...Was the legislation that gave African Americans equal rights to ‘whites’ the result of famous, glorified leaders such as Martin Luther King and Lyndon Johnson or was it those who worked behind the scenes, the local groups and individuals, who set the stage for these legal amendments to be possible? The Civil Rights Movement was one of the most significant events in the modern history of the United States that has formed the basis of many of its core values and laws today. The Civil Rights Movement unofficially ended with the passing of the long awaited “1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act” which legally saw an end to the racial discrimination faced by African Americans. However the historiography of the Civil Rights Movement has “undergone some serious revision” since 1965 as it ‘gained popular appeal.’ Initially the Civil Rights Movement was “romanticized” and considered to be a “heroic narrative of moral purpose and personal courage by which great men and women inspired ordinary people to rise up and struggle for their rights” such as the famed Martin Luther King, who was painted as the ‘driving force behind the movement’ ,President Lyndon Johnson and Kennedy and organisations such as ‘The National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People’ (NAACP) This idea of the federal government, prominent leaders and organisations playing the defining role in the passing of these bills soon became less plausible in the 1970’s and 1980’s as the “second...
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...People of Scotland celebrate a new chapter in Parliament History Today marks a brand new chapter for the Scottish Parliament as people, the Parliament and Her Majesty The Queen join together to celebrate the Third Session of the Scottish Parliament, alongside guests from Scotland and around the world. Presiding Officer, Alex Fergusson MSP said: ”This is an uplifting occasion where the very fabric of our society is reflected in the day’s celebrations. It’s encouraging to see people from all walks of life coming together to connect with their parliament. We’re a very proud nation and this day is a day for the people just as the Scottish Parliament is a parliament for the people.” The public will begin gathering along the Royal Mile from early this morning, anticipating what promises to be a fantastic day of festivities. Following the procession of the Crown of Scotland from the Castle to the Parliament, the ceremony in the Chamber will begin. Introduced by the Presiding Officer, The Queen will begin the day by welcoming Scotland’s new Parliament with an address to the debating chamber. The First Minister of Scotland will then thank The Queen for her remarks. Reflecting the rich multi-cultural make-up of Scotland , school children, community groups, ‘local heroes’, performers and representatives from all corners of Scottish society will walk down the Royal Mile before being joined by MSPs and guests from the debating chamber in the Riding procession. The Queen and The...
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...India’s Culture India’s culture has been evolving for more than five thousand years. It began with the start of human civilization. It’s a reflection of human history that carries with it a story of great people and amazing history. Indian culture uses rich and beautiful colors in all aspects of life, whether you see it through rugs and paintings, or through textiles and architecture. “The Indian culture is rooted in colorful traditions that date back to ancient history.”( Kohler, 2000-2011) A civilization known as Harappa, created a religion that is considered the oldest living religion. We know this religion as Hinduism. “India has traditionally been one of the most religiously tolerant in the world.”( Robinson, 2012) “However in 1998, a Hindu nationalistic political party the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) controlled the government of India. The linkage of religion, the national government, and nationalism led to a degeneration of the separation of church and state in India and a decrease in the level of religious tolerance in that country.”(Robinson, 2012) An increase of anti-Christian violence was one result of this linkage. With the later change in government, the level of violence has gone down, and India is a country of relative religious tolerance and peace. Culture and food go hand and hand in India. Indian food represents the family and community connecting and sharing socially. “Indian dishes are commonly cooked with distinct spices and herbs that awaken your senses...
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...“never had to turn themselves from good companies into great companies” as they were always great. Challenged, Jim Collins started the five-year research of how a good company can become great. The study of Collins turned out into another breakthrough as it was systematically planned and well-structured; from six long months of search and analyzing financial reports of hundreds or even thousands of companies, identifying which companies made the leap from good results to great results and sustained those results for at least fifteen years and still taking into account their independence to the industry performance in which they belong, presenting and debating ,debating and debating until they’ve found eleven good-to-great companies to further study. The research, backed up by strong evidences, proved that companies with histories of being nothing special can indeed outperform the most popular and most powerful companies. GOOD companies can be GREAT. They have come up with numerous insights that could certainly turn any organization to become great and one of them is the “Level 5 Leadership” that really struck my curiosity. I was astonished to know that there were...
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...model away from its home country to other locations for business purposes is the exportability of a search engine’s technology and business model (History of Search Engines: From 1945 to Google Today). This process involves satisfactory preparation which includes gathering of information that will be relevant to the local culture of the new location, review of Governments laws and restrictions that may apply, and language translation for the host country if it is different from the home country's language (History of Search Engines: From 1945 to Google Today) . Google was viewed by many countries as a threat because they believed Google was threatening their cultural values and norms leading to Google running into many issues in trying to expand itself internationally. Many people felt that by allowing Google to have free reign in their countries it would have allowed them to impose the Anglo-Saxon outlook in a variety of different topics, like history, pop-culture, and even fashion. Many European and Asian countries opposed Google a few different ways to ensure that their culture was not diluted by American society. The most popular has been the creation of a local search engine within the country, many times funded by the local government which controls and regulates the search engine as it sees necessary (History of Search Engines: From 1945 to Google Today). In France, they attempted to set up a local search engine called “Quaero”, meaning “I seek” in Latin...
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...dreamed of studying abroad, especially in United States, though, because it can offers a lot of different and valuable experiences First of all, the main advantage of studying in US is that I can learn about my major ‘communication’ from various views. I have dreamed of being journalist since I was in high school, and that’s the main reason why I entered in to Yonsei University and major in Communication now. In major classes, I repeatedly heard that students who want to learn journalism more can experience the most developed and ‘time-honored’ journalism study in United States. That’s because the majority of theories in Communication came from professors of universities in US and US have much longer history in journalism than Korea. Therefore, In US, by listening lectures about history of journalism in US and watching a lot of news channels, I can learn much more diverse views and observe their different practice in journalism. Secondly, I believe that meeting various people in US can increase my cultural sensitivity and interpersonal communication skills. Except short journey...
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...Dong Won Moon Ms. Jana Russ World Civilizations: China 23 July 2009 What were the reasons which caused Qing Dynasty to fall? And why is that important? What was the opportunity that does China got a foothold in modernization? What is the last Kingdom of the history of China? The Qing dynasty was the last kingdom ever lasted in Chinese history. In fact, the fall of the Qing dynasty facilitated modernization of China, however there were three main reasons which caused collapse of Qing dynasty: Empress Dowager Cixi, Opium war and rebellions during Qing period. First, who is Empress Dowager Cixi? As the textbook “CHINA: A Cultural, Social, and Political History” by Patricia Buckley Ebrey said the Cixi was most powerful person during the self-strengthening period. To maintain her authority, she chose her four years old cousin after her son’s death. The record also said that Cixi was a skillful political operator (p.223). However, Cixi was sided with conservative parts which caused French fleet attack on China (p.224). So this was the reason why Qing got attacked from foreign forces which the dynasty gradually got weakened, so Cixi was one of the reason why Qing dynasty got perished. This was also pretty interesting issue that it was kind of opposite view comparing to Kangxi who lived to perceive the Qing Empire firmly established (p.190). Another big issue that caused Qing dynasty to fall was the Opium War. As the textbook by Ebrey, it said that by the late 18th century...
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...Students would be able to explore the relations between culture understood as human expressive and symbolic activities, and cultures understood as distinctive ways of life. By working across the boundaries among these fields, cultural studies addresses new questions and problems of todays world. Students will also be able to understand the background of many countries, how they were influenced by their cultural heritage and lifestyle. This means more exposure to the different ethnic groups around the world, which will aid them tremendously when students enter the working population and are posted to work with individuals from different ethnic groups. It should be an addition to the current humanities, and students will easily adapt to this new programme as it is just like social studies but with a wider scope that aims to study different cultures instead of our...
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...In Georgia Warnke’s book Debating Sex and Gender, Gayle Rubin recognizes sex as the “raw material” of the bodies of female and male human beings, while gender pertains to the roles and functions those human beings have in society and the culture of which they are a part of. Rubin states that sexism is the general phenomenon in which females become “domesticated women”, or workhorses for men. Rubin wrote her influential essay The Traffic in Women in 1975, yet her definitions of sex, gender, and sexism are still applicable today. The issues that Rubin addressed are demonstrated in particular in today’s media, which reinforces gender inequality and objectification, through the depiction of women as hyper-sexualized, weak, and unskilled. This negative depiction of women exists especially in the gaming community, in which many have criticized the negative portrayal of women as sexist and severely problematic. Video games like Grand Theft Auto and Red Dead Redemption portray women in an almost exclusively violent and sexualized manner, which serves to reinforce the never-ending sexism and gender biases that society has upheld for centuries. Society as a whole can change the perception of gender and how women are perceived, but leaps towards progressive ideas need to be made first, starting with the video game industry as a whole. Throughout history, women’s roles have primarily been domestic – staying home and being responsible for the care of her husband and children. As Warnke...
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...Contraceptive Mentality “Contraceptive Mentality in the 21st Century” Some of the world's most prominent scientists and researchers all agree and will testify to the fact that human life begins at conception. Medical experts have proven this claim multiple times through scientific means and because of this certainty, people acknowledge that life begins at conception. Though, the question lingering here isn't whether life begins at fertilization or when, as this has already been answered. The question most people should be debating about is “Does it matter?” or “Do people care?”. In the encyclical “Evangelium Vitae”, in order to describe the attitudes of our current society towards the conception of life, the phrase “culture of death” was used by Pope John Paul II. In this issue he described the culture as a lifestyle where moral sins or crimes, such as...
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...To What Extent Are Human Rights Universal? Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that ‘all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood’ (The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948). This idea that human rights should be applicable and accessible to all, that they are, in all senses of the word, 'universal', is a topic of debate for many critics in all parts of the world (Tharoor, 1999: 5). The very concept of anything being universal is in itself controversial; can anything in our multicultural, multipolar world ever be ‘truly universal’? This essay aims to evaluate the extent to which human rights are universal, focusing on the imposition of Western norms on Non-Western countries, the cultural relativist view of universal human rights and the defence for human rights as a universal idea. The first hurdle that the idea of universal human rights faces is who defines human rights? Critics such as Michael Ignatieff argue that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a Western document, and that individuals from Non-Western countries are not given the same rights as those in the West (O’Connor, 2014). This is noticeable in the emphasis on individual rights as opposed to communal rights, which are commonly practiced in Non-Western countries. In addition, many of the rights stated are only accessible to the West, such as the right...
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...The Impact of Advertising on Attitudes in Belize Introduction Advertising is a vital component in the economic development and progress in countries all around the globe but most of all it has become the mainstream and biggest promoting tool of any industry. According to William M. O’Barr (2000), “Advertising is a complex phenomenon — intimately tied to society, culture, history, and the economy — that defies any simple or single definition. Some aspects of it are universal, whereas others are culturally specific. It is personal salesmanship transformed into mediated communication. It sometimes provides new information, often cajoles, and always attempts to persuade. In addition to selling messages, it encodes cultural values and social ideals. And depending on your point of view, it is a positive or negative force in society and the economy.” (What Is Advertising?, 2000) As stated in O’Barr’s definition of advertising, it has the power to manipulate the economy, society, culture, and the political system. Globally, advertising serves the purpose of promoting products and services, and business. Modern inventions and creations are becoming popular through advertisements. In addition, the economy becomes stronger because advertising stimulates the demand for products and services. Therefore, consumers buy products and seek different kinds of services because they have seen it on television, in the newspapers, magazines, through the use of technology and even word of mouth...
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...not their job.” -ate coring "Present your case," says the Lord. "Bring forth your strong reasons," says the King of Jacob. Isaiah 41:21 What is debate? A debate is a contest, or, perhaps, like a game, where two or more speakers present their arguments intent on persuading one another. Men have been debating with one another since the beginning of time when the serpent first debated with Eve the benefits of eating certain fruits in the Garden. We shall limit ourselves here with discussing formal contest debating between educational institutions, or, in the world of homeschooling, between families that choose to bypass educational institutions and educate their children at home. Debate "Present your case," says the Lord. "Bring forth your strong reasons," says the King of Jacob. Isaiah 41:21 What is debate? A debate is a contest, or, perhaps, like a game, where two or more speakers present their arguments intent on persuading one another. Men have been debating with one another since the beginning of time when the serpent first debated with Eve the benefits of eating certain fruits in the Garden. We shall limit ourselves here with discussing formal contest debating between educational institutions, or, in the world of homeschooling, between families that choose to bypass educational institutions and educate their children at home. Why debate? "He [the student debater] learns to use a library, and to find the exact information he needs in the shortest possible time....
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...While administrators can glean much from the specific lessons of history that relate to the evolution of community policing, these lessons should be considered within the context of two somewhat more generally applicable principles. First, the crime problem appears to have changed little since the Industrial Revolution drove the urbanization of Western culture in the early 1800s. Objective measures of the true prevalence of criminal activity in our cities remain as elusive today as they were when the British Parliament began debating the "Act for Improving the Police In and Near the Metropolis" in the late 1820s. Similarly, modern surveys of public opinion, like 18th century accounts, still have difficulty "separating fear of crime from disapproval of conduct deemed immoral or alarm at public disorder."6 Nevertheless, descriptions of London's problems early in the last century would sound strikingly familiar to residents of American cities near the end of the 20th century. Second, organizational change in police agencies has been a constant theme of academicians, policymakers, and practitioners from the very beginning_perhaps only because it is one factor among the many complex issues facing the police over which these groups can exercise some control. However, changes in policing strategies are not always determined through rigorous testing.7 Every new movement in law enforcement--from the establishment of the first organized police forces, to the reforms of the Progressive...
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...After watching The Great Debaters based on a true story which was inspired in 1935 by Mr. Melvin B. Tolson. The Great Debaters is a very powerful movie, not only thru the words and speeches that were given but thru the context and storyline of history the movie allocated. Public speakers have the ability to change the world and others aspect on the world itself with the key essentials such as being credible to what they are supporting, stating official facts and showing interest and being dedicated to the change they hope to see in society. The Great Debaters portrayed each essential with certainty. Samantha Hall, Henry Lowe, and James Farmer Jr. all presented exceptional debating skills and superb speeches in which Mr. Tolson instilled into...
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