Free Essay

Constructing a New Structure- Building Codes

In:

Submitted By enk7000
Words 2982
Pages 12
Constructing a new Structure- Building Codes

The information in this document should be useful in making design-related decisions that will not only satisfy the move to our new building Information Technology (IT) requirements but also meet the needs of the building and its future occupants with respect to voice, video and data communications. The intention of this document is to provide a comprehensive understanding and reference guide that can be referred to when moving to our new building.
Moving into our new building we need to follow certain cable codes and specification. A properly designed network is based around components or wiring units. The components should also follow certain performance specifications so that when installing we will know exactly what types of applications will be supported. The cable specifications and building codes requirements that we use will be based on * ANSI/EIA/TIA standards 568-C-- Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard * ANSI/EIA/TIA 569-- Commercial Building Standards for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces; ANSI/EIA/TIA 606- Administration Standard for the Telecommunications Infrastructure of Commercial Buildings * ANSI/EIA/TIA 607-Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding Requirements for Telecommunications; BICSI Telecommunications Distribution Methods Manual (TDMM) and NFPA 70--National Electric Code (NEC).

Cabling has changed over time. Cabling installations have evolved from proprietary systems to flexible, open solutions that can be used by many. (Vendors and applications)
A number of documents are related to data cabling. In the United States, the standard is ANSI/TIA-568-C, also known as the Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard. The ANSI/TIA-568-C standard is a specification adopted by ANSI (American National Standards Institute). If the new building is in Europe, the predominant standard is the ISO/IEC 11801 Ed. 2 standard, also known as the known as the International Standard on Information Technology Generic Cabling for Customer Premises. These two documents are quite similar, although their terminology is different, and the ISO/IEC 11801 Ed. 2 standard permits an additional type of UTP cabling.

ANSI/TIA-569-C: Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces This Standard specifies pathway and space design and construction practices in support of telecommunications media and equipment within buildings. Examples of pathways and spaces in single-tenant and multi-tenant buildings that are addressed in this Standard include: Wireless service entrance pathways, Entrance rooms, Building pathways, Distributor rooms, Access and Service Provider spaces, Distributor enclosures, Service entrance pathways, and Equipment outlet locations.
ANSI/TIA-569-C “Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces” was developed by the TIA TR-42.3 Pathways and Spaces Subcommittee and published in May, 2012. Significant changes from the previous edition include the adoption of revised temperature and humidity requirements to harmonize with ASHRAE class 1, 2, 3 and 4 requirements and the addition of power separation guidelines and lighting requirements.

ANSI/TIA-569-C Content * Environmental Compatibility * Diversity of Telecommunications Facilities * Building Spaces * Access Provider and Service Provider Spaces * Multi-Tenant Building Spaces * Building Pathways * Annex on Firestopping and Electromagnetic Noise Reduction Guidelines for Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling

ANSI/TIA-606-B “Administration Standard Telecommunications Infrastructure” was developed by the TIA TR-42.6 Infrastructure Administration Subcommittee and published in June, 2012. This Standard specifies four classes of administration based upon the complexity of the cabling plant being administered. An administration system for telecommunications infrastructure within buildings and between buildings may include: * assigning identifiers to components of the infrastructure * specifying elements of information that make up records for each identifier * specifying relationships between these records to access the information they contain * specifying reports presenting information on groups of records, and * specifying graphical and symbolic requirements
ANSI/TIA-606-B Content * Classes of Administration * Class 1 Administration * Class 2 Administration * Class 3 Administration * Class 4 Administration * Optional Identifiers for Infrastructure Elements * Color-Coding Identification * Permanent Labels * Linkages and Reports * Automated Infrastructure Management Systems * Annexes addressing Identification of Patch Cords, Equipment Cords, and Direct Equipment-to-Equipment Cables, Telecommunications Grounding System Identification Example, and Graphical, Symbology, and Drawing Elements of Administration

Administration Classes
Four classes of administration are specified in this Standard to accommodate the wide range of complexity present in the cabling plant. Class 1 contains the less stringent and Class 4 contains the most stringent administration requirements. The size and complexity of the cabling plant are the most relevant considerations in determining the minimum class of administration.
The four classes of administration are: * Class 1 provides for the telecommunications infrastructure administration needs of a premises that is served by a single equipment room (ER) * Class 2 provides for the telecommunications infrastructure administration needs of a single building or of a tenant that is served by single or multiple telecommunications spaces (e.g., an equipment room with one or more telecommunications rooms) within a single building * Class 3 provides for the telecommunications infrastructure administration needs of a campus, including its buildings and outside plant elements * Class 4 provides for the telecommunications infrastructure administration needs of a multi-campus/multi-site system
An administration system may be managed using a paper-based system, general purpose spreadsheet software, special-purpose cable management software, or Automated Infrastructure Management (AIM) systems.
Elements Addressed
This Standard specifies an administration system for the following elements of a generic telecommunications infrastructure: * cabling Subsystem 1, 2, and3 pathways and cabling * telecommunications bonding and grounding * spaces (e.g., entrance facility, telecommunications room, equipment room), and * fire-stopping

ANSI/TIA-607-B Generic “Telecommunications Bonding and Grounding (Earthing) for Customer Premises” was developed by the TIA TR-42.16 Grounding and Bonding Subcommittee and published in August, 2012. This Standard provides basic principles, components, and design of telecommunications bonding and grounding that shall be followed to ensure that the telecommunication bonding and grounding systems within a building will have one electrical potential.
ANSI/TIA-607-B-1 “Addendum 1, External Grounding” was published in January, 2013 and expands the content of TIA-607-B by summarizing the requirements for a structure’s electrical grounding electrode system and providing additional design and testing requirements for a telecommunications grounding electrode system.
ANSI/TIA-607-B-2: “Addendum 2, Structural Metal” is currently under development and will provide additional requirements for a telecommunications bonding and grounding system when structural metal is used as the telecommunications bonding backbone instead of the telecommunications bonding backbone (TBB) or grounding equalizer (GE). The expected publication date is 2014.

ANSI/TIA-607-B Content * Regulatory * Overview of Telecommunication Grounding and Bonding Systems * Telecommunications Grounding and Bonding Components * Design Requirements * Performance and Test Requirements * Annexes addressing Grounding Electrodes, Towers and Antennas, Telecommunications Electrical Protection, Electrical Protection for Operator-Type Equipment Positions, and Cross Reference of Terms
ANSI/TIA-607-B-1 Content * Grounding Resistance * Telecommunications Grounding Electrode System Design * Grounding Electrode System Testing * Annex addressing Soil Resistivity Testing
Grounding Requirements for Shielded versus Unshielded Cabling Systems
The grounding requirements for shielded cabling systems are identical to those specified for unshielded cabling systems with the exception of the following additional step: * the shield shall be bonded to the telecommunications main grounding busbar (TMGB) or the telecommunications grounding busbar (TGB) where the cables are terminated or where pairs are “broken out” from the cable sheath
For shielded connecting hardware that self-grounds to the patch panel, this may be accomplished by connecting a 6 AWG stranded wire from the ground point (or lug) provided on the patch panel to the TMGB or TGB.

NFPA 70--National Electric Code (NEC).
The NEC addresses the installation of electrical conductors, equipment, and raceways; signaling and communications conductors, equipment, and raceways; and optical fiber cables and raceways in commercial, residential, and industrial occupancies.

Standards Organizations

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) was founded in 1896 as a nonprofit organization to help protect people, property, and the environment from fire damage. Though not directly related to data cabling, the NFPA is responsible for the development and publication of the National Electrical Code (NEC). The NEC is published every three years. Two sections of the NEC are relevant to data cabling, Articles 725 and 800.

Insulated Cable Engineers Association (ICEA) The ICEA is a nonprofit professional organization sponsored by leading cable manufacturers in the United States. It was established in 1925 with the goal of producing cable specifications for telecommunication, electrical power, and control cables.

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was founded in 1934 as part of the U.S. gov- ernment. The FCC consists of a board of seven commissioners appointed by the President; this board has the power to regulate electrical-communications systems originating in the United
States. These communications systems include television, radio, telegraph, telephone, and cable
TV systems. Regulations relating to premises cabling and equipment are covered in FCC Part 68 rules. FCC recently provided three documents for use in determining the complaints millimeter wave devices two of the three are 47 CFR Part 15 sections 15.25 5 and 15.25 7 where the fundamental RF emissions are transmitted on either the frequency band 57 264 gigahertz or 92 to 95 gigahertz and have a video bandwidth at least 10 megahertz the first document is titled millimeter-wave test procedures and it was developed by the TCB Council an accepted for use by the FCC this procedure provides the general guidelines in performing compliance measurement on millimeter wave devices that are operating under the FCC requirements 47 CFR Part 15 sections 15.25 3 15.25 5 and 15.25 7 and part ninety section 90 point 103 sections 15.25 hi and 15.25 7 require that the fundamental emission be measured using a RF detector which is covered in the second document the FCC knowledge database publication 42004 43 d0 to RF detector method the zr1 this Katie be specific guidance for performing compliance test for millimeter-wave devices mandated by these two sections.

Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
Founded in 1894, Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL) is a nonprofit, independent organiza- tion dedicated to product safety testing and certification. Although not involved directly with cabling specifications, UL works with cabling and other manufacturers to ensure that electrical devices are safe. UL tests products for paying customers; if the product passes the specification for which the product is submitted, the UL listing or verification is granted. The UL mark of approval is applied to cabling and electrical devices worldwide.
Though not directly related to data cabling, the NFPA is responsible for the development and publication of the National Electrical Code (NEC). The NEC is published every three years (the next NEC will be published in 2011) and covers issues related to electrical safety requirements; it is not used as a design specification or an instruction manual. Two sections of the NEC are relevant to data cabling, Articles 725 and 800. Many municipalities have adopted the NEC as part of their building codes, and consequently, electrical construction and wiring must meet the specifications in the NEC. Although the NEC is not a legal document, portions of the NEC become laws if municipalities adopt them as part of their local building codes.

Adopted in all 50 states, the NEC is the benchmark for safe electrical design, installation, and inspection to protect people and property from electrical hazards. The NEC addresses the installation of electrical conductors, equipment, and raceways; signaling and communications conductors, equipment, and raceways; and optical fiber cables and raceways in commercial, residential, and industrial occupancies.

NFPA 70: NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE®
NFPA /NEC
NFPA 70E®: Electrical Safety in the Workplace
NFPA 70: National Electrical Code (NEC)

Underwriters Laboratories codes Building code

UL certifications and UL Evaluation Reports provide the technical foundation relied upon by architects, designers, contractors and code authorities to provide safe, code compliant installations.
UL 1
Standard for Flexible Metal Conduit
1.1 These requirements cover flexible aluminum and steel conduit designed for use as metal raceway for wires and cables in accordance with the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70.

UL 5C
Standard for Surface Raceways and Fittings for Use with Data, Signal, and Control Circuits.
1.1 These requirements cover surface raceways and fittings for use with Class 2 data, signal, control circuits, and optical fiber cable. These raceway systems are intended for mechanical protection and routing of circuits. They are not intended for applications which require the use of a raceway in accordance with the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70.

1.2 These requirements do not apply to cable trays, wireways, or metal or nonmetallic raceways that are intended for use on Class 1 circuits.

1.3 These requirements do not apply to the conductors, connectors, or similar items that are used as part of the circuit.

The FCC has minimized the government’s role in the equipment authorization of
Telephone Terminal Equipment (TTE) by privatizing significant portions of its rules1 regulating the connection of customer premises equipment to the public switched telephone network and certain private-line services. The FCC has privatized both the standards development and terminal equipment approval processes. To provide for the management of the technical and administrative requirements as well as the management of the equipment authorization program, the FCC mandated the establishment of the Administrative Council for Terminal Attachments (ACTA). ACTA was formed through the co-sponsorship and support of the Alliance for
Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) and Telecommunications Industry
Association (TIA).2

TTE connected to the public network and private-line services, must comply with the applicable Part 68 rules and regulations and with the applicable ACTA-adopted technical criteria, labeling requirements, and customer information requirements. There are two approval methods3 recognized by the FCC: • Telecommunications Certification Body (TCB) – Subject to the FCC Rules governing the TCB Program4 • Supplier’s Declaration of Conformity (SDoC)5 – SDoC is a procedure where the
Responsible Party6 makes measurements or takes other necessary steps to ensure that the terminal equipment complies with the appropriate technical standards

Insulated Cable Engineers Association (ICEA)
The ICEA is a nonprofit professional organization sponsored by leading cable manufacturers in the United States. It was established in 1925 with the goal of producing cable specifications for tele- communication, electrical power, and control cables. The organization draws from the technical expertise of the representative engineer members to create documents that reflect the most current cable-design, material-content, and performance criteria. The group is organized in four sections:
Power Cable, Control & Instrumentation Cable, Portable Cable, and Communications Cable.
The ICEA has an important role in relation to the ANSI/TIA/EIA standards for network cabling infrastructure. ICEA cable specifications for both indoor and outdoor cables, copper and fiber optic, are referenced by the TIA documents to specify the design, construction, and physi- cal performance requirements for cables. ICEA specifications are issued as national standards. In the Communications section, ANSI requirements for participation by an appropriate cross section of industry representatives in a document’s development is accomplished through TWCSTAC, the
Telecommunications Wire and Cable Standards Technical Advisory Committee. The TWCSTAC consists of ICEA members, along with other manufacturers, material suppliers, and end users.

The Insulated Cable Engineers Association (ICEA) is a professional organization dedicated to developing cable standards for the electric power, control, and telecommunications industries. Since
1925, the objective has been to ensure safe, economical, and efficient cable systems utilizing proven state-of-the-art materials and concepts. Now with the proliferation of new materials and cable designs, this mission has gained in importance. ICEA documents are of interest to industry participants worldwide, i.e. cable manufacturers, architects and engineers, utility and manufacturing plant personnel, telecommunication engineers, consultants, and OEM'S.

More than 60 cable standards documents created and maintained by ICEA The Insulated Cable Engineers Association (ICEA) develops cable standards for the electric power, control and telecommunications industries. Some communication cable standards were developed jointly with the Telecommunications Wire & Cable Standards Technical Advisory Committee (TWCS TAC), while much of the power and control cable coincides with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) or National Electric Manufacturers Association (NEMA) specifications. The extent of the ICEA guidance on insulated cable includes materials, performance, test methodology, measurement and instrumentation.

The ICEA Standards Service includes metrics and specifications on the following engineering topics:
Characteristics of insulated cable
Physical and electrical properties of conductors used in overhead lines
Cable tray flame tests
Communications wire cabling
Telecommunications cable
Partial discharge test procedures
AC/DC resistance ratios
Fiber optics
Telephone cordage
More than 370 standards developing organizations (SDOs) worldwide publish standards and other technical documents for a variety of disciplines and industries. These organizations include governments and military; regional economic blocs; corporations; professional societies and trade associations and international agencies. Together, they set a level of consistency, compatibility and safety for products and industrial processes.

ICEA P-47-434: Pressurization Characteristics of Polyethylene-Insulated and - Jacketed Telephone Cables
ICEA P-61-694: Coding Guide for Copper, Outside Plant and Riser Telecommunications Cables
This document has been prepared to coordinate the use of a common cable code for paired, copper, outside plant and riser telecommunications cables. This Guide, known as the Coding Guide for Copper, Outside Plant and Riser Telecornmunications Cables, is used to simplify cable designation in ordering, manufacturing, identification, and record keeping.
ICEA S-102-700: Category 6 Individually Unshielded Twisted Pair Indoor Cables ( With or Without an Overall Shield) For use in Communications Wiring Systems Technical Requirements
This Standard covers mechanical, electrical and flammability requirements for thermoplastic insulated and jacketed, copper conductor, individually unshielded twisted pair indoor cables, with or without an overall shield, intended for use as horizontal cables, backbone cables, or in the manufacture of patch cords. Depending upon the application and system requirements, this Standad provides choices for materials and flammability ratings.

Category cables are intended for voice, text, data, video and image transmission and are categorized by electrical transmission characteristics based on existing system requirements and projected application needs. This Standard covers the minimum performance requirements for Cate ory 6 cables up to four pairs, with enhanced transmission characteristics specifie a up to 250 MHz.

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Demand and Supply

...ATMC Shopping Centre This is the project plan for the construction of public utility building herein referred as ATMC Shopping Centre. This pan provides the information about every detail of the project. This is the property of ATMC, ATMC Shopping Centre This is the project plan for the construction of public utility building herein referred as ATMC Shopping Centre. This pan provides the information about every detail of the project. This is the property of ATMC, Project Plan Project Plan ATMC Shopping Mall Project Plan Presented by: Gurpreet Singh On behalf of: ATMC Project Plan - ATMC Shopping Centre Introduction: ATMC has recently approved the construction of ATMC Shopping Centre in Richmond area as it’s trying to expand its business. This project will provide the residents of Richmond an easy and quick access to various shops and supermarket. As the residents have to dry a long way to go to a shopping mall or a super market. The ATMC will also increase the employment opportunities for local residents and residents from the nearby areas. The Shopping Centre will 50 specialty shops like clothes, kid’s toys and clothes, Gift shops etc. and 3 super markets with a parking space for 2000 cars. The allocated time for the project is 2 years and budget is $100million. ATMC is a very successful education provider in Melbourne and Sydney because of its promise to provide the best education and pathway to its students to higher education studies. We...

Words: 2308 - Pages: 10

Free Essay

Constructing Change: Energy Efficiency and India’s Buildings Sector

...Constructing Change: Energy Efficiency and India’s Buildings Sector   “The urban sprawl is creating unique challenges and opportunities related to natural ecosystems. As a result, policy makers need to think innovatively about a range of issues from land-resource planning to broader ecological and energy implications. The resulting challenges include reducing pollution, increasing biodiversity, managing peak energy demand and cost, heat-stress health implications, and ensuring an adequate supply of water and nutrients.” Radhika Khosla February 21, 2012 In 2008, for the first time ever, the urban population of the world outnumbered that of the rural. This visible trend has escalated over the last couple of decades; projections suggest that by the end of the twenty-first century, 80 percent of the world’s population will live in cities (which occupy 0.05 percent of the Earth’s surface). Rapid urbanization is creating vast opportunities through an unprecedented demand for the construction of buildings, which already account for more than 30 percent of India’s total electricity consumption. In line with expanding development, the country’s buildings sector is expected to increase five-fold from 2005 to 2050. India is at a unique crossroads where two-thirds of the commercial and high-rise residential structures that will exist in 2030 are yet to be built. Implementing energy efficiency in buildings that are being constructed in the next ten years thus presents a singular...

Words: 1498 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Natural Disasters and Poverty: Example of Haiti and Chile

...and Chile. An earthquake, measuring 7.5 on the Richter scale, rocked Haiti on January 12, 2010, knocking down buildings and power lines and killing over 200,000 people. While the earthquake that devastated Chile, measuring 8.8 on the Richter scale on February 27 was 500 times more powerful; yet the death toll is magnitudes lower. There is the dominant approach which has examined the role of poverty in deepening the effects of natural disasters. Poverty is what ultimately kills most people during an earthquake. Poverty means that little or no evaluation is made of seismic risk in constructing buildings and no zoning takes place. It means that building codes are not written, and even if they do exist they are difficult, or impossible, to enforce. It means the choice between building robustly or building cheaply is not a choice at all (Stark 2010). Similarly, other studies stressed the costs in terms of lives, people’s disability and injuries and livelihoods affecting by the results of earthquake. They all agreed that the impacts are enormous and they are unequally distributed, with the poor and most vulnerable carrying most of the burden of the costs. Haiti is, by a significant margin, the poorest in the Western Hemisphere, with four out of five people living in poverty and more than half in abject poverty. Unfortunately, those poor people can't afford to "build to code." The earthquake and the loss of life and destruction that resulted are related to the lack of political and...

Words: 968 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Aect Summaries

...with the quality of the construction, and wound not charge too much to do so. The Specht’s chose the company Structures Design/Build to be their builders for their house. While meeting with their consultant for the first time, the consultant, Adam Cohen, asked the couple if they had any interest in Passiyhaus. The Specht’s did not know what Passiyhaus was and assumed that energy efficiency was too expensive for them. Cohen believed that if they were to create an optimized Passiyhaus design, that they could achieve the cost parity with a traditional construction. He argued that by constructing a Passiyhaus, it would not be any more expensive than constructing a house that would meet the existing energy codes. The articile states that “it is the idea that a builder can leverage their knowledge and experience to produce a Passiyhaus at a price equal to standard construction, if the energy costs are included in the calculation.” It also states that the additional costs of the Passiyhaus construction ends up paying for itself through the savings in the monthly utility bill. The Spechts’ agreed on the idea of designing a Passiyhaus. As the building process began, The Specht’s continued with their research on the Passiyhaus design. They found that the Passiyhaus projects often used new materials and techniques. Jason Specht talked to a loan officer at a local bank, and the building plans were appraised at a value that ended up being equal to the construction contract price. This confirmed...

Words: 873 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Architechture

...1)What does the study of humanities involve? What is the relevance of humanities in architecture? 1.The study of humanities involves academic disciplines that study human culture and history. The humanities include ancient and modern languages ,literature, philosophy, religion, and visual and performing arts such as music and theatre. We learn about distant cultures or past cultures. Through the exploration of humanities we learn how to think creatively and critically to reason and ask questions. These efforts preserve the great accomplishments of the past help us understand the world we live in and give us tools to imagine the future. 2.What are the broad divisions of human history? Write a brief on each. Prehistory (meaning "before history", or "before knowledge acquired by investigation", from the Latin word for "before," præ, and historia) is the span of time before recorded history or the invention of writing systems. Prehistory refers to the period of human existence before the availability of those written records with which recorded history begins. More broadly, it can refer to all the time preceding human existence and the invention. The term "prehistory" can refer to the vast span of time since the beginning of the Universe, but more often it refers to the period since life appeared on Earth, or even more specifically to the time since human-like beings appeared.[4][5] In dividing up human prehistory, prehistorians typically use the three-age system, whereas scholars...

Words: 7688 - Pages: 31

Free Essay

Business Ethics

...blew up and this was scattered all around the globe damaging Primark’s valuable reputation by the minute. Eventually after some persuasion by petitions and government demands the company said they would compensate. ‘‘ The British retailer has agreed to pay $9m to the 581 workers, or their families, from New Wave Bottoms, Primark's supplier, which was based on the second floor of the building in Dhaka. A further $1m will go into a communal compensation pot to be shared among all the 3,600 workers who suffered when the eighth-floor Rana Plaza complex collapsed in April last year’’. This shows that company demonstrated that they took some social responsibility for the community that got terribly damaged, it also showed that the company wanted to improve their community and try and amend for what happened for the families. The company has also compensated by offering the community health care schemes that would include volunteers donating their time and resources people who have concerns with their health but may not have the means to go see a doctor, they are providing necessities like food and water and they are also constructing a brand new factory with a new full ensured structure, it was also said that ‘prior workers have immediately got placement’. This proved to reinvent their reputation because they have taken huge...

Words: 1019 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Carpentry Research Paper

...General Carpentry What would this world do without a carpenter? This world wouldn’t have any building if it wasn’t for the carpenters. The carpenters build the schools, businesses, houses, prisons, etc. What is carpentry? Carpentry is the craft of taking wood to construct and maintain buildings, furniture, and any other objects. In carpentry a carpenter must have numerous requirements to become one. A carpenter has many different job duties, work conditions, and pay wages. In the art of carpentry there is many different types and groups that someone could become and follow their dream of becoming a carpenter. To become a carpenter one must meet many different requirements. A person must have a high school diploma or something equivalent...

Words: 1626 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Research of Improve the Data Quality

...to improve the quality of data. However, in the view of the experience summary and practice accumulation in the practical application, the paper mainly focuses on the ETL dispatcher and way of check to improve data quality of data warehouse. First of all, the automation of data management which is realized by ETL principle make the data into a data stream., the database where the data exists become as starting point of ETL, saving the data warehouse with ultimate high-quality data as the end of ETL. Second, for the data which the ETL data flow has been formed to generate example, for the data which complete ETL processes structure to handling historical information, thus ensuring that the ETL flow can monitoring. Third, building the processing logic of ETL tectonic processes, is the core of constructing high-quality data, constructing the automated calibration procedures based on the actual experience , so that the calibration procedures can correct erroneous data when passing by, and finally achieving the goal of access the high-quality data. Finally, the implementation of the EMC project has proved that the illegal data in the form of ETL run through calibration procedures can be handled in accordance with the set in advance , ensuring the...

Words: 3026 - Pages: 13

Free Essay

Monolithic Domes the Green Wave of the Future

...up in our daily conversations. One major item of discussion is typically “going green”. The Monolithic Dome offers natural disaster resistance, physical damage resistance from insects and rodents, mold resistance, degradation resistance, all while offering the most economical, green energy efficient building available. Monolithic Domes the Green Wave of the Future The Monolithic Dome originally started out as a dream for Davis South who with his two brothers, Randy and Barry, researched, planned and built the first monolithic dome. David South had heard Buckminster Fuller talking about geodesic domes on the radio in 1956. David immediately thought I can do better. Geodesic domes are made from triangle wooden structure forms places together to form the structure of the dome in which the outer structure is then lain. David South researched this type of structure and became fascinated with it. After much discussion with his brothers Randy and Barry, the South brothers started trying to develop a stronger more reliable dome. After several years of research and numerous trials and errors the South Brothers came up with a process they used to develop the first Monolithic Dome structure. In order to prove the soundness and structural integrity of the first Monolithic dome the brothers built a potato storage facility in Shelly, Idaho in 1975. The Monolithic Dome construction process includes: 1) pouring a ring foundation floor and attaching rebar steel reinforcements throughout the...

Words: 1573 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Construction

...architecture and civil engineering, construction is a process that consists of the building or assembling of infrastructure. Far from being a single activity, large scale construction is a feat of human multitasking. Normally, the job is managed by a project manager, and supervised by a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project architect. For the successful execution of a project, effective planning is essential. Involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question must consider the environmental impact of the job, the successful scheduling, budgeting, construction site safety, availability ofbuilding materials, logistics, inconvenience to the public caused by construction delays and bidding, etc. Types of construction projects In general, there are four types of construction: 1. Residential Building construction 2. Industrial construction 3. Commercial Building construction 4. Heavy Civil construction Each type of construction project requires a unique team to plan, design, construct and maintain the project. Building construction Building construction is the process of adding structure to real property. The vast majority of building construction jobs are small renovations, such as addition of a room, or renovation of a bathroom. Often, the owner of the property acts as laborer, paymaster, and design team for the entire project. However, all building construction projects include some elements in common – design, financial,...

Words: 3036 - Pages: 13

Premium Essay

New Technologies in Civil Engineering and Forensic Consepts of Engineering

...ETM 500 Seminar II New Technologies in Civil Engineering and Forensic Consepts of Engineering by Hüseyin Cimşit Graduate Program in Engineering and Technology Mangement Bogazi¸ i University c 2012 Name Surname: ID: Approved by: Prof. Name Surname: Date of Approvel: Alper Kırdal 2011712393 Sabri Altıntaş ABSTRACT This is report is written corresponding to the seminar given by Hüseyin Cimşit in March, 03 2012. The seminar was about the new techologies in civil engineering and the forensic issues in engineering that should be known. The speaker also has given examples about some interesting forensic cases related with civil engineering area which provided a clear point of view about the issue. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... 2 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 4 2. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENTS ................................................. 4 a. Coastal engineering...................................................................................... 4 b. Construction Engineering ............................................................................ 4 c. Earthquake Engineering ............................................................................... 5 d. Environmental Engineering ......................................................................... 5 e. Geotechnical...

Words: 1497 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Thesis 2915

...1.0 Introduction A grading system plays a key role in the management system of any school. But, such system does not often relate expectations, outcomes, and performance. As each student desires to achieve a good score for each assignment, exam, project and/or report, the whole process adds heavy workload for professors in order to make their evaluation fair, comprehensive, and accurate. Form the department perspective, these are necessary to avoid disagreement from students and parents. Grades monitoring system is a highly desirable addition to the educational tool-kit, particularly when it can provide less effort and a more effective and timely outcome. Grades monitoring systems are designed to provide incentives for achievement and assist in identifying problem areas of a student. It is the most commonly used means of analyzing student performance, talents and skills. Students` grades are vital information needed in advancing to the next year level and its accuracy is very important. In remote areas, still utilize the manual method of recording and computing for the grades of the students. The proponents of this study wish to reduce the workload of professors by eliminating the need for manual computation and recording of each grade. As the workload gradually increases with growing amounts of grades and student lists that need to be attended, it becomes tedious on the part of the professor to proficiently manage them in time for documentation and file submission to the department...

Words: 1615 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Civil Engineering.

...rCivil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works such as bridges, roads, canals, dams and buildings.[1][2][3] Civil engineering is the oldest engineering discipline after military engineering,[4] and it was defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering.[5] It is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including environmental engineering,geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, transportation engineering, municipal or urban engineering, water resources engineering, materials engineering, coastal engineering,[4] surveying, and construction engineering.[6] Civil engineering takes place on all levels: in the public sector from municipal through to federal levels, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international companies. ------------------------------------------------- History of the civil engineering profession Engineering has been an aspect of life since the beginnings of human existence. The earliest practices of Civil engineering may have commenced between 4000 and 2000 BC in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia (Ancient Iraq) when humans started to abandon a nomadic existence, thus causing a need for the construction of shelter. During this time, transportation became increasingly important leading to the development of the wheel and sailing. Until modern times there was...

Words: 5421 - Pages: 22

Premium Essay

Nt2147

...physical network solutions based on appropriate capacity planning and implementing various installations, testing and troubleshooting techniques for a computer network. MAJOR INSTRUCTIONAL AREAS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Telecommunications Cabling Specifications and Constraints Cabling Tools and Media Network Equipment for Wired and Wireless Networks Cable Testing Fiber Optics and Light Principles Fiber-Optic Cables, Splicing and Connectors Fiber-Optic Light Sources, Detectors and Receivers Fiber-Optic Considerations and Testing COURSE OBJECTIVES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Distinguish between bandwidth, frequency, and data rate in a data network Explain the importance of codes, standards, and specifications. Compare and contrast network topologies Describe the characteristics of different copper cables Explain the purpose of network tools Compare and contrast fiber-optic and copper transmission Differentiate between twisted-pair cable connectors, coaxial cable connectors, and fiber-optic cable connectors Construct a network based on specifications using repeaters, hubs, bridges, switches, servers, and routers Demonstrate how to...

Words: 1770 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Assessment

...Sarup (1993) states that postmodernism refers to the actual dissolution of those social forms that are associated with modernity. “There is a sense in which if one sees modernism as the culture of modernity, postmodernism is the culture of postmodernity” (Sarup 1993). Postmodernity concentrates on the tensions of difference and similarity erupting from processes of globalization: the accelerating circulation of people, the increasingly dense and frequent cross-cultural interactions, and the unavoidable intersections of local and global knowledge. A 'profound leadership system' consists of two elements: core value and competence subsystems. The conclusions of this selective analysis are compared with the contents of a training package for leadership and human motivation that has been developed and deployed in both Japan and Denmark. The contents of the training package focus on a number of core values and competencies. It is concluded from this comparison that the core values identified from these two sources are in essential agreement, a testimony to core values immutable over many millennia and across cultures which can contribute to attainment of business excellence. Systemic leadership deployment for business excellence demands transformation of our mental models. This requires a profound understanding of so-called core values (intangibles) and their relation to the traditional tangibles (goals and core competencies). Often these core values are not clearly...

Words: 3038 - Pages: 13