired to settle the land. The settlers liked one more than the other,but because of their differences. They had to deal and suffer through so much. They...

Words: 379 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Puritans In The Massachusetts Bay Colony

...the thousands to the American colonies, although well after the Pilgrims. Pilgrims came to the colonies in small numbers. 102 Pilgrims boarded the Mayflower after fleeing Holland, and endured a rough winter on the stony coast of New England in the year 1620. Separatist pilgrims were more extremist Puritans who separated completely from the Church of England and moved to the American colonies for religious refuge. The Mayflower Compact was written by the 102 pilgrims aboard the Mayflower. Before disembarking, the pilgrims wrote up the document, which was essentially an agreement to form a government in Plymouth in which the majority rules....

Words: 1743 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

European Imperialism: The Impact Of European Colonization Of Africa

...from various countries attended and agreed to notify all participating countries of any new African conquests Europe’s colonizing nations felt attracted to Africa for its natural resources. Europe's industrialization required raw materials to continue, and many of its countries were also interested in civilizing and converting Africans to Christianity, and ending the slave trade. Unfortunately, one crucial result of the European migration of Africa was the mistreatment of Native Africans by colonizers. The Belgian Congo is one example of the abuses of native Africans by European settlers. Leopold II of Belgium had been entrusted of getting the Belgian Congo colony up and starting. However, through this, Leopold allowed the natives to be treated like animals and slaves. Although they began to end slavery, Europe's colonies increased the trade of slaves in early...

Words: 840 - Pages: 4