...they speak? Attitudes, habits, behaviour, characteristics?Are the characters stereotyped or individualized?`Round´ (complex, many-sided) vs. `flat´ (one-sided, stereotyped) characters (= does the character change or develop? How?) What are the relationships / interactions between the characters? | Protagonist | Antagonist | | | | | | Setting (the background against which the story unfolds)When does the action take place – past / present / future – season, year, period? What is the time span of the story?Are there any jumps in time (flashbacks / flash forwards)?Place? House, outside, town, countryside? One place or several? Is the setting important for the plot or secondary?Environment / milieu (social class, traditional or modern society, modern life vs. old-fashioned, etc.)?Lifestyle, norms, values | | | Setting (the background against which the story unfolds)When does the action take place – past / present / future – season, year, period? What is the time span of the story?Are there any jumps in time (flashbacks / flash forwards)?Place? House, outside, town, countryside? One place or several? Is the setting important for the plot or...
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...Education Choices Students today have so many options to enhance their education. While traditional education has advantages for the students, online education can have the same components and techniques just in a different method of teaching. Online education better prepares a colleague for their future by offering smaller student to teacher ratios and tailoring materials to the student's specific interests; however, traditional school education prepares a colleague to interact with groups of other students and learn social skills and conflict resolution, through sports or other outside activities. Each education method has advantages and disadvantages for students to choose the best education for each individual needs. The students can compare and contrast the pros and cons of each educational method to make the best choice about their education. During the early years in the 1950’s, it was the traditional school education or the option to have no education for the students to choose for their future. This was the only option because of the lack of technology that was available to the economy to do the online education. Today we are more advanced in technology and still growing in this category. The first advantage of the traditional students had been that they were able to learn to socialize with other students. Socialization is a very important learning ability to learn in the traditional school environment that will be effective throughout life. This helps students in...
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...Unit 7 Assignment Introduction to Management By Jill Gazelle According to our reading, distinguishing between traditional and team environments is pretty easy. Traditional managers plan and determine the work in a team environment both managers and team members jointly determine the planned work. Traditional jobs are narrowly defined and team jobs require broad skills and knowledge. Cross training in traditional roles is viewed as inefficient in a team environment cross training is the normal standard. With the traditional environment most of the information is considered the property of the management in team environment most information is freely shared at all levels. The traditional management environment focuses training on technical skills, the team environment allows continuous learning and requires interpersonal, administrative and technical training for all. Risk taking in the traditional environment is discouraged but the team environment measures risk taking and is encouraged and supportive. Traditional people work alone, team people work together. Traditional jobs are narrowly defined but team environments require broad skills and knowledge. Traditional rewards are based on individual performance, team awards are based on contributions to the overall team along with individual performance. Traditional managers determine the best methods verses the team environment where everyone works to continuously improve methods and processes. (Sayles...
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...Macys 2 Stress is a common problem that we all face at one time or another. A limited amount of stress can be expected among employees but when you start to see changes in performance and attitude, it may be time to address the issue. As a leader, it is up to you to decide at what point that this needs to be done. Macy’s employees are more likely to face a number of stressors associated with being in retail. The first dimension is schedule unpredictability defined as the extent to which employees have limited advance notice of their work schedules and difficulty counting on or anticipating the days, shifts, and number of hours they will work each week. The second dimension is excessive demands where employees are overburdened with work. Decision need to be made about what practical solutions will be used in the workplace to prevent, eliminate or minimize the effect of work related stressors. Unpredictable scheduling Macy’s will use these techniques to reduce or lessen the stressors of unpredictable work schedule for their employees. Chain retail store must consider how to provide the best service to meet consumer demands and provides full time availability. Providing work schedules including overtime schedules in advance. This principal benefits the regularity and certainty for the worker. Minimizing changes to previously assigned schedules. Give notice of how many hours of work will be assigned. These solutions will provide more predictability and more opportunities for...
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...United States Navy. This paper will also examine contemporary, traditional, , and emerging leadership theories which will describe the best leadership characteristics in terms of leadership style. We will discuss interpersonal forms of power, showing how the characteristics impact performance. Organizational stress will be examined to determine the likely impact on performance as well as how they can be addressed. Potential sources of conflict within the group or unit and communication barriers will be discussed to show how they impact the organization. Traditional, Contemporary, and Emerging Leadership Theories There are many different types of leadership styles from traditional, contemporary and emerging theories. The traditional styles of leadership are autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire. An autocratic, is most typically a type of leader who has a negative stereotype of subordinates and perceives them as lazy, irresponsible, etc., tends to lead by control and coercion. The democratic leadership style is much different from an autocratic leader where a leader who has a more positive attitude toward subordinates will adopt a participative leadership style in such ways as they will collaborate with their employees. A democratic will receive team input and promotes group discussion. They encourage employees to work without restriction with each other in a group setting and give them the decision-making power. A challenge facing Democratic...
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...was should I attend an online school or go to a traditional school? There two choices when looking to obtain a college education; the choices are online education or a traditional education. Online and traditional educations have many similarities but their differences with classroom settings, classmate interaction, and the instruction methods can be difficult for many people. The most important difference of online and traditional education would be the classroom setting. Online classes are defined as courses that are offered primarily or exclusively through the Internet. (Blank, 2012) Online students can learn from anywhere, they have access to a computer with Internet access. A student can turn in homework, take an exam and listen to a lecture while at home, traveling with the family or even sitting in the waiting room of a doctor's office. Students can complete their classwork at any time of day to fit any schedule. An online education may be best for you if you are a single parent, have a busy schedule, or you want to learn at your own pace. Some online learners may find online classes boring and have difficulty concentrating on the material that needs to be remembered. For these students a traditional education may be a better match. Traditional classes are taught in a classroom setting. With traditional education, you are going to a designated classroom and at precise dates and times. Students who choose a traditional education will have to schedule work, appointments...
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...Daycare: Good or Bad? Hope Plummer English 122: English Composition 2 Instructor Larry Holden 3/02/2014 Daycare: Good or Bad? In this day and age, more women are becoming more active in the workplace which forces them to leave their children in a daycare atmosphere. The first few years of a child's life are detrimental to their development. In general, traditional daycare settings do not have a reputation for being emotionally healthy, so we must ask ourselves the question, is public daycare worth the risks? In this paper, I will provide compelling examples as to why I believe public daycare settings are unhealthy for positive cognitive and social development as well as my suggestions for what type of childcare would be healthier. One of the reasons parents opt to keep their children out of daycare is due to the amount of germs their child will get exposed to on a daily basis. 'Children in day care centers are more likely to catch an infection than kids who do not attend day care. Children who go to day care are often around other kids who may be sick.'(Kaneshiro, 2012) This is partly due to the high number of children in each classroom and caregivers not using the proper sanitary actions necessary with high volumes of children. There are simply too many children to look after. This leaves many classes understaffed. I personally worked at a daycare for a decent amount of time and I can vouch for that fact firsthand. There...
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...Organizational Trends Nathaniel Benson, Felton Wells, Kevin Harring, William Kindred MGT/307 February 17, 2011 Charles Parnell Organizational Trends Team B entered discussion concerning organizational trends. Within the discussion the team came to a consensus about its thoughts toward organizational trends. In this paper we will describe the characteristics of high performance workplaces and organizations, discuss how high performance workplaces and organizations differ from traditional organizations in terms of operational effectiveness, workplace stress, and organizational dynamics. We will then compile strategies for managing workplace stress, and evaluate emerging trends in organizational behavior related to high performance workplaces and stress management techniques. Although each organization has its own way of doing things, trends in high performance workplaces and organizations differ from traditional organizations in terms of operational effectiveness, workplace stress, and organizational dynamics. High Performance Workplace and Organization Characteristics Organizations consist of many characteristics of high performance. A few of these characteristics consist of work clarity, and a capability assessment. Work clarity consists of making sure every employee understands why the organization exists and what is important. The process makes it clear to all employees in the organization, what business the larger or parent organizations are in and...
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...Organizational Behavior An Evidence-Based Approach Twelfth Edition Fred Luthans George Holmes Distinguished Professor of Management, University of Nebraska Me Graw Hill Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, IA Madison, Wl New York San Francisco St. Louis Bangkok Bogota Caracas Kuala Lumpur Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi Santiago Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto Contents About the Author Preface v PART ONE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT Evidence-Based Consulting Practices 1 iv Organizational Behavior Case: Conceptual Model: Dream or Reality? 30 Chapter 2 Environmental Context: Globalization, Diversity, and Ethics 31 1 Learning Objectives 31 Globalization 31 Diversity in the Workplace 34 Chapter 1 Introduction to Organizational Behavior: An Evidence-Based Approach 5 Learning Objectives 5 The Challenges Facing Management 6 Undergoing a Paradigm Shift 8 A New Perspective for Management 10 Evidence-Based Management 12 Historical Background: The Hawthorne Studies Reasons for the Emergence of Diversity 35 Developing the Multicultural Organization 38 Individual Approaches to Managing Diversity 39 Organizational Approaches to Managing Diversity 41 Ethics and Ethical Behavior in Organizations 46 47 The Impact of Ethics on "Bottom-Line " Outcomes 13 The Illumination Studies: A Serendipitous Discovery 13 Subsequent Phases of the Hawthorne Studies 14 Implications of the Hawthorne Studies 15 Research Methodology to Determine Valid Evidence...
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...of a ghost" written in 1965 may be interpreted differently by two different readers. The dilemma of a ghost was written by Ama Ata Aidoo, a Ghanaian writer who portrayed some form of tension between the communal and traditional Ghanaian value system and the individualistic american culture. The text may be interpreted differently by two different readers as a result of the different culture, time setting and language. The two different readers' assumptions may not be wrong as they both have different cultures, different time settings as well as different languages and may therefore see things differently. This is the reason why writers ensure that their messages are conveyed effectively taking the differences of their prospective readers into consideration. Firstly, the difference in interpretations of the text by two different readers could be as a result of culture. In the novel, The Dilemma of a Ghost, the West African Culture is predominantly portrayed and as a result any African that may pick the book may easily relate to the book. The novel is about a young Ghanaian man, Ato, who returns to his home from the United States of America with an African-American wife called Eulalie. Ato had not consulted his family about the marriage, this creates a conflict between the two cultures. In the West-African culture, the elderly women in the family pick the man or woman their grandchild will marry as it is believed that they know what is best for the child and as a result , it...
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...Online vs. Traditional Education Have you ever had the opportunity to take online classes? Have you even heard of online classes? If you haven’t, you are missing out on a great opportunity. Online education is rapidly becoming a popular alternative to traditional education. It is offering more flexibility for students and providing individuals with better opportunities for postsecondary education. Even though traditional education has been the only form of education for hundreds of years, online education offers a new and improved style of learning. When people think of education, they think of a classroom filled with desks, paper, books, and other students. After all, this is how humans have been taught for generations. This is an example of traditional education. Traditional education is when students attend a school and are taught in a formal classroom setting. There is an instructor that teaches the class by giving demonstrations or by lecturing. It allows the students to have face-to-face interaction with the instructor or their fellow students. Traditional education has never been very flexible. There are scheduled times for class and working around that schedule can prove to be difficult. Often times, life events can conflict with the class schedule. This can cause students to miss class and fall behind in their work. While traditional education is not very flexible, online education is. Online education is the use of technology to share educational...
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...Organizational Behavior An Evidence-Based Approach Twelfth Edition Fred Luthans George Holmes Distinguished Professor of Management, University of Nebraska Me Graw Hill Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, IA Madison, Wl New York San Francisco St. Louis Bangkok Bogota Caracas Kuala Lumpur Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi Santiago Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto Contents About the Author Preface v PART ONE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT Evidence-Based Consulting Practices 1 iv Organizational Behavior Case: Conceptual Model: Dream or Reality? 30 Chapter 2 Environmental Context: Globalization, Diversity, and Ethics 31 1 Learning Objectives 31 Globalization 31 Diversity in the Workplace 34 Chapter 1 Introduction to Organizational Behavior: An Evidence-Based Approach 5 Learning Objectives 5 The Challenges Facing Management 6 Undergoing a Paradigm Shift 8 A New Perspective for Management 10 Evidence-Based Management 12 Historical Background: The Hawthorne Studies Reasons for the Emergence of Diversity 35 Developing the Multicultural Organization 38 Individual Approaches to Managing Diversity 39 Organizational Approaches to Managing Diversity 41 Ethics and Ethical Behavior in Organizations 46 47 The Impact of Ethics on "Bottom-Line " Outcomes 13 The Illumination Studies: A Serendipitous Discovery 13 Subsequent Phases of the Hawthorne Studies 14 Implications of the Hawthorne Studies 15 Research...
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...Recommendation We recommend that Mr. Waller accept funding from traditional VCs, and more-so from VCs such as TLcom, for two main reasons 1. Large scale of funding that Movirtu needs to achieve its market expansion and growth targets 2. Synergies arising from fit between Movirtu’s aspirations and the VCs’ expertise. Movirtu and the Cloud Phone Market Movirtu's vision is to unlock the value of mobile communication for a market of 4 billion bottom-of-the-pyramid (BoP) population spread across Asia, Africa and South America. As a pioneer in the field of device-less cloud phones Movirtu has created an innovative business model by setting up strategic partnerships with mobile network operators (MNOs), employing rural population, and engaging small telecom entrepreneurs, while sharing value with all these participants in Movirtu's value chain. Scope We estimate that by entering into a typical sub-Saharan African country, Movirtu can target revenues of more than $2MM over 3 years (market penetration of 3 to 8 percent over three years). Movirtu plans to enter at least 10-12 such regions by 20133. A directional estimate indicates that Movirtu can turn a profit of $3MM within 3 years. In order to meet these expansion goals and become self-sustaining, we estimate that Movirtu needs an investment of $4-7MM. Synergies Traditional VCs’ would help Movirtu in the following areas: * Build strategic partnerships with MNOs * Drive operational and financial efficiencies...
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...Team E Learning Reflection Week Two MGT / 311 February 6, 2011 Team E Learning Reflection Week One In week three, Team E learned a variety of concepts surrounding organizational behavior. As a team we learned the three the different property groups that a manager may use to determine work groups. We have learned the different types of groups that may be formed that consist of two or more people. We also learned that while in a group conflict may be necessary to use. Finally, we have learned about group development and what is included within group development. When a manager begins the process of deciding to form groups to complete a goal or mission the manager needs to understand the mission or goal. By knowing the mission or goal the manager can then begin the process of determine how to form the group based on the group properties. The different types of group properties that a manager may use are norms, status, size, and cohesiveness to form a group. The norms of a group are usually unspoken rules that govern a group which need to be abided by. Status in a group usually gives guidance on who to follow and who to lead the group so there is no misunderstanding onto who is in charge of the group and who does what for the group. A manager must know how many employees to place in a particular group. The manager would not want to include too few employees to complete a goal that is unrealistic with the size of the group nor have too many employees in a group who may have...
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...company is quite different than using a traditional team. There are two ways in which virtual teams differ from traditional teams. Virtual teams are “not usually co-located and due to their lack of co-location, members of virtual teams depend primarily on information technologies rather than face-face interaction to communicate and coordinate their work effort.” (Steven L.McShane, p. 208) With the ever changing modes of communication within the workplace having virtual teams can provide many advantages to the company. For one “globalization makes virtual teams increasingly necessary because employees are spread around the planet rather than one building or city.” (Steven L.McShane, p. 210) Virtual teams are excellent for companies which have many different locations in different parts of the world. Virtual teams are able to bounce ideas off of each other and find opportunities to help each other even though they are located so far from each other. Virtual teams also help companies to save money and resources. This is done “by not having a physical location, the company and the team alike save money on facilities and on transport to and from the workplace.” (Danes) Finally another advantage to using a virtual team is the flexibility that it can offer to employees. Virtual teams offer “people the flexibility they need to strike a good balance between their work lives and personal lives.” (Danes) On the other hand as with any team setting there can also...
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