...The impact Domestic Violence has on a child Kevin Jackson CJA/314 March 11, 2015 Michael Paris The impact Domestic Violence has on a child The content of the video that we will be discussing will focus on domestic violence. How can domestic violence have a traumatic effect on the children that is exposed? As well as how many types of abuse can a child be a victim of in their own resident. To get a clear understanding of what domestic violence is we must first define its meaning- which is the inflicting of physical injury by one family or household member on another; a repeated or habitual pattern of such behavior (Merriam-Webster 2014). The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry states that there are ten million children in the US that witness domestic violence in their household between their caregivers each year (Aacap.org 2013). When domestic violence’s is constant in a household the children of that resident will develop serious emotional and behavioral problems. Unfortunately when a child is exposed to this type of behavior they usually become a victim of child abuse themselves .There are five types of abuse that a child can endure while growing up in an unstable, violence environment. The five types of child abuse the video addressed was physical, verbal, emotional and psychological torment, sexual molestation, and neglect. Anyone if not all can leave a child psychologically scarred thought-out their livelihood. When a child is subjected to physical...
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...During this time, women demanded their right to vote. The second wave of feminism developed in the 1960s where females of certain marginalized groups (working class women, blacks and prisoners) felt they weren't being treated equally and fairly like men and upper-class women. The civil rights activist fought very much for their rights during this time. However, not a lot resulted during this wave which led to the third wave of feminism evolution. The third wave developed to improve the second wave short comings. This is the new generation of feminists who know their rights and what gender equality is. Society generally favored men hence the need for social movements towards females rights to be heard. Feminism and Criminology Feminist criminology evolved during the time women were being judged on their gender rather than the type they committed. Gender inequality is basically due to men trying to control women and their sexuality. Feminists insist that sexism is the most common form of human oppression (Harrison, Wendy 2006). For many decades, different cultures have categorized women into 'either/or/ roles. In the 1960s women were categorized as either professionals or criminal. When it came to stereotypes, black women became greater victims of the color of their skin. There are those believed to have a bad temper and controlling....
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...Victimology Shawn Everett AIU Online Abstract This paper will discuss victimology, civil rights movement, children’s rights, crisis centers, and safe houses as well as list organizations and other resources. Victimology Victimology is considered the study of victimization which includes connections between both victim and the offender as well as the interactions between the victim and our criminal justice system which can include the police, courts, and correction officials. It’s also important to know that victimology is not limited to the connection between the victim, offender, and the criminal justice system, but it can also involve connections between social movements and many forms of human rights violations (Stevens, 2003). Victimology was born in the 1940’s after two criminologist from Europe named Von Hentig and Mendelson, also known as the fathers of victimology began studying victims of crimes. Their theory was that the victim’s behavior as well as their attitude was the cause of the crime to be committed. During its birth, the focus of victimology was on how the victims were equally responsible for certain crimes with the offender (Carson, 2009). By the 1960’s the focus of victimology shifted towards the rights of victims due to movements such as the Civil Rights movements and the feminist movements. From the 1970’s to the 1990’s victimology turned towards ways to stop future crimes from happening, help victims of crimes to become organized and empowered...
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...Betty Waltermire Crime and Criminology JUS110 December 21, 2013 Economically Disadvantaged: Women and Intimate Partner Violence According to some theorist who connect criminal behavior patterns to gender, interestingly created by management of material wealth and groups struggling in society. Although some women do not have the power and resigned to commit less serious, non-violent, self-destructive crimes such as abusing drugs sometimes to survive day to day. Federal and state cuts to social services in the budgets have also affected women. When lower class males, whether husbands or boyfriends lose their employment, they establish their self- image through acts of machismo and this includes violent abuse of wives and girlfriends (Siegel, 2013). Males typically seek out same-sex peer groups for social approval these groups encourage exploitation and sexual abuse of women. College campus fraternities and other groups may encourage violence against women who are touted as teasers, easy pickups or loose (Siegel, 2013). Exploitation of women may trigger the onset of deviant behaviors such as promiscuity, alcohol or drug abuse, theft, assault, and robbery. Females run away from home during their youth and turn to substance abuse to block the pain they suffered at the hands of a parent, relative or partner. By the time they are adults, who have been abused, tend to look at potential mates more closely to try...
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...have 4 fundamental justifications in mind when punishing a criminal they include retribution,rehabilitation,deterrence and incapacitation. A 5th concept has made its way into these justifications for punishment and that is the concept of Restoration or Restorative Justice. This concept started to gain popularity through the 70s and 80s and has since progressed into becoming part of the criminological vernacular and is now studied and theorized by many academics worldwide. Throughout this essay the meaning of “Restorative Justice” will be broken down and explained as well as talking about its effectiveness with tackling different forms of crime and whether or not it has a place in the future of Criminology. In particular the application of Restorative Justice to intimate partner/family violence will be explored. Restorative justice is quite complex as it does not hold one meaning or definition but instead incorporates a range of different concepts that assist in achieving justice (K Daly, H Hayes 2001). Very basically it is a form of justice that tends to move away from traditional forms of punishment such as jail and monetary fines and instead focuses a lot more on the relationship between victims and offenders. It works on rebuilding and repairing these relationships so that victims can attempt to move on and even perhaps forgive the offender for what they have done. Conferencing is one of the preferred methods with victim and offender both agreeing to meet in a controlled setting...
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...Victims with Disabilities Victims of crime can experience many problems, financial, emotional, physical, and psychological trauma to name a few. When Victims suffer from disabilities the problems driving from being a victim become extreme. For the purpose of this paper I will be focusing on victims of crime with disabilities., namely the case of Mr. Krochmaluk the Union Beach, N.J. man with learning disabilities who was enticed to a party by a group of people he thought were his friends only to be tormented for hours. Why people commit crimes against people with disabilities and the need to educate people suffering from disabilities and their care givers on their rights and the laws as victims or family member/care givers of said victims. The case of Eric Krochmaluk takes place in New Jersey and according to the article may be the first time a bias-crime law was pragmatic to a case concerning a victim with disabilities/mental retardation “According to their confessions, the group used promises of "meeting a pretty girl" to lure Eric Krochmaluk, who was 23 years of age, to a party on January 30, 1999. Over the next three hours, they stripped him, then forced him to wear women's clothing, kiss his tormentors' feet, and drink urine. They also tied Krochmaluk to a lawn chair, burned him with cigarettes, shaved his head against his wishes, choked him, whipped him, and beat him shower curtain rods, a toilet brush and a string of beads. Finally, they abandoned the young man in...
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...WORKPLACE VIOLENCE: Criminology-CJ102-D04 December 3, 2003 THESIS: WORKPLACE AS IT RELATES TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE I INTRODUCTION: • Crime and violence • Workplace violence a major concern • The three entities involved II STATISTICS • The Bureau of Justice Statistics • Statistics from 1992 to 1996 • National Crime Victimization Survey and The Bureau of Labor Statistic III WORKPLACE VIOLENCE A LAW ENFORCEMENT ISSUE • Responsibility of Law Enforcement • The impact and ramification • The direction of Law Enforcement IV WORKPLACE VIOLENCE A CORRECTIONAL ISSUE • Correctional facilities a breathing ground for violence • Domestic violence to workplace violence • Introduction of a new program V WORKPLACE VIOLENCE A PRIVATE SECURITY ISSUE • The direction of Professional security • The scope of Professional security • The challenge of Professional security INTRODUCTION Initially, when we consider crime and violence the average American may envision or think of the inner city streets, area populated by “lower class status”, and poor neighborhoods. They may even think of sub cultural conflict, or conflict overseas. Then when asked what causes violence, the average American may consider poverty, racial disparity, ineffective families, substance abuse, and the list goes on. In most cases the average American maybe right, in their estimate of crime and violence. However, we tend to avoid or exclude the issue of crime and violence in the workplace...
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...changes in the police response to domestic violence however there are still many areas that need improving. The purpose of this essay is to analyse the relative response made by the police to crimes of domestic violence by examining the theories and statistics from the study of various criminology scholars as well as scrutinising the impact of any changes or improvement that may have since occurred in policing. The Government defines domestic violence (DV) as "Any incident of threatening behaviour, violence or abuse (psychological, physical, sexual, financial or emotional) between adults who are or have been intimate partners or family members, regardless of gender or sexuality." This includes issues of concern to black and minority ethnic (BME) communities such as so called 'honour killings' [homeoffice.gov.uk]. In analysing the adequacy of police response to domestic violence, it is vital to firstly understand the scale of abuse against victims of DV. Several statistics, such as Stanko’s study in the year 2000, found that police in the UK received one call every minute for support concerning domestic violence. According to Dodd et al (2004), only 40.2% of actual domestic violence crimes are reported to the police. Moreover, 20 incidents of DV may have occurred before it is reported [Walby and Myhill, 2000]. As of 2005, 17% of all reported crimes were of Domestic Violence (Nicholas et al). What's more, even though the concept of domestic violence is not targeted at a particular...
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...Influences within Public Programs Paper Introduction There is a growing epidemic of domestic violence for women and their spouses or significant others that have been a debated issue for decades, one out of every ten women are reporting domestic violence incidents, from urban decay communities across the nation yearly. The minimalist versus maximalist theory’s has been the primary discussion for victimization in criminology where one perspective decides to look at more variations for the violence, and the other takes the crimes to the necessary degree to provide of government legislatures (NCVC, 2010). With today’s society modernized through time, Americans understand the existing problems of sexual exploitation and violence that is an ineluctable dilemma in society. The cases of domestic violence increase to more than fifty thousand lives which are from violent episode reports. Many victims are in urban communities that have subsidized housing that endure the abuse of their significant other to avoid being evicted if the landlord is alerted of any disturbances involving the tenant. This is a requirement of the public housing assistance program that women receive with low income called Section 8. These women fear reporting the violence against them because there are not many places to go, so they stay and, endure the domestic violence. For the women who do have the strength and courage to report these crimes they are forced to search for refuge in local homeless...
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...study was to examine gender differences with regard to domestic violence and if having been a victim of domestic violence or witnessing it at a young age has any influence on the probability of becoming a perpetrator of domestic violence or a victim of it later in life. Previous research has narrowly identified males as aggressors of domestic violence and has failed to identify females as a domestic violence perpetrator outside of the realm of self-defense (Kernsmith, 2006). The study seeks to discover if having been a female victim of abuse or a witness thereof has any influence on the propensity to behave violently in familial or dating relationships. Study Design The design of the study was cross-sectional and represented a multitude of demographics from across Los Angeles County. The culturally diverse group of participants ensured the data collected would remain bias free. Administered by a facilitator who read the questions aloud, each participant answered the same questions simultaneously. According to Kernsmith (2006), “Both the Los Angeles Probation Department and General Campus Human Subject Protection Committee approved these procedures prior to beginning the study” (p. 166) Operational Definition The administered questionnaire contained questions that would elicit direct responses regarding the witnessing of domestic violence during childhood, being a victim of abuse, or a victim of physical domestic violence. Questions also inquired about the level of fear felt...
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...him or her if the abuser gets out of jail, will it make things worse? All of these directions and all of these questions need some clearing up, and this is where advocacy comes into play. Personal Perspective According to Reference.com (2013), “Advocacy is the pursuit of influencing outcomes –including public-policy and resource allocation decisions within political, economic, and social systems and institutions- that directly affect people’s lives” (Advocacy). The role of an advocate is to provide a voice to one unable to because of a crisis. This voice is supposed to be an empowerment tool. Often times this empowerment tool can go wrong. Mandatory arrest was established because of advocates to amplify the law replying to domestic violence. The problem with mandatory arrest is that the choice taken away from the victim. He or she may call the police to help defuse the situation, instead the police show up and have to arrest the abuser. Doing this takes the choice away...
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...Alcohol Related Problems Introduction Alcohol related problems is one of today’s contemporary issues, as there are studies that suggest that due to alcohol related problems there are various impacts that it can have to an individual, and it can include social harms and any antisocial behaviour, such as alcohol fueled violence. This literature review will explore academic readings that can help assist identity key issues relating to a criminology perspective of alcohol related problems. Alcohol can have a huge impact on an individual lives which can also effect the community. Ergo, based on past research from the academic readings this literature review will explore prevention strategies that help reduce social harm to the individual and the community, and also the consequences that alcohol can lead to. Benefits of the Literature Review By analysing the academic sources, it can assist in gaining proper knowledge of the effects that alcohol can lead to and the prevention strategies that are able to prevent and reduce social harm to the individual and community from the misuse of alcohol. Ergo, this literature review will benefit ‘assignment three’ as it is able to give a proper understanding of ‘alcohol related problems’ within areas, such as Manly. Consequences of Alcohol Related Problems The Australian Medical Association (2012) mentions that most Australians, especially the youths within society are drinking in a way that puts their own health at risk, which...
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...Proposal This research paper we will be looking into violence within our homes. It is an important topic for anyone to be aware of as well as educated about for the safety of ourselves and our families. Specifically, we will be looking at childhood abuse and the ties to the abused children growing up to be domestic abusers. Understanding the ties between the two topics may give us a better understanding of the chances for children who are abused growing up to commit domestic violence acts. It will also give us a general idea as to how we may be able to help these children when they are younger as to prevent domestic violence in the future. According to "Child Welfare Information Gateway" (2010) The Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) (42 U.S.C.A. § 5106g), as amended by the CAPTA Reauthorization Act of 2010, defines child abuse and neglect as, at minimum: “Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker that results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation"; or "An act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm." This definition of child abuse and neglect refers specifically to parents and other caregivers. A "child" under this definition means a person who is younger than age 18 or who is not an emancipated minor (para. 1). The basis for the background to this problem is the fact that there is a common belief in the cycle of violence and child abuse. It is said that there is not...
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...neglect are very large contributors. Many studies have been done on the effects child abuse can have. The first study I came across is a study of how violence can affect a child not only when they are young, but also in to adolescence. It is also said that many of the children who witness domestic violence have also experienced some form of child abuse. These events can effect a person's psychosocial outcome so tests were performed to determine to what extent the child was affected. The study was conducted on 457 children/adolescents. According to the Journal of Family Violence, children that were only exposed to domestic violence were more prone to low self esteem, withdrawal, depression and anxiety. Those who were exposed to violence as well as abuse had higher externalizing (acting out against others, including physical aggression, verbal bullying, relational aggression, defiance, theft, and vandalism) and internalizing behaviors( acting out against self, which includes eating too much or too little, feeling depressed, abusing substances and cutting). There were also tests done on children who were exposed to child abuse only, and children in a non-violence group as well as whether or not gender made a difference but the results are mixed and further research needs to be completed. Children exposed to violence and abuse had higher levels of externalizing behavior problems and internalizing behavior problems in adolescence than those who weren't...
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...Theresa Sidders Intro to Criminology 02/29/2012 The School Shooter Perspective Threat Assessment In July of 1999 a symposium in Leesburg, VA was held to present a systematic procedure for the threat assessment and intervention of violence in our schools. The results from a 1998 study done by the FBI’s National Center for Analysis of Violent Crime are being used to formulate concepts and principles to address and prevent school shootings. In this study, eighteen school shootings were reviewed and the combined information is being used to bring better knowledge of the behavioral prospective of the shooters. Although it is almost impossible to “profile” a shooter, there are some situations that are similar in the separate cases. Instead of focusing on the misinformation that is given by the media about the shooters, i.e. that all the school shooters tend to be loners, or that they are all motivated by revenge, this symposium is focused on what possible types of behaviors, family and social backgrounds that may play a part in these individuals lives that the schools can be made aware of ahead of time in order to prevent any further school shootings from happening. Understanding that a threat, is an expression of intent to cause harm or act out violently against someone or something. This can be done verbally, in writing or by using symbols, for example, using one’s hands to form of a gun. After a threat is made it is necessary to determine what category the...
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