...Understanding Organisational Behaviour IB1230 ID: 1323413 Describe how either Taylor or Ford changed organisational management and workplace practices. Critically analyse how they continue to influence contemporary organizational behaviour Student ID: Word count: 1976 Submission Date: 1 1323413 20/01/2014 Understanding Organisational Behaviour IB1230 ID: 1323413 Introduction “In the past the man has been first; in the future the system must be first.” Frederick Winslow Taylor. In the late 19th century, Frederick Winslow Taylor, known to many the forefather of scientific management, sparked the automation revolution, the third great transition in the history of humanity (after the Neolithic Revolution, a result of the development of agriculture around 6,000 B.C and the industrial revolution in the 18th century) (Souza, 1999, p.1). However, it can be argued that Taylor’s greatest contribution to capitalism was not the revolution itself, but how Taylorism brought about the era of competition and syncretism with contrasting or corresponding concepts on organisational management and workplace practices, particularly Fordism, which arguably extended the dynamics of Taylorism centered on the use of assembly line. This essay will examine how Fordism developed organisational management and modified workplace practices by exploring known historical application of its principles and theories. Thereupon, it will further analyse how elements...
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...Organizations: Class, Contemporary and Critical Readings. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Mullins, L. (2011) Management and Organisational Behaviour, 9th ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall. Pugh, D. (1990) Organization Theory, 3rd ed. London: Penguin Books. Other editions available. Pugh, D. and Hickson, D. (1996) Writers on Organizations, 5th ed. London: Penguin Books. Other editions available. Thompson, P. and McHugh, D. (2009) Work Organisations: A Critical Approach, 4th ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Watson, T. (2011) Sociology, Work and Industry, 6th ed. London and New York: Routledge. Some Relevant Journals in Bangor University 1. Academy of Management Review (AM) 2. Business History Review (Cambridge University Press) 3. British Journal of Industrial Relations (Wiley-Blackwell) 4. British Journal of Management (Wiley-Blackwell) 5. British Journal of Sociology (Wiley-Blackwell) 6. Human Relations (Sage) 7. Human Resource Management Journal (Wiley-Blackwell) 8. International Journal of Human Resource Management (Routledge) 9. Journal of Management Studies (Wiley-Blackwell) 10. New Technology Work and Employment (Wiley-Blackwell) 11. Sociology (Sage) 11. Work, Employment and Society (Sage) Specific weekly reading list Week 1 (September 27) Introduction to Management & Organization Buchanan, D. and Huczynski, A. (2010) Organizational Behaviour, 7th ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall. Chapter 14. Handel, M.J. (2003) The Sociology of Organizations: Class, Contemporary...
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...EFM Academy – Summary: Essentials of contemporary management, Gareth R. Jones, Jennifer M. George / Marketing – Real People, Real Choices, Solomon / Marshall / Stuart Essentials of Contemporary Management Chapter 1 What is Management? – The Management Process Today Management is the planning, organizing, leading and controlling of human and other resources to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively Achieving high performance: a manger’s goal Organizational performance is a measure of how efficiently and effectively managers use resources to satisfy customers and achieve organizational goals. Efficiency is a measure of how well or how productively resources are used to achieve goals; o Organizations are efficient when the amount of input resources or the amount of time needed to produce a given output of goods or services is minimized Effectiveness is a measure of the appropriateness of the goals that managers have selected for the organization to pursue and of the degree to which the organization achieves its goals o Organizations are effective when appropriate goals are chosen and achieved High effectiveness Low efficiency A product that the customer want, but that is too expensive for them to buy A low-quality product that customers do not want High efficiency A product that customers want at a quality and price that they can afford A high-quality product that customers do not want - Low effectiveness Managerial Functions … are planning...
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...Question: (i.) Critically evaluate the classical theory of organization and management in the light of contemporary business environmental changes facing managers in Nigeria (ii.) How did the neoclassical and contingency theories improve on the imperations of the classical approach? (i.) Critically evaluate the classical theory of organization and management in the light of contemporary business environmental changes facing managers in Nigeria Classical organization theories (Taylor, 1947; Weber, 1947; Fayol, 1949) deal with the formal organization and concepts to increase management efficiency. Taylor presented scientific management concepts, Weber gave the bureaucratic approach, and Fayol developed the administrative theory of the organization. They all contributed significantly to the development of classical organization theory. Taylor's scientific management approach The scientific management approach developed by Taylor is based on the concept of planning of work to achieve efficiency, standardization, specialization and simplification. Acknowledging that the approach to increased productivity was through mutual trust between management and workers, Taylor suggested that, to increase this level of trust, • the advantages of productivity improvement should go to workers, • physical stress and anxiety should be eliminated as ...
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...Organisational Behaviour Introduction Effective leadership is recognised as the key to organisational success. Leadership not only plays a vital role in achieving desired organisation goals and objectives but also contribute towards the growth and development of people within the organisation. It is defined as the process of developing new ideas and vision, living by values that support those ideas and vision, influencing followers to live by values and making tough decision as and when required (Bryman, 2013). In simple words, leadership is defined as relationship in which one individual influences the actions and behaviour of other individuals. Motivation is the inner force that influences an individual to achieve desired needs and wants. Influence of leadership behaviour on motivation of individuals within an organisation The prime responsibilities of leaders involve deciding organisational objectives, providing expertise and define standards, select and develop the structure and culture of the organisation with an aim to achieve desired goals and objectives (Adair, 2009). Leadership traits and behaviour plays a very vital role in determining the way leaders perform their roles and responsibilities and the kind of relationship they share with their followers. Leadership being responsible for influencing other’s behaviour and attitude, also plays a significant role in determining the level of motivation of individuals within an organisation (Daft, 2014). Leadership behaviour can...
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...INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS Management Control System Hamed Armesh Faculty of Management ,MMU,Malaysia Listed in ULRICH S Dr. Habibollah Salarzehi , Dr.Baqer Kord Faculty of Management, University of Sistan and Baluchestan Abstract A management control systems (MCS) is a system which gathers and uses information to evaluate the performance of different organizational resources like human, physical, financial and also the organization as a whole considering the organizational strategies. Finally, MCS influences the behaviour of organizational resources to implement organizational strategies. Keywords: Management , Control , Systems 1. Introduction To introduce this topic and understanding the importance of management control system we know that In the present globalised world, organisations need to use management control systems that go beyond the strategies that focus on acquisition of technology and logistics which are not sufficient to give the organisation sustained long-term competitive edge over its competitors. Management Control Systems (MCS) as defined by Anthony (cited by LangfieldSmith, 1997) is the process by which managers ensure that resources are obtained and used effectively and efficiently in the accomplishment of the organization s objectives . MCS is a system used in an organization which collects and uses information to evaluate the performance of the organizational resources that will eventually influence the behaviour of the organization...
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...Etnosfera Organizational behaviour and cultural issues in nowadays environment Author: Gabriel Săpunaru Abstract The current material assesses the problematic of organization’s capacity to socialize individuals within a more general concept than that of personal interest, in the context of neoliberal approach in economy and the recent financial crisis (2008). The idea of this approach took off by looking at two facets of reality: the theoretical understanding of behaviour in organizations (Mullins) and the day-to-day observation of what is today commonly desired by individuals in terms of success. The problematic, in the manner we conceive it, is layered in between these two approaches – what organizational behaviour should be and what it is or what it can be. Stressing that many of the current problems come from the inability to walk on a middle ground here, we critically analyse both organizations and individuals within their norms and objectives, reaching to contemporary cultural problems such as ‘the faceless manager’, the economic downturn, the social upheavals, youth unemployment and even the economic crisis, in general. Introduction Motto “I do not know how I could have earned in a middle-management job as much as I won on the Stock Exchange.” (A Romanian investor, Florin Gavrilă, in Ziarul Financiar, 2011) In order to proper analyze the theme of this material it would be necessary to elaborate on the fabric of economy nowadays together with the contemporary ‘philosophy...
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...Competency modelling: A better approach in contemporary HRM practice? Introduction In the contemporary human resource management (HRM) practice, the process of human resource assessment and selection is shifting from the traditional job-based system of HRM to a newly-established competency approach. According to Dubios’ work (1998), more and more medium-sized and larger organizations are adopting the competency approach to replace the traditional job-oriented method to select and assess their employees in the USA and around the globe. This change happens mainly for the reason that the traditional job-based personnel management systems have shown a tendency to break down when jobs are dissolving under more flexible working conditions and simplification of the bureaucratic hierarchies of the contemporary organizations (Lawler, 1999). Based on the works of Nyboe (2004), in principle there are two distinct approaches to align work and competencies: to start with the work and adjust people and their qualifications to work requirements (job or production approach) or, alternatively, to start with the worker and assign tasks to workers according to their skills (competency or training approach). On one hand, in the job approach, tasks are grouped into individual jobs according to what is regarded a rational division of labor, and workers are recruited and trained to meet the requirements of those tasks. On the other hand, a competency approach has a shift of focus from...
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...Contemporary Theories of Motivation Introduction Understanding people’s perceptions, attitudes, motivations and behaviours is extremely important for achieving both managerial and organisational effectiveness. To get the very best out of people in work settings, managers constantly need knowledge about the behaviour of individuals and groups in organisations; they also need to be aware of the organisational and environmental variables that can potentially affect human behaviour. They need to understand, anticipate, modify and improve behaviours that are organizationally meaningful and relevant. The contribution of people, through their motivation and commitment, and dedicated behaviour towards the goals and objectives of the organisation, remain the single most important factor in making organisations better and more effective. Some people like their jobs and work harder as well as smarter. They are also very proud of the organizations for which they work. Other people simply dislike their jobs and would do anything just to avoid working. They would also prefer, if given the choice, to leave the organization. Motivation is the willingness to exert high levels of effort to organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need. This need is the internal state that makes certain outcomes appear attractive. Motivation is also the process that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal...
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...H 13 Contemporary issues in leadership Inspirational approaches to leadership Traditional approaches to leadership ignore the importance of the leader as a communicator. Framing: a way of communicating to shape meaning. Framing is a way for a leader to influence others. Charismatic leadership Charismatic leadership: a leadership theory which states that followers make attributions of heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviours. Charismatic leaders have vision, they are willing to take risks to achieve that vision, they are sensitive to follower needs and they exhibit behaviours that are out of ordinary. Are charismatic leaders born or more? Individuals are born with traits that make them charismatic. But most experts believe that individuals also can be trained to exhibit charismatic behaviours. How charismatic leaders influence followers Influencing others is a four-step process. It begins by the leader articulating an appealing vision. Vision: a long-term strategy of attaining a goal or goals. Once a vision and a vision-statement are established, the leader then communicates high performance expectations and expresses confidence that followers can attain them. Next, the leader conveys, through words and actions, a new set of values and, by his or her behaviour, sets an example for followers to imitate. Finally, the charismatic leader engages in emotion-inducing and often unconventional behaviour to demonstrate courage...
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...The Phrase ‘commitment’ is frequently used by HRM practitioners in the control of absenteeism and its contribution to business objectives. Evaluate the evidence to reinforce commitment and reduce absenteeism. Mowday et al have defined organizational commitment as “ the relative strength of an individual’s identification with an involvement in an organization” (Chapter 7 Attitudes at work, Page no, 265 Work Psychology, Understanding Human Behaviour in the Workplace by John Arnold (ft) fourth edition) Commitment is very powerful human concept as if a person is committed to an organization; therefore he or she has a strong identification with it and will turn out to be a long-term employee for the organization. Sir Richard Branson is an example of someone’s commitment towards its work. He born in an ordinary established family but it was his commitment, which led him to build the virgin empire and now he is one of the richest man in the world. Controlling the absenteeism is the objective of nearly every business organization and the phrase commitment is regularly used by HRM practitioners in order to control the absenteeism, In this essay I will explain the above statement in more details and also provide the evidence to support it. The question arises here why absenteeism is important? Absenteeism is important because it’s not only costly but it also affects the morale of other employees. The cost of absenteeism is greater than the...
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...Accounting Concepts, Conceptual framework of financial statements, Accounting Policies, Journal Entries and preparation of accounts - Trial Balance to Balance sheet and profit and loss Account, Recognition of Income and Expenses, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities Accounting Standards and Applicability: Disclosure of Accounting Policies (AS-1), Valuation of Inventories (AS-2), Depreciation Accounting (AS-6), Income Recognition & Accrual Income (AS-9), Accounting of Fixed Assets (AS-10), Accounting for Intangible Assets (AS-26), Accounting for Investments (AS-13), 7 7 17 III IV V Preparing and Understanding Financial Statements : Corporate Balance sheet, Profit and Loss Account Funds Flow Analysis, Financial Statement Analysis & Contemporary Issues Students should select a particular company and do financial analysis of the same and prepare a report and give a presentation 7 7 8 18 18 Internal Evaluation (20 marks of CEC) 4. Teaching Method: The following pedagogical tools will be used to teach this course:...
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...WISCONSIN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MBA PROGRAM ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR VENUE: POSTGRADUATE ROOM 3 DAY: SATURDAYS TIME: 11.30 AM - 2.30 PM LECTURER: DR ABDULAI KUYINI MOHAMMED Course description Effective management of human resources within organizations requires an understanding of various behavior and processes. Managers need to know why people behave as they do in relation to their jobs, their work groups and their organizations. This knowledge of individuals’ perceptions, motivational attitudes and behavior will enable managers to not only understand themselves better, but also to adopt appropriate managerial policies and leadership styles to increase their effectiveness. The focus of instruction in this course will move progressively through the individual, group and organizational levels of behavior and will examine the interrelationships of behavioral phenomena among these levels. In addition, concepts such as motivation, leadership and communication and their relevance to organizational behavior will be examined Objectives At the end of this course you should be able to: * develop your skills in analyzing organizational issues and developing appropriate recommendations to enhance organizational performance; * enhance your understanding of human behavior at the individual, interpersonal and organizational levels; * acquire knowledge about concepts and frameworks that can be used to build your management effectiveness; *...
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...management, and these make up a man management theory jungle. We will first focus on the emergence of management thought, who have made significant contribution in the evaluation of management thought, major contribution are noted. Definition of Management: Management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims (Koontz and Weihrich 1990, p. 4). In its expanded form, this basic definition means several things. First, as managers, people carry out the managerial functions of planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling. Second, management applies to any kind of organization. Third, management applies to managers at all organizational levels. Fourth, the aim of all managers is the same – to create surplus. Finally, managing is concerned with productivity – this implies...
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...académique : People & Organisations Responsable : J.HARRISON HARRISON Jennifer SUBRAMANIAN Dilip BABALOLA Mayowa Chargés de cours : Langue d'enseignement : Anglais Crédits ECTS : 4 Nombre d'heure de cours : 30 Charge de travail globale : 90 Positionnement dans l'architecture programme (Bloc) : Assurance of learning : Référentiel de compétence : Connaissances requises Présentation du cours et finalités générales The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the role of people in facilitating organizational objectives. It will stress the importance of understanding human behaviour in the organizational setting. This course is required of all business majors in order to provide support to graduates' management capability, career advancement and personal development. Over a 10 week period you will explore topics related to organizational concepts and theory, such as behaviours (OB) and human resource management (HRM) systems. The list of subjects that are covered in this course are not exhaustive of all the specific areas in organization theory, OB and HRM. Rather, this course is designed to provide a snapshot of people management challenges that are important and difficult in organizations today. Coverage of these topics are designed to facilitate both knowledge and skill acquisition. Objectifs d'apprentissage ̲À l'issue de ce cours, l'étudiant/le participant sera capable de : - increase their understanding of...
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