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Criminology Level 3

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Submitted By jamesmcdermott1
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Why crime is a contested subject A crime in a broad understanding is an act that violates a political or moral law of any one person or social grouping. In the narrow sense, a crime is a violation of criminal law; in many nations, there are criminal standards of bad behaviour. However, a crime can be the action of violating or breaking a law. According to Western system of law, there must be a simultaneous concurrence of both guilty action and guilty mind for a crime to have been committed; Some people will say that manslaughter is not the case, for example if an individual hits someone he did not mean to kill them, however the intent to cause harm was there. In order for prosecution, some laws require proof of cause and effect relating the defendant's actions to the criminal event in question. In addition, some laws require that attendant circumstances have occurred, in order for a crime to have taken place. Also, in order for a crime to be prosecuted, proof of a crime must be established. There are six dominant constructions of crime as we see it; * Crime as a social construct * Crime as a violation of moral codes * Crime as ideological censure * Crime as a criminal law violation * Crime as historical invention * Crime as social harm
There are different theories of criminology as these are as follows Positivism, Conservatism, Strain theory; new deviancy theory and Marxism, these theories each have a view on what crime should be defined as.
Crime as a social construct in my opinion is created by those who hold the seat of power, take for example the recent legal high epidemic; since these drugs were criminalised anyone found in possession will now have a criminal record and all not violent drug offences would not be a crime if drugs we not criminalised, yet if we look at it from a different perspective then when someone is arrested for

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